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Hypoxia, a dynamic tool to amplify the gingival mesenchymal stem cells potential for neurotrophic factor secretion. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3568-3576. [PMID: 35844419 PMCID: PMC9280216 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have significant regenerative potential. Their potential applications range from the treatment of inflammatory diseases, wound healing, and oral disorders. Preconditioning these stem cells can optimize their biological properties. Hypoxia preconditioning of MSCs improves stem cell properties like proliferation, survival, and differentiation potential. This research explored the possible impact of hypoxia on the pluripotent stem cell properties that GMSCs possess. We evaluated the morphology, stemness, neurotrophic factors, and stemness-related genes. We compared the protein levels of secreted neurotrophic factors between normoxic and hypoxic GMSC-conditioned media (GMSC-CM). Results revealed that hypoxic cultured GMSC’s had augmented expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF, GDNF, VEGF, and IGF1 and stemness-related gene NANOG. Hypoxic GMSCs showed decreased expression of the OCT4 gene. In hypoxic GMSC-CM, the neurotrophic factors secretions were significantly higher than normoxic GMSC-CM. Our data demonstrate that culturing of GMSCs in hypoxia enhances the secretion of neurotrophic factors that can lead to neuronal lineage differentiation.
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Yu C, An M, Li M, Manke C, Liu H. Structure-Dependent Stability of Lipid-Based Polymer Amphiphiles Inserted on Erythrocytes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080572. [PMID: 34436335 PMCID: PMC8402226 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have the potential to transform the treatment of many diseases. One of the key challenges relating to cell therapies is to modify the cell surface with molecules to modulate cell functions such as targeting, adhesion, migration, and cell–cell interactions, or to deliver drug cargos. Noncovalent insertion of lipid-based amphiphilic molecules on the cell surface is a rapid and nontoxic approach for modifying cells with a variety of bioactive molecules without affecting the cellular functions and viability. A wide variety of lipid amphiphiles, including proteins/peptides, carbohydrates, oligonucleotides, drugs, and synthetic polymers have been designed to spontaneously anchor on the plasma membranes. These molecules typically contain a functional component, a spacer, and a long chain diacyl lipid. Though these molecular constructs appeared to be stably tethered on cell surfaces both in vitro and in vivo under static situations, their stability under mechanical stress (e.g., in the blood flow) remains unclear. Using diacyl lipid-polyethylene glycol (lipo-PEG) conjugates as model amphiphiles, here we report the effect of molecular structures on the amphiphile stability on cell surface under mechanical stress. We analyzed the retention kinetics of lipo-PEGs on erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo and found that under mechanical stress, both the molecular structures of lipid and the PEG spacer have a profound effect on the membrane retention of membrane-anchored amphiphiles. Our findings highlight the importance of molecular design on the dynamic stability of membrane-anchored amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.Y.); (M.A.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Myunggi An
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.Y.); (M.A.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.Y.); (M.A.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Charles Manke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.Y.); (M.A.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (C.Y.); (M.A.); (M.L.); (C.M.)
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence:
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Church DC, Pokorski JK. Cell Engineering with Functional Poly(oxanorbornene) Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11379-11383. [PMID: 32281276 PMCID: PMC7482174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are gaining prominence in treating a wide variety of diseases and using synthetic polymers to manipulate these cells provides an opportunity to impart function that could not be achieved using solely genetic means. Herein, we describe the utility of functional block copolymers synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) that can insert directly into the cell membrane via the incorporation of long alkyl chains into a short polymer block leading to non-covalent, hydrophobic interactions with the lipid bilayer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these polymers can be imbued with advanced functionalities. A photosensitizer was incorporated into these polymers to enable spatially controlled cell death by the localized generation of 1 O2 at the cell surface in response to red-light irradiation. In a broader context, we believe our polymer insertion strategy could be used as a general methodology to impart functionality onto cell-surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Church
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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4
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Church DC, Pokorski JK. Cell Engineering with Functional Poly(oxanorbornene) Block Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derek C. Church
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jonathan K. Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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Melatonin and Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Key for Functional Integrity for Liver Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124521. [PMID: 32630505 PMCID: PMC7350224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common hepatobiliary malignancy with limited therapeutic options. On the other hand, melatonin is an indoleamine that modulates a variety of potential therapeutic effects. In addition to its important role in the regulation of sleep–wake rhythms, several previous studies linked the biologic effects of melatonin to various substantial endocrine, neural, immune and antioxidant functions, among others. Furthermore, the effects of melatonin could be influenced through receptor dependent and receptor independent manner. Among the other numerous physiological and therapeutic effects of melatonin, controlling the survival and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been recently discussed. Given its controversial interaction, several previous reports revealed the therapeutic potential of MSCs in controlling the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Taken together, the intention of the present review is to highlight the effects of melatonin and mesenchymal stem cells as a key for functional integrity for liver cancer treatment. We hope to provide solid piece of information that may be helpful in designing novel drug targets to control HCC.
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Cell membrane engineering with synthetic materials: Applications in cell spheroids, cellular glues and microtissue formation. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:21-36. [PMID: 30986529 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biologically inspired materials with tunable bio- and physicochemical properties provide an essential framework to actively control and support cellular behavior. Cell membrane remodeling approaches benefit from the advances in polymer science and bioconjugation methods, which allow for the installation of un-/natural molecules and particles on the cells' surface. Synthetically remodeled cells have superior properties and are under intense investigation in various therapeutic scenarios as cell delivery systems, bio-sensing platforms, injectable biomaterials and bioinks for 3D bioprinting applications. In this review article, recent advances in the field of cell surface remodeling via bio-chemical means and the potential biomedical applications of these emerging cell hybrids are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recent advances in bioconjugation methods, controlled/living polymerizations, microfabrication techniques and 3D printing technologies have enabled researchers to probe specific cellular functions and cues for therapeutic and research purposes through the formation of cell spheroids and polymer-cell chimeras. This review article highlights recent non-genetic cell membrane engineering strategies towards the fabrication of cellular ensembles and microtissues with interest in 3D in vitro modeling, cell therapeutics and tissue engineering. From a wider perspective, these approaches may provide a roadmap for future advances in cell therapies which will expedite the clinical use of cells, thereby improving the quality and accessibility of disease treatments.
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Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy holds great promise for the treatment of human disease. Clinical evidence suggests that T cell immunotherapies have the potential to combat cancers that evade traditional immunotherapy. Despite promising results, adverse effects leading to fatalities have left scientists seeking tighter control over these therapies, which is reflected in the growing body of synthetic biology literature focused on developing tightly controlled, context-independent parts. In addition, researchers are adapting these tools for other uses, such as for the treatment of autoimmune disease, HIV infection, and fungal interactions. We review this body of work and devote special attention to approaches that may lend themselves to the development of an "ideal" therapy: one that is safe, efficient, and easy to manufacture. We conclude with a look toward the future of immunotherapy: how synthetic biology can shift the paradigm from the treatment of disease to a focus on wellness and human health as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Brenner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Jang Hwan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Nicole M L Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
| | - Wilson W Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;
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Woodsworth DJ, Dreolini L, Abraham L, Holt RA. Targeted Cell-to-Cell Delivery of Protein Payloads via the Granzyme-Perforin Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 7:132-145. [PMID: 29201936 PMCID: PMC5700818 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is great potential for engineering cellular therapeutics by repurposing biological systems. Here, we report utilization of the granzyme-perforin pathway of cytotoxic lymphocytes as a cell-to-cell protein delivery module. We designed and constructed granzyme B-derived chaperone molecules fused to a fluorescent protein payload and expressed these constructs in natural killer (NK) cells. Using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, we investigated the co-localization of the chaperones with lytic granules and the chaperone-mediated transfer of the fluorescent protein payload from NK to target cells in co-culture experiments. A synthetic chaperone consisting of the granzyme B ER signal peptide and a domain encompassing putative N-linked glycosylation sites in granzyme B is insufficient for payload transfer to target cells, whereas full-length granzyme B is sufficient for payload delivery. Combining our functional data with an analysis of the crystal structure of granzyme B suggests that the necessary motifs for granzyme B loading into lytic granules are dispersed throughout the primary amino acid sequence and are only functional when contiguous in the tertiary structure. These results illustrate that by using granzyme B as a molecular chaperone the granzyme-perforin pathway can be exploited as a programmable molecular delivery system for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Woodsworth
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Lisa Dreolini
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Libin Abraham
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robert A. Holt
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Corresponding author: Robert A. Holt, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Abbina S, Siren EMJ, Moon H, Kizhakkedathu JN. Surface Engineering for Cell-Based Therapies: Techniques for Manipulating Mammalian Cell Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:3658-3677. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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