Adsorption behavior and solvent effects of an adamantane-triazole derivative on metal clusters – DFT simulation studies

SERS analysis, DFT, and solution effects regarding the structural and optical characteristics of folic acid biomolecule adsorbed on a Cu3 metal cluster

The optical characteristics of folic acid (ABP) and metal clusters of copper (Cu3) at various locations were investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) computations. Mulliken charge analysis and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface show how charge moves from Cu3 to ABP through the various groups. The peak in the UV-Vis spectra of ABP-Cu3 is caused by bonding and anti-bonding orbitals. In both vacuum and aqueous conditions, the polarizability values of ABP-Cu3 cluster are significantly higher than those of pure ABP, indicating a possible enhancement of the nonlinear optical (NLO) effect. Our research investigates the possibility of using ABP adsorbed metal clusters for NLO materials. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the ABP adsorbed metal clusters enhances the vibrational modes of ABP. Adsorption energies are found to be in the range -17.08 to -58.52 kcal/mol in vacuum and -53.34 to -93.44 kcal/mol in aqueous medium for the different configurations for ABP-Cu3. It indicates that metal clusters adsorbed by ABP are stable in the aqueous media. Experimental IR and UV-Vis of ABP is in agreement with theoretically predicted ones.

A Zn-based metal coordination cluster Zn5 used for solid phase microextraction of ten phenolic compounds from water and soil

Exploring coating materials with superior extraction efficiency has always been the pursuit in the field of solid phase microextraction (SPME). Metal coordination clusters with high thermal and chemical stability, abundant functional groups as active adsorption site are the promising coatings. In the study, a Zn₅(H₂Lⁿ)₆(NO₃)₄ (Zn₅, H₃Lⁿ =(1,2-bis-(benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-ethenol) cluster coating was prepared and applied for SPME of ten phenols. Zn₅ based SPME fiber exhibited high extraction efficiencies for phenols in headspace (HS) mode, which circumvented the pollution of SPME fiber. The adsorption isotherm and theoretical calculation indicated the adsorption mechanism of phenols on Zn₅ was hydrophobic interaction, H-bond interaction and π-π stacking. Under the optimized extraction conditions, an HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS method was developed for the determination of ten phenols in water and soil samples. For ten phenolic compounds in water and soil samples, the linear ranges were 0.5-5000 ng/L and 0.5-250 ng/g, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) were 0.010-1.20 ng/L and 0.0048-0.16 ng/g, respectively. The precisions of single fiber and fiber-to-fiber were lower than 9.0% and 14.1%, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the detection of ten phenolic compounds in various water and soil samples, showing satisfactory recovery (72.1-118.8%). This study delivered a novel and efficient SPME coating material for the extraction of phenols.

Novel Benzimidazole Derived Imine Ligand and Its Co(III) and Cu(II) Complexes as Anticancer Agents: Chemical Synthesis, DFT Studies, In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Investigations

The emerging interest in the field of coordination chemistry and their biological applications has created a novel impact in the field of chemical biology. With this motivation, in this work we have synthesized a novel benzimidazole derived imine ligand, 2-((E)-((1H-benzo[d]-2-yl)methylimino)methyl)-4-fluorophenol (HBMF) and its Co(III) and Cu(II) complexes. The metal complexes (C1-C4) were synthesized in 2:1 (HBMF: metal ion) and 1:1:1 (HBMF: metal ion: 1,10-phen) ratios. Structural elucidations of all the synthesized compounds were performed using FT-IR, UV-Visible, NMR, Mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. A combination of first principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations was applied to computationally investigate the structural, reactive, and spectroscopic properties of the newly synthesized HBMF ligand and its complexes with copper and cobalt metal ions. Quantum-mechanical calculations in this study were based on the density functional theory (DFT), while molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were based on the OPLS4 force field. The DFT calculations were used to obtain the reactive and spectroscopic properties of the ligand and its complexes, while molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to address the ligand's reactivity with water. Further, the in vitro anti-proliferative activity of the compounds was tested against the A549, Ehrlich-Lettre ascites carcinoma (EAC), SIHA and NIH3T3 cell lines. The biological results depicted that the compound C4, with molecular formula C27H23Cl2CoFN5O3 exhibited profound anti-proliferative activity against the EAC cell line with a significant IC50 value of 10 µm when compared to its parent ligand and other remaining metal complexes under study. Various assays of hematological parameters (alkaline phosphate, creatinine, urea, RBC and WBC) were performed, and significant results were obtained from the experiments. Furthermore, the effect of C4 on neovascularization was evaluated by stimulating the angiogenesis with rVEGF165, which was compared with non-tumor models. The EAC cells were cultured in vivo and administrated with 50 and 75 mg/kg of two doses and tumor parameters were evaluated.

DFT investigations on conformational analysis, solvation effects, reactivity studies, chemical descriptors and docking of two anti‐cancerous drugs, Lenvatinib and Regorafenib

Two anticancer drugs, lenvatinib (LNTB) and regorafenib (RGFB) are evaluated for their solvent effects, wavefunction reactivity properties and different chemical descriptors by means of theoretical methods. Potential energy surface scan studies about all possible rotable bonds are performed and lowest energy conformations of LNTB and RGFB are for the torsion angles C25‐C24‐C29‐N9 and C25‐N10‐C15‐C21. Reactive sites are O and N, H atoms, giving nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks for both the molecules. Solvation free energies are calculated in different solvents and all solvents are suitble except heptane. Electron densities of LNTB and RGFB show that closed‐shell interactions are in different regions. The intramolecular hydrogen bonds of the compounds LNTB and RGFB are found at O2‐H38, Cl1‐H37 & O5‐H47 and F2‐H38, N11‐H45, O7‐H35 & O7‐H37, respectively. Due to anticancer activities, LNTB and RGFB are docked with different proteins which give binding affinities from ‐8.4 to ‐10.5 for RGFB and ‐7.9 to ‐10.1 kcal/mol for LNTB.

Comprehensive Study of the Chemistry behind the Stability of Carboxylic SWCNT Dispersions in the Development of a Transparent Electrode

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are well-known for their excellent electrical conductivity. One promising application for SWCNT-based thin films is as transparent electrodes for uncooled mid-IR detectors (MIR). In this paper, a combination of computational and experimental studies were performed to understand the chemistry behind the stability of carboxylic SWCNTs (SWCNTs-COOH) dispersions in different solvents. A computational study based on the density functional tight-binding (DFTB) method was applied to understand the interactions of COOH-functionalized carbon nanotubes with selected solvents. Attention was focused on understanding how the protonation of COOH groups influences the binding energies between SWCNTs and different solvents. Thin film electrodes were prepared by alternately depositing PEI and SWCNT-COOH on soda lime glass substrates. To prepare a stable SWCNT dispersion, different solvents were tested, such as deionized (DI) water, ethanol and acetone. The SWCNT-COOH dispersion stability was tested in different solvents. Samples were prepared to study the relationship between the number of depositions, transparency in the MIR range (2.5–5 µm) and conductivity, looking for the optimal thickness that would satisfy the application. The MIR transparency of the electrode was reduced by 20% for the thickest SWCNT layers, whereas sheet resistance values were reduced to 150–200 kΩ/sq.

DFT analysis of valproic acid adsorption onto Al12/B12-N12/P12 nanocages with solvent effects

Using density functional theory, the adsorption of valproic acid onto the surface of fullerene-like nanocages was investigated. Valproic acid interacts with the nanocages through the carboxylic group with energies of - 144.14, - 109.71, - 105.22, and - 84.96 kcal/mol. The frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy levels were considerably altered upon adsorption, resulting in a reduction in energy gap and increase in electrical conductivity. This suggests that nanocages could be used as sensors as well as options for drug administration in biological systems. Solvation effects in water are also reported.