1
|
Fiorucci S, Urbani G, Di Giorgio C, Biagioli M, Distrutti E. Current Landscape and Evolving Therapies for Primary Biliary Cholangitis. Cells 2024; 13:1580. [PMID: 39329760 PMCID: PMC11429758 DOI: 10.3390/cells13181580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disorder characterized by progressive cholestatic that, if untreated, can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver decompensation requiring liver transplant. Although the pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial, there is a consensus that individuals with a genetic predisposition develop the disease in the presence of specific environmental triggers. A dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota is increasingly considered among the potential pathogenic factors. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts, are the main target of a dysregulated immune response, and cholangiocytes senescence has been recognized as a driving mechanism, leading to impaired bile duct function, in disease progression. Bile acids are also recognized as playing an important role, both in disease development and therapy. Thus, while bile acid-based therapies, specifically ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid, have been the cornerstone of therapy in PBC, novel therapeutic approaches have been developed in recent years. In this review, we will examine published and ongoing clinical trials in PBC, including the recently approved peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, elafibranor and seladelpar. These novel second-line therapies are expected to improve therapy in PBC and the development of personalized approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.U.); (C.D.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Ginevra Urbani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.U.); (C.D.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Cristina Di Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.U.); (C.D.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (G.U.); (C.D.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qu F, Zheng W. Cadmium Exposure: Mechanisms and Pathways of Toxicity and Implications for Human Health. TOXICS 2024; 12:388. [PMID: 38922068 PMCID: PMC11209188 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a prevalent environmental contaminant, exerts widespread toxic effects on human health through various biochemical and molecular mechanisms. This review encapsulates the primary pathways through which Cd inflicts damage, including oxidative stress induction, disruption of Ca2+ signaling, interference with cellular signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications. By detailing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of Cd, alongside its interactions with cellular components such as mitochondria and DNA, this paper highlights the extensive damage caused by Cd2+ at the cellular and tissue levels. The role of Cd in inducing oxidative stress-a pivotal mechanism behind its toxicity-is discussed with emphasis on how it disrupts the balance between oxidants and antioxidants, leading to cellular damage and apoptosis. Additionally, the review covers Cd's impact on signaling pathways like Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK), Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and Tumor Protein 53 (p53) pathways, illustrating how its interference with these pathways contributes to pathological conditions and carcinogenesis. The epigenetic effects of Cd, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, are also explored to explain its long-term impact on gene expression and disease manifestation. This comprehensive analysis not only elucidates the mechanisms of Cd toxicity but also underscores the critical need for enhanced strategies to mitigate its public health implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qu
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Center for Water and Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pashootan P, Saadati F, Fahimi H, Rahmati M, Strippoli R, Zarrabi A, Cordani M, Moosavi MA. Metal-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy: Exploring photodynamic therapy and its interplay with regulated cell death pathways. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123622. [PMID: 37989403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a non-invasive treatment strategy currently utilized in the clinical management of selected cancers and infections. This technique is predicated on the administration of a photosensitizer (PS) and subsequent irradiation with light of specific wavelengths, thereby generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within targeted cells. The cellular effects of PDT are dependent on both the localization of the PS and the severity of ROS challenge, potentially leading to the stimulation of various cell death modalities. For many years, the concept of regulated cell death (RCD) triggered by photodynamic reactions predominantly encompassed apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. However, in recent decades, further explorations have unveiled additional cell death modalities, such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, and immunogenic cell death (ICD), which helps to achieve tumor cell elimination. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated substantial advantages over traditional PSs and become important components of PDT, due to their improved physicochemical properties, such as enhanced solubility and superior specificity for targeted cells. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in the applications of different metal-based NPs as PSs or delivery systems for optimized PDT in cancer treatment. Furthermore, it mechanistically highlights the contribution of RCD pathways during PDT with metal NPs and how these forms of cell death can improve specific PDT regimens in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parya Pashootan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saadati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey; Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, India
| | - Marco Cordani
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan H, Wu W, Hu Y, Li J, Xu J, Chen X, Xu Z, Yang X, Yang B, He Q, Luo P. Regorafenib inhibits EphA2 phosphorylation and leads to liver damage via the ERK/MDM2/p53 axis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2756. [PMID: 37179400 PMCID: PMC10182995 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38430-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatotoxicity of regorafenib is one of the most noteworthy concerns for patients, however the mechanism is poorly understood. Hence, there is a lack of effective intervention strategies. Here, by comparing the target with sorafenib, we show that regorafenib-induced liver injury is mainly due to its nontherapeutic target Eph receptor A2 (EphA2). EphA2 deficiency attenuated liver damage and cell apoptosis under regorafenib treatment in male mice. Mechanistically, regorafenib inhibits EphA2 Ser897 phosphorylation and reduces ubiquitination of p53 by altering the intracellular localization of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) by affecting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/MDM2 axis. Meanwhile, we found that schisandrin C, which can upregulate the phosphorylation of EphA2 at Ser897 also has protective effect against the toxicity in vivo. Collectively, our findings identify the inhibition of EphA2 Ser897 phosphorylation as a key cause of regorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity, and chemical activation of EphA2 Ser897 represents a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent regorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wentong Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuhuai Hu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiangxin Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310002, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaochun Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cebeci E, Yüksel B, Şahin F. Anti-cancer effect of boron derivatives on small-cell lung cancer. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 70:126923. [PMID: 35007916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-cancer activity of boron has been reported. Although many boron derivatives such as boric acid (BA) have been discovered to have anticancer effects, there are many boron derivatives whose anticancer effects have not yet been discovered. Some of these include sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB), which has had limited research on its anticancer effects, and sodium perborate tetrahydrate (SPT), whose anticancer effect has yet to be discovered. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of boric acid (BA), sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB), and sodium perborate tetrahydrate (SPT) against small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line DMS-114 cells in vitro. METHODS EC50 concentrations and effects of BA, NaB, and SPT on cell survival were detected with an MTS assay. The colony-forming unit (CFU) assay was used to assess their effects on cell colony formation capability. Their effects on apoptosis were determined by an Annexin-V assay. A cell cycle analysis was performed to understand at what phase the cell cycle is arrested. Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and tumor suppressor genes. Western blotting was used to determine the protein levels of p53 and Caspase 3. RESULTS The survival rates of DMS-114 cells decreased with BA, NaB and SPT after 72 h of treatment and the EC50 concentrations of DMS-114 and MRC-5 cells differed 5.5-fold in BA treatment, 5,2-fold in NaB treatment and 10-fold in SPT treatment. Colony unit numbers were decreased from 350 to 128, from 320 to 95, and from 430 to 96 in the BA, NaB, and SPT treatment groups, respectively. The apoptosis increased by 10, 19, and 42 percent after treatment with BA, NaB, and SPT for 72 h, respectively. Following 72 h of treatment with BA, NaB, and SPT, some pro-apoptotic and tumor suppressor genes were upregulated and some anti-apoptotic genes were downregulated. Cell cycle arrests were detected at the G2/M phase in the BA, and NaB treatment groups and at the Sub-G1 phase in the SPT treatment group. The protein levels of P53 and Caspase 3 increased with BA, NaB and SPT treatment for 72 h. CONCLUSIONS BA, NaB and SPT show anti-cancer activity in the DMS-114 cell line without damaging MRC-5 cells, and some of the molecular mechanisms are involved in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Cebeci
- Yeditepe University, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Yüksel
- Yeditepe University, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Yeditepe University, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Villa-Jaimes GS, Aguilar-Mora FA, González-Ponce HA, Avelar-González FJ, Martínez Saldaña MC, Buist-Homan M, Moshage H. Biocomponents from Opuntia robusta and Opuntia streptacantha fruits protect against diclofenac-induced acute liver damage in vivo and in vitro. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
7
|
Wang Z, Li M, Liu Y, Qiao Z, Bai T, Yang L, Liu B. Dihydroartemisinin triggers ferroptosis in primary liver cancer cells by promoting and unfolded protein response‑induced upregulation of CHAC1 expression. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:240. [PMID: 34558645 PMCID: PMC8485000 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an artemisinin derivate, has been investigated as a potential antitumor drug in primary liver cancer (PLC). Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent cell death that can be driven by lipid peroxidation inducers. The present study aimed to determine whether and how DHA could promote the death of PLC cells by inducing ferroptosis. In total, four PLC cell lines with different p53 statuses, including Hep3B (p53 null), Huh7 (p53 mutant), PLC/PRF/5 (p53 mutant) and HepG2 (p53 wild-type), were treated with various concentrations of DHA. The effects of DHA on all three branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR) were evaluated. To deactivate the UPRs, small interfering RNA was used to knockdown the expression of activating transcription factor (ATF)4, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) or ATF6 in PLC cells. The effect of DHA on the promoter activity of Chac glutathione specific γ-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1) was evaluated using a dual luciferase reporter assay. The results revealed that DHA-induced death in PLC cells was irrelevant of the p53 status. PLC cells exposed to DHA displayed classic features of ferroptosis, such as increased lipid reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, an iron overload, and decreased activity or expression of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase 4, solute carrier family (SLC) 7 member 11 and SLC family 3 member 2. The antitumor effects of DHA in PLC cells were significantly weakened by two typical ferroptosis inhibitors, ferrostatin-1 and deferoxamine mesylate salt, whereas the antitumor effects were augmented following iron overload. Furthermore, DHA activated all three branches of the UPR (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α kinase 3/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A/ATF4, inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease 1α/XBP1 and ATF6 branches) in vitro. Notably, DHA-induced ferroptosis was significantly attenuated following the knockdown of ATF4, XBP1 or ATF6 expression. In addition, the promoter activity of CHAC1, a gene capable of degrading GSH, was enhanced by DHA, but weakened when the aforementioned three UPR transcription factors were knocked down. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that DHA may effectively induce ferroptosis in PLC cells through the activation of anti-survival UPRs and the upregulation of CHAC1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuanfeng Liu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhentao Qiao
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang W, Wang R, Giesy JP, Zhang S, Wei S, Wang P. Proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technology reveals mechanisms of toxic effects of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:190-202. [PMID: 34036598 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is one of the most commonly used organophosphorus flame retardants. Immuno-toxicity induced by TDCIPP is becoming of increasing concern. However, effects of TDCIPP on immune cells and mechanisms resulting in those effects are poorly understood. In this study, it was determined, for the first time, by use of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based proteomic techniques expression of global proteins in RAW264.7 cells exposed to 10 μM TDCIPP. A total of 180 significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. Of these, 127 were up-regulated and 53 were down-regulated. The DEPs associated with toxic effects of TDCIPP were then screened by use of Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes for enrichment analysis. Results showed that these DEPs were involved in a number of pathways including apoptosis, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, immune-toxicity, and signaling pathways, such as the Toll-like receptor, PPAR and p53 signaling pathways. The complex regulatory relationships between different DEPs, which might play an important role in cell death were also observed in the form of a protein-protein interaction network. Meanwhile, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in RAW264.7 cells after TDCIPP treatment was also analyzed, the collapse of the MMP was speculated to play an important role in TDCIPP induced apoptosis. Moreover, some of the important regulator proteins discovered in this study, such as Chk1, Aurora A, would provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in toxic responses to TDCIPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shulin Wei
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
MDM4 inhibition: a novel therapeutic strategy to reactivate p53 in hepatoblastoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2967. [PMID: 33536467 PMCID: PMC7859402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver malignancy. High-risk patients have poor survival, and current chemotherapies are associated with significant toxicities. Targeted therapies are needed to improve outcomes and patient quality of life. Most HB cases are TP53 wild-type; therefore, we hypothesized that targeting the p53 regulator Murine double minute 4 (MDM4) to reactivate p53 signaling may show efficacy. MDM4 expression was elevated in HB patient samples, and increased expression was strongly correlated with decreased expression of p53 target genes. Treatment with NSC207895 (XI-006), which inhibits MDM4 expression, or ATSP-7041, a stapled peptide dual inhibitor of MDM2 and MDM4, showed significant cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects in HB cells. Similar phenotypes were seen with short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated inhibition of MDM4. Both NSC207895 and ATSP-7041 caused significant upregulation of p53 targets in HB cells. Knocking-down TP53 with shRNA or overexpressing MDM4 led to resistance to NSC207895-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting that this phenotype is dependent on the MDM4-p53 axis. MDM4 inhibition also showed efficacy in a murine model of HB with significantly decreased tumor weight and increased apoptosis observed in the treatment group. This study demonstrates that inhibition of MDM4 is efficacious in HB by upregulating p53 tumor suppressor signaling.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cao H, Chen X, Wang Z, Wang L, Xia Q, Zhang W. The role of MDM2-p53 axis dysfunction in the hepatocellular carcinoma transformation. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:53. [PMID: 32595984 PMCID: PMC7305227 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally. The main histological subtype is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is derived from hepatocytes. According to the epidemiologic studies, the most important risk factors of HCC are chronic viral infections (HBV, HCV, and HIV) and metabolic disease (metabolic syndrome). Interestingly, these carcinogenic factors that contributed to HCC are associated with MDM2-p53 axis dysfunction, which presented with inactivation of p53 and overactivation of MDM2 (a transcriptional target and negative regulator of p53). Mechanically, the homeostasis of MDM2-p53 feedback loop plays an important role in controlling the initiation and progression of HCC, which has been found to be dysregulated in HCC tissues. To maintain long-term survival in hepatocytes, hepatitis viruses have lots of ways to destroy the defense strategies of hepatocytes by inducing TP53 mutation and silencing, promoting MDM2 overexpression, accelerating p53 degradation, and stabilizing MDM2. As a result, genetic instability, chronic ER stress, oxidative stress, energy metabolism switch, and abnormalities in antitumor genes can be induced, all of which might promote hepatocytes' transformation into hepatoma cells. In addition, abnormal proliferative hepatocytes and precancerous cells cannot be killed, because of hepatitis viruses-mediated exhaustion of Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and CD4+T cells by disrupting their MDM2-p53 axis. Moreover, inefficiency of hepatic immune response can be further aggravated when hepatitis viruses co-infected with HIV. Unlike with chronic viral infections, MDM2-p53 axis might play a dual role in glucolipid metabolism of hepatocytes, which presented with enhancing glucolipid catabolism, but promoting hepatocyte injury at the early and late stages of glucolipid metabolism disorder. Oxidative stress, fatty degeneration, and abnormal cell growth can be detected in hepatocytes that were suffering from glucolipid metabolism disorder, and all of which could contribute to HCC initiation. In this review, we focus on the current studies of the MDM2-p53 axis in HCC, and specifically discuss the impact of MDM2-p53 axis dysfunction by viral infection and metabolic disease in the transformation of normal hepatocytes into hepatoma cells. We also discuss the therapeutic avenues and potential targets that are being developed to normalize the MDM2-p53 axis in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Putuo People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Liver Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200030 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohammadinejad R, Moosavi MA, Tavakol S, Vardar DÖ, Hosseini A, Rahmati M, Dini L, Hussain S, Mandegary A, Klionsky DJ. Necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic cell fates triggered by nanoparticles. Autophagy 2019; 15:4-33. [PMID: 30160607 PMCID: PMC6287681 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1509171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have gained a rapid increase in use in a variety of applications that pertain to many aspects of human life. The majority of these innovations are centered on medical applications and a range of industrial and environmental uses ranging from electronics to environmental remediation. Despite the advantages of NPs, the knowledge of their toxicological behavior and their interactions with the cellular machinery that determines cell fate is extremely limited. This review is an attempt to summarize and increase our understanding of the mechanistic basis of nanomaterial interactions with the cellular machinery that governs cell fate and activity. We review the mechanisms of NP-induced necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy and potential implications of these pathways in nanomaterial-induced outcomes. Abbreviations: Ag, silver; CdTe, cadmium telluride; CNTs, carbon nanotubes; EC, endothelial cell; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GO, graphene oxide; GSH, glutathione; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; NP, nanoparticle; PEI, polyethylenimine; PVP, polyvinylpyrrolidone; QD, quantum dot; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SiO2, silicon dioxide; SPIONs, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotubes; TiO2, titanium dioxide; USPION, ultra-small super paramagnetic iron oxide; ZnO, zinc oxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Deniz Özkan Vardar
- Sungurlu Vocational High School, Health Programs, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Genetic depletion of p53 attenuates cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Biochimie 2018; 158:53-61. [PMID: 30576773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine, an addictive drug, is known to induce hepatotoxicity via oxidative damage and proapoptosis. Since p53, a tumor suppressor gene, plays a major role in inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, we examined the role of p53 inhibition against cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity. Cocaine treatment significantly increased oxidative parameters (i.e., reactive oxygen species, 4-hydroxylnonenal, and protein carbonyl) in the liver of wild type (WT) mice. We found that the pharmacological (i.e. pifithrin-α) and genetic (i.e. p53 knockout) inhibition of p53 significantly attenuates cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity. Cocaine treatment increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the serum of mice, signifying hepatic damage. Consistently, these increases were attenuated by inhibition of p53, implying protection against cocaine-induced hepatic damage. In addition, cocaine treatment significantly increased PKCδ, cleaved PKCδ and p53 levels in the liver of WT mice. These increases were followed by the interaction between p53 and PKCδ, and pro-apoptotic consequences (i.e., cytosolic release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, increase in Bax level and decreases in Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL levels). These changes were attenuated by p53 depletion, reflecting that the critical role of PKCδ in p53-mediated apoptotic potentials. Combined, our results suggest that the inhibition of p53 is important for protection against oxidative burdens, pro-apoptotic events, and hepatic degeneration induced by cocaine.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao X, Han L, Ding N, Mu Y, Guan P, Hu C, Huang X. Bafilomycin C1 induces G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in human hepatocellular cancer SMMC7721 cells. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2018; 71:808-817. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-018-0066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
14
|
Huang C, Li R, Zhang Y, Gong J. Amarogentin Induces Apoptosis of Liver Cancer Cells via Upregulation of p53 and Downregulation of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Mice. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2017; 16:546-558. [PMID: 27402632 PMCID: PMC5665146 DOI: 10.1177/1533034616657976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Amarogentin has been reported to have a preventive effect on liver cancer via inducing cancer cell apoptosis. We attempted to elucidate the roles of p53-associated apoptosis pathways in the chemopreventive mechanism of amarogentin. The findings of this study will facilitate the development of a novel supplementary strategy for the treatment of liver cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The purity of amarogentin was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The inhibitory ratios of the liver cell lines were determined using a Cell Counting Kit-8 following treatment with a gradient concentration of amarogentin. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide kits. The gene and protein expression of p53-associated molecules, such as Akt, human telomerase reverse transcriptase, RelA, and p38, was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining in liver cancer cells and mouse tumor tissues after treatment with amarogentin. RESULTS The inhibitory effect of amarogentin on cell proliferation was more obvious in liver cancer cells, and amarogentin was more likely to induce the apoptosis of liver cancer cells than that of normal liver cells. The gene and protein expression levels of Akt, RelA, and human telomerase reverse transcriptase were markedly higher in the control group than in the preventive group and treatment groups. Only the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase was downregulated, accompanied by the upregulation of p53. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that amarogentin promotes apoptosis of liver cancer cells by the upregulation of p53 and downregulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase and prevents the malignant transformation of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, Wanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runqin Li
- Division of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing, Wanzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinglin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yılmaz Y, Güneş A, Topel H, Atabey N. Signaling Pathways as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocarcinogenesis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 48:225-237. [PMID: 28819741 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-017-9958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Yılmaz
- Izmir International Biomedicine & Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşim Güneş
- Izmir International Biomedicine & Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hande Topel
- Izmir International Biomedicine & Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neşe Atabey
- Izmir International Biomedicine & Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Dokuz Eylul University, Balcova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Z, Ying YM, Li KQ, Zhang Y, Chen BY, Zeng JJ, He XJ, Jiang MM, Chen BX, Wang Y, Xu XD, Hao K, Zhu MH, Zhang W. Marsdeniae tenacissima extract-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in hepatoma carcinoma cells is mediated through the p53/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2477-2484. [PMID: 28962183 PMCID: PMC5609296 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An extract from a traditional Chinese herb, Marsdeniae tenacissima (trade name, Xiao-Ai-Ping) has been approved for use on the Chinese market as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent for decades. Previous studies have demonstrated the cytostatic and pro-apoptotic effects of M. tenacissima extract (MTE) in multiple cancer cells. However, the contributions of MTE to the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatoma carcinoma cells and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, Bel-7402 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of MTE ranging from 0–320 µl/ml to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of MTE on the proliferation and apoptosis of Bel-7402 cells. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfopheny)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt and propidium iodide (PI)-stained flow cytometry assays demonstrated that MTE significantly suppressed the proliferation of Bel-7402 cells in a dose-dependent manner by arresting the cell cycle at S phase (P<0.05). Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate PI-stained flow cytometry confirmed the significantly pro-apoptotic effect of MTE at both 160 and 240 µl/ml (P<0.001). Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis demonstrated that MTE (both 160 and 240 µl/ml) induced a significant downregulation of B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 (P<0.01), upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein (P<0.01) and activation of caspase-3 (P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant downregulation of murine double minute-2 (MDM2) (P<0.001) and activation of p53 (P<0.001) in Bel-7402 cells following treatment with 160 or 240 µl/ml MTE was observed, accompanied by the inhibition of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway (P<0.001). These results suggested that MTE inhibited growth and exhibited pro-apoptotic effects in Bel-7402 cells, which was mediated by downregulation of the MDM2-induced p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and blocking the NF-κB pathway. Overall, these data serve as preliminary identification of the significant roles of MTE in hepatic carcinoma cells, and suggest that MTE may be a promising candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - You-Min Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Qiang Li
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Zeng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Jiang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Bo-Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Xu
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hao
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Hua Zhu
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Research Center of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Velasco-Loyden G, Pérez-Martínez L, Vidrio-Gómez S, Pérez-Carreón JI, Chagoya de Sánchez V. Cancer chemoprevention by an adenosine derivative in a model of cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317691190. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317691190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers, and approximately 80% develop from cirrhotic livers. We have previously shown that the aspartate salt of adenosine prevents and reverses carbon tetrachloride–induced liver fibrosis in rats. Considering the hepatoprotective role of this adenosine derivative in fibrogenesis, we were interested in evaluating its effect in a hepatocarcinogenesis model induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats, where multinodular cancer is preceded by cirrhosis. Rats were injected with diethylnitrosamine for 12 weeks to induce cirrhosis and for 16 weeks to induce hepatocarcinogenesis. Groups of rats were treated with aspartate salt of adenosine from the beginning of carcinogen administration for 12 or 18 weeks total, and another group received the compound from weeks 12 to 18. Fibrogenesis was estimated and the proportion of preneoplastic nodules and tumors was measured. The apoptotic and proliferation rates in liver tissues were evaluated, as well as the expression of cell signaling and cell cycle proteins participating in hepatocarcinogenesis. The adenosine derivative treatment reduced diethylnitrosamine-induced collagen expression and decreased the proportion of nodules positive for the tumor marker γ-glutamyl transferase. This compound down-regulated the expression of thymidylate synthase and hepatocyte growth factor, and augmented the protein level of the cell cycle inhibitor p27; these effects could be part of its chemopreventive mechanism. These findings suggest a hepatoprotective role of aspartate salt of adenosine that could be used as a therapeutic compound in the prevention of liver tumorigenesis as described earlier for hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Velasco-Loyden
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Lidia Pérez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Susana Vidrio-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| | - Julio Isael Pérez-Carreón
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Estructura de Proteínas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
| | - Victoria Chagoya de Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular (IFC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aylon Y, Gershoni A, Rotkopf R, Biton IE, Porat Z, Koh AP, Sun X, Lee Y, Fiel MI, Hoshida Y, Friedman SL, Johnson RL, Oren M. The LATS2 tumor suppressor inhibits SREBP and suppresses hepatic cholesterol accumulation. Genes Dev 2016; 30:786-97. [PMID: 27013235 PMCID: PMC4826395 DOI: 10.1101/gad.274167.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Aylon et al. performed a screen for proteins that interact with LATS2, a key player in the Hippo pathway. They delineate a new role for LATS2 in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism through direct interaction with and inhibition of the transcription factor SREBP2, a master regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. The Hippo signaling pathway is a major regulator of organ size. In the liver, Hippo pathway deregulation promotes hyperplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma primarily through hyperactivation of its downstream effector, YAP. The LATS2 tumor suppressor is a core member of the Hippo pathway. A screen for LATS2-interacting proteins in liver-derived cells identified the transcription factor SREBP2, master regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. LATS2 down-regulation caused SREBP activation and accumulation of excessive cholesterol. Likewise, mice harboring liver-specific Lats2 conditional knockout (Lats2-CKO) displayed constitutive SREBP activation and overexpressed SREBP target genes and developed spontaneous fatty liver disease. Interestingly, the impact of LATS2 depletion on SREBP-mediated transcription was clearly distinct from that of YAP overexpression. When challenged with excess dietary cholesterol, Lats2-CKO mice manifested more severe liver damage than wild-type mice. Surprisingly, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were actually attenuated relative to wild-type mice, in association with impaired p53 activation. Subsequently, Lats2-CKO mice failed to recover effectively from cholesterol-induced damage upon return to a normal diet. Additionally, decreased LATS2 mRNA in association with increased SREBP target gene expression was observed in a subset of human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cases. Together, these findings further highlight the tight links between tumor suppressors and metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anat Gershoni
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ron Rotkopf
- Bioinformatics Unit, Faculty of Biological Services, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Inbal E Biton
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Faculty of Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Biological Services Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anna P Koh
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Xiaochen Sun
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Youngmin Lee
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Maria-Isabel Fiel
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Randy L Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang D, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang G, Wei M, Hu Y, Ma S, Jiang Y, Che N, Wang X, Yao J, Yin J. Targeting of microRNA-199a-5p protects against pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and seizure damage via SIRT1-p53 cascade. Epilepsia 2016; 57:706-16. [PMID: 26945677 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs that control gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Some dysregulated miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in epileptogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine if miR-199a-5p regulates seizures and seizure damage by targeting the antiapoptotic protein silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). METHODS Hippocampal expression levels of miR-199a-5p, SIRT1, and acetylated p53 were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting in the acute, latent, and chronic stages of epilepsy in a rat lithium-pilocarpine epilepsy model. Silencing of miR-199a-5p expression in vivo was achieved by intracerebroventricular injection of antagomirs. The effects of targeting miR-199a-5p and SIRT1 protein on seizure and epileptic damage post-status epilepticus were assessed by electroencephalography (EEG) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS miR-199a-5p expression was up-regulated, SIRT1 levels were decreased, and neuron loss and apoptosis were induced in epilepsy model rats compared with normal controls, as determined by up-regulation of acetylated p53 and cleaved caspase-3 expression. In vivo knockdown of miR-199a-5p by an antagomir alleviated the seizure-like EEG findings and protected against neuron damage, in accordance with up-regulation of SIRT1 and subsequent deacetylation of p53. Furthermore, the seizure-suppressing effect of the antagomir was partly SIRT1 dependent. SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that silencing of miR-199a-5p exerts a seizure-suppressing effect in rats, and that SIRT1 is a direct target of miR-199a-5p in the hippocampus. The effect of miR-199a-5p on seizures and seizure damage is mediated via down-regulation of SIRT1. The miR-199a-5p/SIRT1 pathway may thus represent a potential target for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy and epileptic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhenlu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Minghai Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuo Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ningwei Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kumar R, Kumar Pate S, Rami Reddy B, Bhatt M, Karthik K, Gandham RK, Singh Mali Y, Dhama K. Apoptosis and Other Alternate Mechanisms of Cell Death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.646.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
21
|
Sousa T, Castro RE, Pinto SN, Coutinho A, Lucas SD, Moreira R, Rodrigues CMP, Prieto M, Fernandes F. Deoxycholic acid modulates cell death signaling through changes in mitochondrial membrane properties. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2158-71. [PMID: 26351365 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m062653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic bile acids, such as deoxycholic acid (DCA), are responsible for hepatocyte cell death during intrahepatic cholestasis. The mechanisms responsible for this effect are unclear, and recent studies conflict, pointing to either a modulation of plasma membrane structure or mitochondrial-mediated toxicity through perturbation of mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) properties. We conducted a comprehensive comparative study of the impact of cytotoxic and cytoprotective bile acids on the membrane structure of different cellular compartments. We show that DCA increases the plasma membrane fluidity of hepatocytes to a minor extent, and that this effect is not correlated with the incidence of apoptosis. Additionally, plasma membrane fluidity recovers to normal values over time suggesting the presence of cellular compensatory mechanisms for this perturbation. Colocalization experiments in living cells confirmed the presence of bile acids within mitochondrial membranes. Experiments with active isolated mitochondria revealed that physiologically active concentrations of DCA change MOM order in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and that these changes preceded the mitochondrial permeability transition. Importantly, these effects are not observed on liposomes mimicking MOM lipid composition, suggesting that DCA apoptotic activity depends on features of mitochondrial membranes that are absent in protein-free mimetic liposomes, such as the double-membrane structure, lipid asymmetry, or mitochondrial protein environment. In contrast, the mechanism of action of cytoprotective bile acids is likely not associated with changes in cellular membrane structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Sousa
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Coutinho
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana D Lucas
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fábio Fernandes
- Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu Y, Luo Q, Lin T, Zeng Z, Wang G, Zeng D, Ding R, Sun C, Zhang XK, Chen H. U12, a UDCA derivative, acts as an anti-hepatoma drug lead and inhibits the mTOR/S6K1 and cyclin/CDK complex pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113479. [PMID: 25486097 PMCID: PMC4259312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
U12, one of 20 derivatives synthesized from ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), has been found to have anticancer effects in liver cancer cell lines (SMMC-7721 and HepG2) and to protect normal liver cells from deoxycholic acid (DCA) damage (QSG-7701). Its anticancer mechanism was investigated using computer-aided network pharmacology and comparative proteomics. Results showed that its anti-malignancy activities were activated by mTOR/S6K1, cyclinD1/CDK2/4 and caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). The action of U12 may be similar to that of rapamycin. Animal testing confirmed that U12 exerted better anti-tumor activity than UDCA and had less severe side effects than fluorouracil (5-Fu). These observations indicate that U12 differs from UDCA and other derivatives and may be a suitable lead for the development of compounds useful in the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qiang Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Ting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Dequan Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Rong Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Cuiling Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
| | - Xiao-kun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XZ); (HC)
| | - Haifeng Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, PR China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (HC)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Abnormalities in the TP53 gene and overexpression of MDM2, a transcriptional target and negative regulator of p53, are commonly observed in cancers. The MDM2-p53 feedback loop plays an important role in tumor progression and thus, increased understanding of the pathway has the potential to improve clinical outcomes for cancer patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged as one of the most commonly diagnosed forms of human cancer; yet, the current treatment for HCC is less effective than those used against other cancers. We review the current studies of the MDM2-p53 pathway in cancer with a focus on HCC and specifically discuss the impact of p53 mutations along with other alterations of the MDM2-p53 feedback loop in HCC. We also discuss the potential diagnostic and prognostic applications of p53 and MDM2 in malignant tumors as well as therapeutic avenues that are being developed to target the MDM2-p53 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Derek A Franklin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Hospital and Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China. Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Laboratory of Biological Cancer Therapy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Christen V, Camenzind M, Fent K. Silica nanoparticles induce endoplasmic reticulum stress response, oxidative stress and activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:1143-1151. [PMID: 28962324 PMCID: PMC5598250 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (225 nm) induced ER stress and unfolded protein response. MAPK pathway and associated genes are induced. PP2Ac, TNFα, NFкB and interferon stimulated genes are up-regulated. p53 is down-regulated, indicating inhibition of apoptosis. The data suggest hepatotoxic, inflammatory and tumorigenic action of SiO2-NPs.
Application of silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) may result in human exposure. Here we investigate unexplored modes of action by which SiO2-NPs with average size of 225 nm act on human hepatoma cells (Huh7). We focused on the endoplasmic (ER) stress response and on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Both pathways were induced. ER stress and the associated three unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways were activated as demonstrated by significant inductions of BiP and XBP-1s and a moderate but significant induction of ATF-4 at 0.05 and 0.5 mg/ml. In addition to activation of NFкB interferon stimulated genes IP-10, IRF-9, and ISG-15 were up-regulated. As a consequence of ER stress, the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα and PP2Ac were induced following exposure to 0.05 mg/ml SiO2-NPs. Additionally, this occurred at 0.005 mg/ml SiO2-NPs for TNFα at 24 h. This in turn led to a strong transcriptional induction of MAP-kinases and its target genes cJun, cMyc and CREB. A strong transcriptional down-regulation of the proapoptotic gene p53 occurred at 0.05 and 0.5 mg/ml SiO2-NP. Exposure of Huh7 cells to the anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine reduced transcriptional induction of ER stress markers demonstrating a link between the induction of oxidative stress and ER stress. Our study demonstrates that SiO2-NPs lead to strong ER stress and UPR induction, oxidative stress, activation of MAPK signaling and down-regulation of p53. All of these activated pathways, which are analyzed here for the first time in detail, inhibit apoptosis and induce cell proliferation, which may contribute to a hepatotoxic, inflammatory and tumorigenic action of SiO2-NPs.
Collapse
Key Words
- ATF-4, Activating transcription factor 4
- ATF-6, activating transcription factor 6
- BiP, binding immunoglobulin protein
- CHOP, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-homologous protein
- CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein
- Huh7, human hepatoma cells
- Human hepatoma cells
- IFN α, interferon α
- IFN β, interferon β
- IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein 10
- IRE-1, inositol-requiring protein 1
- IRF-9, interferon regulatory factor 9
- ISG-15, interferon-induced 17 kDa protein
- ISGs, interferon stiulated genes
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
- NFκB, nuclear factor ‘kappa-light-chain-enhancer’ of activated B-cells
- Noxa, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1
- PERK, protein kinase like ER kinase
- PP2A, protein phosphatase 2a
- Proinflammatory response ;Iinterferon-stimulated genes
- STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- SiO2-NPs, silica nanoparticles
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- XBP-1, X-box binding protein 1
- eIF2α, eukaryotic initiation factor 2α
- p53, TP53-tumorsuppressor-gene
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Christen
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena Camenzind
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Karl Fent
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich), Department of Environmental Systems Science, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parthasarathy G, Philipp MT. The MEK/ERK pathway is the primary conduit for Borrelia burgdorferi-induced inflammation and P53-mediated apoptosis in oligodendrocytes. Apoptosis 2014; 19:76-89. [PMID: 24114360 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems. In a rhesus macaque model of LNB we had previously shown that brains of rhesus macaques inoculated with Borrelia burgdorferi release inflammatory mediators, and undergo oligodendrocyte and neuronal cell death. In vitro analysis of this phenomenon indicated that while B. burgdorferi can induce inflammation and apoptosis of oligodendrocytes per se, microglia are required for neuronal apoptosis. We hypothesized that the inflammatory milieu elicited by the bacterium in microglia or oligodendrocytes contributes to the apoptosis of neurons and glial cells, respectively, and that downstream signaling events in NFkB and/or MAPK pathways play a role in these phenotypes. To test these hypotheses in oligodendrocytes, several pathway inhibitors were used to determine their effect on inflammation and apoptosis, as induced by B. burgdorferi. In a human oligodendrocyte cell line (MO3.13), inhibition of the ERK pathway in the presence of B. burgdorferi markedly reduced inflammation, followed by the JNK, p38 and NFkB pathway inhibition. In addition to eliciting inflammation, B. burgdorferi also increased total p53 protein levels, and suppression of the ERK pathway mitigated this effect. While inhibition of p53 had a minimal effect in reducing inflammation, suppression of the ERK pathway or p53 reduced apoptosis as measured by active caspase-3 activity and the TUNEL assay. A similar result was seen in primary human oligodendrocytes wherein suppression of ERK or p53 reduced apoptosis. It is possible that inflammation and apoptosis in oligodendrocytes are divergent arms of MAPK pathways, particularly the MEK/ERK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Parthasarathy
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703, Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li M, Lu Y, Hu Y, Zhai X, Xu W, Jing H, Tian X, Lin Y, Gao D, Yao J. Salvianolic acid B protects against acute ethanol-induced liver injury through SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of p53 in rats. Toxicol Lett 2014; 228:67-74. [PMID: 24769256 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huirong Jing
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Dongyan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Jihong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Research Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Insights into the mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative potential of a Co(II) coordination compound bearing 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione: DNA and protein interaction studies. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:787-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Uversky AV, Xue B, Peng Z, Kurgan L, Uversky VN. On the intrinsic disorder status of the major players in programmed cell death pathways. F1000Res 2013; 2:190. [PMID: 24358900 PMCID: PMC3829196 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.2-190.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier computational and bioinformatics analysis of several large protein datasets across 28 species showed that proteins involved in regulation and execution of programmed cell death (PCD) possess substantial amounts of intrinsic disorder. Based on the comprehensive analysis of these datasets by a wide array of modern bioinformatics tools it was concluded that disordered regions of PCD-related proteins are involved in a multitude of biological functions and interactions with various partners, possess numerous posttranslational modification sites, and have specific evolutionary patterns (Peng
et al. 2013). This study extends our previous work by providing information on the intrinsic disorder status of some of the major players of the three major PCD pathways: apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. We also present a detailed description of the disorder status and interactomes of selected proteins that are involved in the p53-mediated apoptotic signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Uversky
- Center for Data Analytics and Biomedical Informatics, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Bin Xue
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Zhenling Peng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Lukasz Kurgan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA ; Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA ; Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mello-Vieira J, Sousa T, Coutinho A, Fedorov A, Lucas SD, Moreira R, Castro RE, Rodrigues CM, Prieto M, Fernandes F. Cytotoxic bile acids, but not cytoprotective species, inhibit the ordering effect of cholesterol in model membranes at physiologically active concentrations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2013; 1828:2152-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
30
|
Duong FHT, Dill MT, Matter MS, Makowska Z, Calabrese D, Dietsche T, Ketterer S, Terracciano L, Heim MH. Protein phosphatase 2A promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis in the diethylnitrosamine mouse model through inhibition of p53. Carcinogenesis 2013; 35:114-22. [PMID: 23901063 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Most HCCs develop in cirrhotic livers. Alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C are the most common underlying liver diseases. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific mechanisms that contribute to HCC are presently unknown. Transgenic expression of HCV proteins in the mouse liver induces an overexpression of the protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac). We have previously reported that HCV-induced PP2Ac overexpression modulates histone methylation and acetylation and inhibits DNA damage repair. In this study, we analyze tumor formation and gene expression using HCV transgenic mice that overexpress PP2Ac and liver tissues from patients with HCC. We demonstrate that PP2Ac overexpression interferes with p53-induced apoptosis. Injection of the carcinogen, diethylnitrosamine, induced significantly more and larger liver tumors in HCV transgenic mice that overexpress PP2Ac compared with control mice. In human liver biopsies from patients with HCC, PP2Ac expression was significantly higher in HCC tissue compared with non-tumorous liver tissue from the same patients. Our findings demonstrate an important role of PP2Ac overexpression in liver carcinogenesis and provide insights into the molecular pathogenesis of HCV-induced HCC.
Collapse
|
31
|
Live-cell imaging of p53 interactions using a novel Venus-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:745-52. [PMID: 23261524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
p53 plays an important role in regulating a wide variety of cellular processes, such as cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. Dysfunction of p53 is frequently associated with several pathologies, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years substantial progress has been made in developing novel p53-activating molecules. Importantly, modulation of p53 interaction with its main inhibitor, Mdm2, has been highlighted as a promising therapeutic target. In this regard, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis, by providing direct visualization of protein interactions in living cells, offers a straightforward method to identify potential modulators of protein interactions. In this study, we developed a simple and robust Venus-based BiFC system to screen for modulators of p53-p53 and p53-Mdm2 interactions in live mammalian cells. We used nutlin-3, a well-known disruptor of p53-Mdm2 interaction, to validate the specificity of the assay. The reduction of BiFC signal mediated by nutlin-3 was correlated with an increase in Puma transactivation, PARP cleavage, and cell death. Finally, this novel BiFC approach was exploited to identify potential modulators of p53-Mdm2 complex formation among a commercially available chemical library of 33 protein phosphatase inhibitors. Our results constitute "proof-of-concept" that this model has strong potential as an alternative to traditional target-based drug discovery strategies. Identification of new modulators of p53-p53 and p53-Mdm2 interactions will be useful to achieve synergistic drug efficacy with currently used anti-tumor therapies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Parthasarathy G, Philipp MT. Review: apoptotic mechanisms in bacterial infections of the central nervous system. Front Immunol 2012; 3:306. [PMID: 23060884 PMCID: PMC3463897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article we review the apoptotic mechanisms most frequently encountered in bacterial infections of the central nervous system (CNS). We focus specifically on apoptosis of neural cells (neurons and glia), and provide first an overview of the phenomenon of apoptosis itself and its extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. We then describe apoptosis in the context of infectious diseases and inflammation caused by bacteria, and review its role in the pathogenesis of the most relevant bacterial infections of the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Parthasarathy
- Division of Bacteriology and Parasitology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Covington, LA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tsujimoto I, Moriya K, Sakai K, Dickneite G, Sakai T. Critical role of factor XIII in the initial stages of carbon tetrachloride-induced adult liver remodeling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:3011-9. [PMID: 22019897 PMCID: PMC3260829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transglutaminase-mediated, covalent cross-linking of proteins is an essential step in tissue remodeling after injury. This process provides tissues with extra rigidity and resistance against proteolytic degradation. Plasma coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) is a transglutaminase that promotes cross-linking of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components fibrin and fibronectin to form a provisional matrix in response to tissue damage. However, the functional requirement for this FXIII-mediated cross-linked provisional matrix in adult tissue remodeling remains to be defined. Although it has been proposed that the formation FXIII-mediated fibrin-fibronectin provisional matrix is a critical step for ECM remodeling, we show in an FXIII subunit A-deficient murine model of acute liver injury that the lack of FXIII subunit A did not interfere with collagen reconstruction and resolution after liver injury. Furthermore, FXIIIA deficiency caused significantly increased hepatocyte apoptosis and a delay in hepatocyte regeneration after injury, which were accompanied by a significantly high induction of p53 expression. These findings suggest novel functions of FXIII that the FXIII-mediated covalently cross-linked matrix could promote survival signals for hepatocytes in adult tissue remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Tsujimoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sharma R, Prichard D, Majer F, Byrne AM, Kelleher D, Long A, Gilmer JF. Ursodeoxycholic acid amides as novel glucocorticoid receptor modulators. J Med Chem 2010; 54:122-30. [PMID: 21158453 DOI: 10.1021/jm100860s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used for the treatment of hepatic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have shown that UDCA's biological effects are partly glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mediated. UDCA derivatives were synthesized and screened for ability to induce GR translocation in a high content analysis assay using the esophageal cancer SKGT-4 cell line. UDCA derivatives induced GR translocation in a time dependent manner with equal efficacy to that of dexamethasone (Dex) and with greatly increased potency relative to UDCA. The cyclopropylamide 1a suppressed TNF-α induced NF-κB activity and it induced GRE transactivation. 1a was unable to displace Dex from the GR ligand binding domain (LBD) in a competition experiment but was capable of coactivator recruitment in a time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer assay (TR-FRET). This represents a novel mechanism of action for a GR modulator. These derivatives could result in a new class of GR modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika Sharma
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|