Alghaith AF, Mahdi WA, Haq N, Alshehri S, Shakeel F. Solubility and Thermodynamic Properties of Febuxostat in Various (PEG 400 + Water) Mixtures.
MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022;
15:7318. [PMID:
36295383 PMCID:
PMC9607168 DOI:
10.3390/ma15207318]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The solubility of the poorly soluble medicine febuxostat (FXT) (3) in various {polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) (1) + water (H2O) (2)} mixtures has been examined at 298.2-318.2 K and 101.1 kPa. FXT solubility was measured using an isothermal method and correlated with "van't Hoff, Apelblat, Buchowski-Ksiazczak λh, Yalkowsky-Roseman, Jouyban-Acree, and Jouyban-Acree-van't Hoff models". FXT mole fraction solubility was enhanced via an increase in temperature and PEG 400 mass fraction in {(PEG 400 (1) + H2O (2)} mixtures. Neat PEG 400 showed the highest mole fraction solubility of FXT (3.11 × 10-2 at 318.2 K), while neat H2O had the lowest (1.91 × 10-7 at 298.2 K). The overall error value was less than 6.0% for each computational model, indicating good correlations. Based on the positive values of apparent standard enthalpies (46.72-70.30 kJ mol-1) and apparent standard entropies (106.4-118.5 J mol-1 K-1), the dissolution of FXT was "endothermic and entropy-driven" in all {PEG 400 (1) + H2O (2)} mixtures examined. The main mechanism for FXT solvation in {PEG 400 (1) + H2O (2)} mixtures was discovered to be an enthalpy-driven process. In comparison to FXT-H2O, FXT-PEG 400 showed the strongest molecular interactions. In conclusion, these results suggested that PEG 400 has considerable potential for solubilizing a poorly soluble FXT in H2O.
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