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Li N, Pang Y, Sun Z, Sun X, Li W, Sun Y, Zhu L, Li B, Wang Z, Zeng H. Unraveling Partial Coalescence Between Droplet and Oil-Water Interface in Water-in-Oil Emulsions under a Direct-Current Electric Field via Molecular Dynamics Simulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5992-6003. [PMID: 38445586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
When the electric field strength (E) surpasses a certain threshold, secondary droplets are generated during the coalescence between water droplets in oil and the oil-water interface (so-called the droplet-interface partial coalescence phenomenon), resulting in a lower efficiency of droplet electrocoalescence. This study employs molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the droplet-interface partial coalescence phenomenon under direct current (DC) electric fields. The results demonstrate that intermolecular interactions, particularly the formation of hydrogen bonds, play a crucial role in dipole-dipole coalescence. Droplet-interface partial coalescence is categorized into five regimes based on droplet morphology. During the contact and fusion of the droplet with the water layer, the dipole moment of the droplet exhibits alternating increases and decreases along the electric field direction. Electric field forces acting on sodium ions and the internal interactions within droplets promote the process of droplet-interface partial coalescence. High field strengths cause significant elongation of the droplet, leading to its fragmentation into multiple segments. The migration of hydrated ions has a dual impact on the droplet-interface partial coalescence, with both facilitative and suppressive effects. The time required for droplet-interface partial coalescence initially decreases and subsequently increases as the field strength increases, depending on the competitive relationship between the extent of droplet stretching and the electric field force. This work provides molecular insights into the droplet-interface coalescence mechanisms in water-in-oil emulsions under DC electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Yunhui Pang
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Zhiqian Sun
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Wangqing Li
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yongxiang Sun
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Liyun Zhu
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G1H9, Canada
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Song F, Chen R, Wang G, Fan J, Niu H. Coalescence and Break-Up Behaviors of Nanodroplets under AC Electric Field. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073064. [PMID: 37049826 PMCID: PMC10096076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Water must be separated from water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion because of the corrosion it brings to the relative equipment in the process of transportation and storage. It is an effective method to apply external electric field to achieve high performance of separating small, dispersed water droplets from W/O emulsion; however, the coalescing micromechanism of such small salty droplets under AC electric field is unclear. In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation was adopted to investigate the coalescence and separation process of two NaCl-aqueous droplets under AC electric field and discuss the effect of AC electric field frequency, as well as the time required for contacting, the critical electric field strength, the dynamic coalescence process and the stability of the final merged droplet. The results show that the critical electric field strength of the droplet coalescence increases with the increase of frequency, while the time required for droplet contacting becomes shorter. The shrinkage function curve was applied to characterize the droplet coalescence effect and it was found that the droplets coalescence and form a nearly spherical droplet under the AC electric field with a frequency of 1.25 GHz and strength of 0.5 V/nm. When the electric field frequency is 10 GHZ, the merged droplet presents a periodic fluctuation with the same period as the AC electric field, which mainly depends on the periodic movement of cations and anions under the AC electric field. The results can provide theoretical basis for the practical application of electrostatic demulsification technology in the petroleum or chemical industry from the microscopic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenhong Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Ruifeng Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
| | - Hu Niu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
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Molecular dynamics simulation of ethanol electrohydrodynamic atomization: Microscopic mechanism of the operating parameter effects. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Qi Z, Sun Z, Li N, Chen Q, Liu W, Li W. Effect of inorganic salt concentration and types on electrophoretic migration of oil droplets in oil-in-water emulsion: A molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Li B, Ju M, Dou X, Li N, Zhang W, Sun Z, Yu K, Wang J, Wang Z. Assessing nanoparticle-surfactant-salt synergistic effects on droplet–droplet electrocoalescence by molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wang Y, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Yuan S, Wang D. Effect of electric field on coalescence of an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by surfactant: a molecular dynamics study. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30658-30669. [PMID: 36337949 PMCID: PMC9597590 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04731d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The microscopic understanding of electrocoalescence of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized by surfactant is very important to improve the efficiency of electrical demulsification. The behaviors of the coalescence of O/W emulsion stabilized by surfactant in the presence of a direct electric field and a pulsed electric field were explored by nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. According to the simulated results, an electrical method is feasible to demulsify an O/W emulsion stabilized by a surfactant. The configuration and movement of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were determined by interactions between SDS molecules themselves and between SDS and oil/water molecules along with the force exerted by the applied electrical field. Two droplets will coalesce into one when the strength of the electric field exceeds 0.4 V nm-1. The SDS group can be broken up by an electric field larger than 0.6 V nm-1. The point when interaction energy between the hexadecane molecules of the two droplets begins to decrease from zero is consistent with the time when the two oil droplets came in contact. The coalescence process can be completed if the two droplets have begun to coalesce, even after the electric field was removed. Otherwise, the coalescence process cannot be completed. To enhance the efficiency of the electrocoalescence of O/W emulsions, strength, frequency and duty ratio of the electric field have to be optimized according to the properties of the emulsion. This research will help us to figure out how electric fields promote the efficiency of electrocoalescence of O/W emulsions with surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudou Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Shiyan Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Yuanwu Zhang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Shundong Yuan
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Diansheng Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
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Li S, Yuan S, Zhang Y, Guo H, Liu S, Wang D, Wang Y. Molecular Dynamics Study on the Demulsification Mechanism of Water-In-Oil Emulsion with SDS Surfactant under a DC Electric Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12717-12730. [PMID: 36197725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Application of an electric field is an effective demulsification method for water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. For the W/O emulsions stabilized by anionic surfactants, the microscopic demulsification mechanism is still not very clear. In this work, the coalescence behavior of two droplets stabilized by the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the oil phase under a DC electric field is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. The effects of electric field strength and oil type on the electrocoalescence of two water droplets are mainly considered. The trajectory snapshots and center of mass of the two water droplets suggest that there is almost no migratory coalescence. The movement of sodium ions and SDS, which is a combined effect of the electric field force and the resistance from the oil phase, is crucial for the deformation and connection of two water droplets. The results of mean square displacement, radial distribution function, hydration number, and interaction energies of Na+-H2O and SDS-H2O indicate that the sodium ion has a stronger ability to carry water molecules for movement than SDS. The stronger electric field strength will result in more severe deformation and shorter coalescence time. Under the higher electric field strength, the two droplets will be elongated into a slender water ribbon. By applying a pulsed DC electric field with suitable amplitude, frequency, and duty ratio, it is possible to achieve full coalescence for the ionic surfactant-stabilized W/O emulsions. The oil phase also plays an important role for the deformation of droplets and the migration of emulsion components. For the different oil phases, a longer time or stronger electric field strength would be needed for the electrocoalescence of droplets in the oil phase with higher density and viscosity. Our results are expected to be helpful for practical application in the petroleum industry and chemical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Li
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao266580, China
| | - Shundong Yuan
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao266580, China
| | - Yuanwu Zhang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao266580, China
| | - Huiying Guo
- Research Institute of Experiment and Detection, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay834000, China
| | - Sai Liu
- Research Institute of Experiment and Detection, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay834000, China
| | - Diansheng Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao266580, China
| | - Yudou Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao266580, China
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Li B, Ju M, Dou X, Li N, Zhang W, Xu H, Sun Z, Yu K, Wang J, Wang Z. Microscopic mechanism for nanoparticle-laden droplet–droplet electrocoalescence: A molecular dynamics study. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Li N, Sun Z, Pang Y, Qi Z, Liu W, Li W, Sun M, Li B, Wang Z. Microscopic mechanism for electrocoalescence of water droplets in water-in-oil emulsions containing surfactant: A molecular dynamics study. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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