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Yan H, Zou C. [Use of Trichosanthis fructus and the core drug pair Trichosanthis fructus- Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma in traditional Chinese prescriptions: molecular mechanisms in network pharmacology and molecular docking]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:173-183. [PMID: 33624589 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the rationale for use of Trichosanthis fructus in traditional Chinese prescriptions and explore the molecular mechanism of the core drug pair Trichosanthis fructus-Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma for treatment of phlegm syndrome diseases. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the cumulative frequency of the use of Trichosanthis fructus in traditional Chinese prescriptions and the disease spectrum treated using the prescriptions containing Trichosanthis fructus. We searched TCMSP database for the chemical components of Trichosanthis fructus and Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma and explored their target proteins using Swiss Target Prediction database. We also searched the CooLGeN and GeneCards databases for the potential disease target proteins using the key words "phlegm syndrome". The chemical component-target protein-signal pathway network was constructed using DAVID database to analyze the molecular mechanism of Trichosanthis fructus-Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma drug pair for treatment of phlegm syndrome diseases, and the result was verified by molecular docking technology. OBJECTIVE A total of 1700 prescriptions containing Trichosanthis fructus were retrieved, which were used for treatment of 28 diseases. Phlegm syndrome was the most frequent among the 28 diseases (14.0%). The Trichosanthis fructus-Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma drug pair had a cumulative frequency of 113 for use in treatment of phlegm diseases, and was the core drug pair in prescriptions containing Trichosanthis fructus. Fifty-two chemical components related to phlegm syndrome diseases were identified in the drug pair (9 in Trichosanthis fructus and 43 in Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma), and their therapeutic effects were mediated by a total of 41 target proteins involving the cancer pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and another 17 signal pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that 40 chemical components docking with 10 target protein molecules had total scores greater than 5. OBJECTIVE The different formulations of Trichosanthis fructus containing prescriptions serve different therapeutic purposes. The mechanisms of the Trichosanthis fructus-Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma drug pair for treatment of phlegm syndrome diseases involve multiple pathways for regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - C Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Wen Q, Xiong W, He J, Zhang S, Du X, Liu S, Wang J, Zhou M, Ma L. Fusion cytokine IL-2-GMCSF enhances anticancer immune responses through promoting cell-cell interactions. J Transl Med 2016; 14:41. [PMID: 26850448 PMCID: PMC4743407 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Potent antitumor responses can be induced through cytokine immunotherapy. Interleukin (IL)-2 and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are among the most effective cytokines to induce tumor-specific systemic immune responses and can act synergistically. To overcome the limitations of combined use of these two cytokines, we have constructed an IL2-GMCSF fusion protein and characterized its antitumor effects in this study. Methods The expression of IL-2 receptor and GM-CSF receptor of cell lines were detected with quantitative real-time PCR. On this basis, the bioactivities of IL2-GMCSF, especially effects on DC2.4 cells were assayed. Another function of IL2-GMCSF—bridge two types of cells—was assessed by cell contact counting and cytotoxicity assays. The anti-tumor activity in vivo of IL2-GMCSF was evaluated in the melanoma model. The statistical significance among treatment groups were determined by One-Way ANOVA. Results The fusion protein IL2-GMCSF maintained the activities of IL-2 and GM-CSF, and could significantly promote DC2.4 cell activities, including phagocytosis, proliferation and cytokine secretion. In addition to the inherent cytokine activity, IL2-GMCSF bridges direct cell–cell interactions and enhances splenocyte killing efficacy against multiple tumor cell lines in vitro. Co-injection of IL2-GMCSF and inactivated B16F10 mouse melanoma cells induced complete immunoprotective responses in about 30 % of mice. Conclusion These results suggested that IL2-GMCSF can efficiently regulate immune responses against tumors. Furthermore, as the bridging effect relies on both IL-2R and GM-CSFR and promotes interactions between immune and tumor cells, IL2-GMCSF may be utilized as a useful tool for dissecting specific immune responses for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, #1838, Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, #1838, Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Jianchun He
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, #1838, Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Shimeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, #1838, Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Xialin Du
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, #1838, Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Sudong Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, #1838, Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, #1838, Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Mingqian Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, #1838, Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, #1838, Northern Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, Peoples' Republic of China.
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Mullen L, Adams G, Layward L, Vessillier S, Annenkov A, Mittal G, Rigby A, Sclanders M, Baker D, Gould D, Chernajovsky Y. Latent cytokines for targeted therapy of inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 11:101-10. [PMID: 24294995 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.863872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of cytokines as therapeutic agents is important, given their potent biological effects. However, this very potency, coupled with the pleiotropic nature and short half-life of these molecules, has limited their therapeutic use. Strategies to increase the half-life and to decrease toxicity are necessary to allow effective treatment with these molecules. AREAS COVERED A number of strategies are used to overcome the natural limitations of cytokines, including PEGylation, encapsulation in liposomes, fusion to targeting peptides or antibodies and latent cytokines. Latent cytokines are engineered using the latency-associated peptide of transforming growth factor-β to produce therapeutic cytokines/peptides that are released only at the site of disease by cleavage with disease-induced matrix metalloproteinases. The principles underlying the latent cytokine technology are described and are compared to other methods of cytokine delivery. The potential of this technology for developing novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diseases with an inflammatory-mediated component is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Methods of therapeutic cytokine delivery are addressed. The latent cytokine technology holds significant advantages over other methods of drug delivery by providing simultaneously increased half-life and localised drug delivery without systemic effects. Cytokines that failed clinical trials should be reassessed using this delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mullen
- Queen Mary University of London, William Harvey Research Institute, Bone and Joint Research Unit, Barts and The London Medical School , Charterhouse Square , London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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Mullen L, Rigby A, Sclanders M, Adams G, Mittal G, Colston J, Fatah R, Subang C, Foster J, Francis-West P, Köster M, Hauser H, Layward L, Vessillier S, Annenkov A, Al-Izki S, Pryce G, Bolton C, Baker D, Gould DJ, Chernajovsky Y. Latency can be conferred to a variety of cytokines by fusion with latency-associated peptide from TGF-β. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 11:5-16. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.839655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dey SK, Sistiabudi R. Ceramic nanovector based on layered double hydroxide: attributes, physiologically relevant compositions and surface activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/143307507x225579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Demotes-Mainard J, Canet E, Segard L. Public-private partnership models in France and in Europe. Therapie 2006; 61:325-34, 313-23. [PMID: 17124948 DOI: 10.2515/therapie:2006059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The workshop entitled "Public-Private partnerships models in Europe-- comparison between France and European countries" brought together representatives of academia and industry, of national or European health research programs, of regional or national public-private partnership (PPP) initiatives, and of biotechnology with the following objectives: sharing a common vision on the needs, expectations and challenges of public-private partnership, based on the analysis of actual and original cases, and of new initiatives on public-private partnership, drawing conclusions and identifying key success factors, identifying trails for progress and drawing recommendations. The major event in this field is a European public-private partnership initiative between pharmaceutical industry (European Federation of Pharmaceultical Industry and Associations, EFPIA) and the European Commission (DG Research--health priority) resulting in the European Technology Platform project "Innovative Medicines Initiative" (IMI). Its architecture is based on the identification of the main bottlenecks to the development of innovative treatments (predictive pharmacology and toxicology, identification and validation of biomarkers, patients' recruitment, risk evaluation, and cooperation with the regulatory authorities). Simultaneously, initiatives both at the national and regional levels also foster PPP in the therapeutic field. Regional competitivity clusters acting in the biomedical sector, and national PPP calls such as the ANR (National Research Agency) RIB (Research and Innovation in Biotechnology) call are incentives for PPP projects. These regional and national PPP levels help public and private partners to further build consortia able to compete for EU-level calls, thus acting as incubators for EU PPP projects. In spite of incentives and of the regional and national structuring of PPP, weaknesses in the French system are linked to its fragmentation--multiple transfer agencies, multiple research organisations (operator or funding agency)--making contracts more difficult. This requires a simplified organisation, with a single referent per area (health, technology...). Improvement may also result from adaptation in the carreer, recruitment and mobility, from support to scientists in the management of projects, and from consistent support (without maintaining them artificially alive) to emerging companies from concept through clinical development. Pathways have been proposed to improve the efficiency of clinical research in France and Europe, involving the public hospital sector, and this requires the connection of disease-oriented networks and integrated infrastructures in Europe. As stated in the IMI strategic research agenda on efficacy, the quality of public infrastructures in Europe will be a key factor for its competitiveness and attractiveness for both academic and industry projects.
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Demotes-Mainard J, Canet E, Segard L, Allain H, Amédée-Manesme O, Aymé S, Boubekeur K, Chabrier PE, Clément B, Collet JP, Deregnaucourt J, Habert Ortoli E, Halioua E, Hamelin B, Juillet Y, Lacombe D, Lassale C, Longuet M, Pletan Y, Vasmant D, Vincent C. Modèles de partenariats Public-Privé en France et en Europe. Therapie 2006; 61:313-23. [DOI: 10.2515/therapie:2006058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The successful use of biologicals in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis has had a major impact on the management of these conditions. The challenge in the development of gene therapy as an alternative to these current treatments is to demonstrate that such therapy is more advantageous for patients from the therapeutic and safety points of view. Also, it will need to be demonstrated that gene therapy for the arthritides is economically feasible and that patient populations worldwide will be able to access these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuti Chernajovsky
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, London, UK.
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Sanz L, Cuesta AM, Compte M, Alvarez-Vallina L. Antibody engineering: facing new challenges in cancer therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2005; 26:641-8. [PMID: 15916728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2005.00135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics are beginning to realize the promise enclosed in their early denomination as magic bullets. Initial disappointment has turned into clinical and commercial success, and engineered antibodies currently represent over 30% of biopharmaceuticals in clinical trials. Recent structural and functional data have allowed the design of a new generation of therapeutic antibodies, with strategies ranging from complement-mediated and antibody-dependant cellular cytotoxicity enhancement to improved cytotoxic payloads using toxins, drugs, radionucleids and viral delivery. This review considers the structure of different types of recombinant antibodies, their mechanism of action and how their efficacy has been increased using a broad array of approaches. We will also focus on the additional benefits offered by the use of gene therapy methods for the in vivo production of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanz
- Servicio de Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.
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Dumont FJ. Interleukin-2 family cytokines: potential for therapeutic immmunoregulation. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.5.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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