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Subbiah K, Lee HS, Al-Hadeethi MR, Park T, Lgaz H. Unraveling the anti-corrosion mechanisms of a novel hydrazone derivative on steel in contaminated concrete pore solutions: An integrated study. J Adv Res 2024; 58:211-228. [PMID: 37634628 PMCID: PMC10982867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Corrosion-induced deterioration of infrastructure is a growing global concern. The development and application of corrosion inhibitors are one of the most effective approaches to protect steel rebar from corrosion. Hence, this study focuses on a novel hydrazone derivative, (E)-N'-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)aceto-hydrazide (HIND), and its potential application to mitigate corrosion in steel rebar exposed to chloride-contaminated concrete pore solutions (ClSCPS). OBJECTIVES The research aims to evaluate the anti-corrosion capabilities of HIND on steel rebar within a simulated corrosive environment, focusing on the mechanisms of its inhibitory effect. METHODS The corrosion of steel rebar exposed to the ClSCPS was studied through weight loss and electrochemical methods. The surface morphology of steel rebar surface was characterized by FE-SEM-EDS, AFM; oxidation states of the steel rebar and crystal structures were examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Further, experimental findings were complemented by theoretical studies using self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) simulations. The performance of HIND was monitored at an optimal concentration over a period of 30 days. RESULTS The results indicated a significant reduction in steel rebar corrosion upon introducing HIND. The inhibitor molecules adhered to the steel surface, preventing further deterioration and achieving an inhibition efficiency of 88.4% at 0.5 mmol/L concentration. The surface morphology analysis confirmed the positive effect of HIND on the rebar surface, showing a decrease in the surface roughness of the steel rebar from 183.5 in uninhibited to 50 nm in inhibited solutions. Furthermore, SCC-DFTB simulations revealed the presence of coordination between iron atoms and HIND active sites. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the potential of HIND as an effective anti-corrosion agent in chloride-contaminated environments. Its primary adsorption mechanism involves charge transfer from the inhibitor molecules to iron atoms. Therefore, applying HIND could be an effective strategy to address corrosion-related challenges in reinforced infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Subbiah
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Lee
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mustafa R Al-Hadeethi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq
| | - Taejoon Park
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hassane Lgaz
- Innovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
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El-Khlifi A, Zouhair FZ, Al-Hadeethi MR, Lgaz H, Lee HS, Salghi R, Hammouti B, Erramli H. Assessment of Hydrazone Derivatives for Enhanced Steel Corrosion Resistance in 15 wt.% HCl Environments: A Dual Experimental and Theoretical Perspective. Molecules 2024; 29:985. [PMID: 38474497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the corrosion inhibition capabilities of two novel hydrazone derivatives, (E)-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-N'-(4-methylbenzylidene)acetohydrazide (MeHDZ) and (E)-N'-benzylidene-2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acetohydrazide (HHDZ), on carbon steel in a 15 wt.% HCl solution. A comprehensive suite of analytical techniques, including gravimetric analysis, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), demonstrates their significant inhibition efficiency. At an optimal concentration of 5 × 10-3 mol/L, MeHDZ and HHDZ achieve remarkable inhibition efficiencies of 98% and 94%, respectively. EIS measurements reveal a dramatic reduction in effective double-layer capacitance (from 236.2 to 52.8 and 75.3 µF/cm2), strongly suggesting inhibitor adsorption on the steel surface. This effect is further corroborated by an increase in polarization resistance and a significant decrease in corrosion current density at optimal concentrations. Moreover, these inhibitors demonstrate sustained corrosion mitigation over extended exposure durations and maintain effectiveness even under elevated temperatures, highlighting their potential for diverse operational conditions. The adsorption process of these inhibitors aligns well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, implying physicochemical interactions at the carbon steel surface. Density functional tight-binding (DFTB) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the inhibitor-surface interaction mechanism, further elucidating the potential of these hydrazone derivatives as highly effective corrosion inhibitors in acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah El-Khlifi
- Team of Materials, Electrochemistry and Environment, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahrae Zouhair
- Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, B.P. 133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
| | - Mustafa R Al-Hadeethi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq
| | - Hassane Lgaz
- Innovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Lee
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, San-grok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachid Salghi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed University of Fes, Eco-Campus, Fes-Meknes Road, Fes 30030, Morocco
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, ENSA, University Ibn Zohr, P.O. Box 1136, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Polytechnic School, Euromed University of Fes, Eco-Campus, Fes-Meknes Road, Fes 30030, Morocco
| | - Hamid Erramli
- Team of Materials, Electrochemistry and Environment, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Catalysis, and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, BP 133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
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Lgaz H, Lee HS. Computational Exploration of Phenolic Compounds in Corrosion Inhibition: A Case Study of Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6159. [PMID: 37763437 PMCID: PMC10532989 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The corrosion of materials remains a critical challenge with significant economic and infrastructural impacts. A comprehensive understanding of adsorption characteristics of phytochemicals can facilitate the effective design of high-performing environmentally friendly inhibitors. This study conducted a computational exploration of hydroxytyrosol (HTR) and tyrosol (TRS) (potent phenolic compounds found in olive leaf extracts), focusing on their adsorption and reactivity on iron surfaces. Utilizing self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) simulations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and quantum chemical calculations (QCCs), we investigated the molecules' structural and electronic attributes and interactions with iron surfaces. The SCC-DFTB results highlighted that HTR and TRS coordinated with iron atoms when adsorbed individually, but only HTR maintained bonding when adsorbed alongside TRS. At their individual adsorption, HTR and TRS had interaction energies of -1.874 and -1.598 eV, which became more negative when put together (-1.976 eV). The MD simulations revealed parallel adsorption under aqueous and vacuum conditions, with HTR demonstrating higher adsorption energy. The analysis of quantum chemical parameters, including global and local reactivity descriptors, offered crucial insights into molecular reactivity, stability, and interaction-prone atomic sites. QCCs revealed that the fraction of transferred electron ∆N aligned with SCC-DFTB results, while other parameters of purely isolated molecules failed to predict the same. These findings pave the way for potential advancements in anticorrosion strategies leveraging phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Lgaz
- Innovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Han-seung Lee
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Bouhraoua A, Khamaysa O, Selatnia I, Lgaz H, Sid A, Zeghache H, Ebenso EE, Lee HS. Experimental and computational studies on the corrosion mitigation properties of a newly synthesized imine derivative for carbon steel in HCl medium. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Lgaz H, Lee HS, Kaya S, Salghi R, Ibrahim SM, Chafiq M, Bazzi L, Ko YG. Unraveling Bonding Mechanisms and Electronic Structure of Pyridine Oximes on Fe(110) Surface: Deeper Insights from DFT, Molecular Dynamics and SCC-DFT Tight Binding Simulations. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083545. [PMID: 37110779 PMCID: PMC10141362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of corrosion inhibitors with outstanding performance is a never-ending and complex process engaged in by researchers, engineers and practitioners. The computational assessment of organic corrosion inhibitors' performance is a crucial step towards the design of new task-specific materials. Herein, the electronic features, adsorption characteristics and bonding mechanisms of two pyridine oximes, namely 2-pyridylaldoxime (2POH) and 3-pyridylaldoxime (3POH), with the iron surface were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD), and self-consistent-charge density-functional tight-binding (SCC-DFTB) simulations. SCC-DFTB simulations revealed that the 3POH molecule can form covalent bonds with iron atoms in its neutral and protonated states, while the 2POH molecule can only bond with iron through its protonated form, resulting in interaction energies of -2.534, -2.007, -1.897, and -0.007 eV for 3POH, 3POH+, 2POH+, and 2POH, respectively. Projected density of states (PDOSs) analysis of pyridines-Fe(110) interactions indicated that pyridine molecules were chemically adsorbed on the iron surface. Quantum chemical calculations (QCCs) revealed that the energy gap and Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) principles were efficient in predicting the bonding trend of the molecules investigated with an iron surface. 3POH had the lowest energy gap of 1.706 eV, followed by 3POH+ (2.806 eV), 2POH+ (3.121 eV), and 2POH (3.431 eV). In the presence of a simulated solution, MD simulation showed that the neutral and protonated forms of molecules exhibited a parallel adsorption mode on an iron surface. The excellent adsorption properties and corrosion inhibition performance of 3POH may be attributed to its low stability compared to 2POH molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Lgaz
- Innovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Lee
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, San-grok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Savaş Kaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Services Vocational School, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Rachid Salghi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Applied Science National School (ENSA), University Ibn Zohr, P.O. Box 1136, Agadir 80000, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Génie Industriel, de l'Énergétique et de l'Environnement (LGI2E), SupMTI, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Sobhy M Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Chafiq
- Materials Electrochemistry Group, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Lahcen Bazzi
- Laboratoire de Génie Industriel, de l'Énergétique et de l'Environnement (LGI2E), SupMTI, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Young Gun Ko
- Materials Electrochemistry Group, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Shah NZ, Avula SK, Karim N, Islam NU, El-Saber Batiha G, Muhsinah AB, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Bio-oriented synthesis of ibuprofen derivatives for enhancement efficacy in post-operative and chronic inflammatory pain models. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12518-12528. [PMID: 37091596 PMCID: PMC10120854 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01385e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of post-operative, chronic inflammatory pain and any gastroulcerogenic potential using well-established animal models in vivo with new structures, high efficiency, broad-spectrum, and low toxicity has been the focus of medicinal chemists. In the present article, we are reporting the design and synthesis of various derivatives of ibuprofen by modifying the carboxyl group of ibuprofen using three steps reactions; esterification under microwave-irradiation in 10 minutes, hydrazide formation, and finally schiff's base reaction. Microwave-assisted esterification reaction can be employed to quickly explore and increase molecular diversity in synthetic chemistry. All of the newly synthesized compounds (NS1-NS4) were characterized by 1H-, 13C-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopy and evaluated for post-operative, chronic inflammatory pain and any gastroulcerogenic potential using well-established animal models in vivo. The synthesized compounds at the tested doses of 100 and 150 mg kg-1 significantly attenuated the incisional-injury induced post-operative pain like condition and, also inhibited the phologistic agent induced inflammatory responses in both the acute and chronic testing paradigms. The gastric histological and biochemical parameters exhibited that the synthesized compounds were devoid of any ulcerogenic potential in comparison to aspirin and ibuprofen. These findings concluded that the synthesized ibuprofen derivatives exhibited profound analgesic, anti-inflammatory properties with reduced ulcerogenic potential and might be considered as effective therapeutic agents to treat pathological conditions associated with pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Zamin Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Chakdara 18800 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P. O. Box-33, Birkat Al-Mauz Postal Code-616 Nizwa Oman
| | - Nasiara Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Chakdara 18800 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar 25120 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Nazar Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University Da-manhour 22511 AlBeheira Egypt
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Abha 61441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P. O. Box-33, Birkat Al-Mauz Postal Code-616 Nizwa Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa P. O. Box-33, Birkat Al-Mauz Postal Code-616 Nizwa Oman
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En-Nylly M, Skal S, El aoufir Y, Lgaz H, Adnin RJ, Alrashdi AA, Bellaouchou A, Al-Hadeethi M, Benali O, Guedira T, Lee HS, Kaya S, Ibrahim S. Performance evaluation and assessment of the corrosion inhibition mechanism of carbon steel in HCl medium by a new hydrazone compound: Insights from experimental, DFT and first-principles DFT simulations. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
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Exploring the feasibility of new eco-friendly heterocyclic compounds for establishing efficient corrosion protection for N80 steel in a simulated oil well acidizing environment: From molecular-level prediction to experimental validation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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El-Haitout B, Hejjaj C, Lgaz H, Al-Hadeethi MR, Ali OM, Lee HS, Ali IH, Salghi R. Superior Long-Term Corrosion Inhibition of N80 Steel by New Eco-friendly Hydrazone-Based Compounds in a Simulated Oil Well Acidizing Environment: Establishing the Mechanism at the Molecular Level. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15937-15949. [PMID: 36512730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The acid treatment process of production wells is one of the most acid-induced corrosive processes. Corrosion inhibitors are an effective tool to inhibit the acids employed in acidizing treatments. Herein, new eco-friendly hydrazone-based compounds, namely, 2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-N-((1E,2E)-3-phenylallylidene) propanehydrazide (IPP) and N'-cyclohexylidene-2-[4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl] propanehydrazide (CIP), were prepared through the functionalization of ibuprofen (IBF) and applied for corrosion mitigation of N80 steel in 15 wt % HCl (referred to hereafter as blank). The anticorrosion performance of selected compounds was investigated by employing weight loss (WL), potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPCs), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. In addition, density functional theory-based tight-binding (DFTB) modeling was conducted to get molecular-level insights into inhibitor-metal bonding. Experimental results revealed excellent long-term corrosion inhibition efficiency at very low concentrations of inhibitors and a mixed-type inhibition process. Numerically, N80 steel polarization resistance increased from 5.51 Ω cm2 in blank to 608.4 and 396 Ω cm2 in blank inhibited with 5 × 10-3 mol/L of IPP and CIP, respectively, equivalent to 99% and 98% inhibition efficiency based on EIS experiments. Besides, SEM and AFM images showed that, after addition to 15 wt % HCl, inhibitors could effectively prevent the acid attack on the N80 steel surface. The fitting of experimental data to adsorption isotherms indicated that inhibitors' adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model and mixed physicochemical adsorption on the metal surface. The DFTB simulation revealed that inhibitor molecules can create covalent and physical interactions with iron atoms, which is further confirmed by partial density of states (PDOSs) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr El-Haitout
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, ENSA, University Ibn Zohr, PO Box1136, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Chaymae Hejjaj
- Materials Science, Energy and Nano-engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Hassane Lgaz
- Innovative Durable Building and Infrastructure Research Center, Center for Creative Convergence Education, Hanyang University ERICA, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do15588, Korea
| | - Mustafa R Al-Hadeethi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk36001, Iraq
| | - Omeed Maroof Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk36001, Iraq
| | - Han-Seung Lee
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, 1271 Sa 3-dong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan15588, Korea
| | - Ismat H Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachid Salghi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, ENSA, University Ibn Zohr, PO Box1136, Agadir, Morocco
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Damej M, Molhi A, Lgaz H, Hsissou R, Aslam J, Benmessaoud M, Rezki N, Lee HS, Lee DE. Performance and interaction mechanism of a new highly efficient benzimidazole-based epoxy resin for corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in HCl: A study based on experimental and first-principles DFTB simulations. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Cherrak K, Khamaysa O, Bidi H, Massaoudi ME, Ali IA, Radi S, El Ouadi Y, El-Hajjaji F, Zarrouk A, Dafali A. Performance evaluation of newly synthetized bi-pyrazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid environment. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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