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Nazar M, Ul Hassan Shah M, Ahmad A, Goto M, Zaireen Nisa Yahya W, Moniruzzaman M. Aggregation, toxicity, and biodegradability study of an ionic liquid-based formulation for effective oil spill remediation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140412. [PMID: 37827466 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical dispersants are extensively used for marine oil spill remediation. However, the increased toxicity and low biodegradability of these dispersants restrict their employment in the marine environment. Hence, in this work, we have developed an eco-friendly formulation composed of an ionic liquid,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium lauroyl sarcosinate [BMIM][Lausar] and sorbitan monooleate (Span) 80. Micellar and interfacial parameters, dispersion effectiveness, as well as the toxicity and biodegradability of the developed formulation were investigated. Micellar properties confirmed a high degree of synergism among the surfactant molecules and the formation of stable micelle. The dispersion effectiveness, at dispersant-to-oil ratio (DOR) of 1:25 (v/v), against three crude oils (Arab, Ratawi, and Doba) was assessed. We achieved a dispersion effectiveness of 68.49%, 74.05%, and 83.43% for Ratawi, Doba, and Arab crude oil, respectively, using a 70:30 (w/w) ratio of Span 80 to [BMIM][Lausar]. Furthermore, the results obtained from optical microscopy and particle size analysis (PSA) indicated that the oil droplet size decreased with higher DOR. Additionally, acute toxicity experiments were conducted on zebrafish (Danio rerio) using the developed formulation, confirming its non-toxic behavior, with LC50 values of 800 mg/L after 96 h. The formulation also exhibited high biodegradability, with only 25.01% of the original quantity remaining after 28 days. Hence, these results suggest that the new formulation has the potential to be a highly effective and environmentally friendly dispersant for oil spill remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masooma Nazar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744, Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819- 0395, Japan
| | - Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Center of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Center of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
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Mixed micellar systems — efficient nanocontainers for the delivery of hydrophobic substrates. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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