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Yu S, Li C, Lu X, Han Z, Li Y, Yuan X, Guo D. The m 6A-ncRNAs axis in diabetes complications: novel mechanism and therapeutic potential. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1426380. [PMID: 38978623 PMCID: PMC11228181 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1426380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a multifaceted metabolic disorder, poses a significant global health burden with its increasing prevalence and associated complications, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and diabetic angiopathy. Recent studies have highlighted the intricate interplay between N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in key pathways implicated in these diabetes complications, like cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Thus, understanding the mechanistic insights into how m6A dysregulation impacts the expression and function of ncRNAs opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting the m6A-ncRNAs axis in diabetes complications. This review explores the regulatory roles of m6A modifications and ncRNAs, and stresses the role of the m6A-ncRNA axis in diabetes complications, providing a therapeutic potential for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Yu
- Department of Nephrology II, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- School of Graduate Studies, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Lu
- School of Graduate Studies, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zehui Han
- School of Graduate Studies, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Graduate Studies, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- School of Graduate Studies, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Cheng W, Xu C, Su Y, Shen Y, Yang Q, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Liu Y. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles: A potential treatment for regeneration. iScience 2023; 26:108282. [PMID: 38026170 PMCID: PMC10651684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes. EVs have gained recognition in regenerative medicine due to their biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. However, the practical application of EVs faces challenges such as limited targeting ability, low yield, and inadequate therapeutic effects. To overcome these limitations, engineered EVs have emerged. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the engineering methods utilized for modifying donor cells and EVs, with a focus on comparing the therapeutic potential between engineered and natural EVs. Additionally, it aims to investigate the specific cell effects that play a crucial role in promoting repair and regeneration, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms involved in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuran Su
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin University Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
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Zhang H, Yang S, Zhu W, Niu T, Wang J, Yang M, Liu E, Wang J, Li S, Zhang H. Exosomal miR-let-7c-5p is involved in the cognitive function of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by interleukin 10: A cross-sectional study. J Diabetes 2023; 15:978-986. [PMID: 37532673 PMCID: PMC10667643 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-10 plays a notable role in the inflammatory-associated mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aimed to investigate whether IL-10 and its upstream factors exert an impact on MCI in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS A total of 117 T2DM patients were recruited and divided into Control group and MCI group based on the presence or absence of MCI. Clinical parameters were collected. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was conducted for global cognitive function. Digit Span Test (DST), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), and Trail Making Test-B (TMTB) were used to evaluate the executive functions of the diabetic patients. Trail Making Test-A (TMTA) was performed to examine the information processing speed function. Patients' scene memory was examined by Logical Memory Test (LMT). After the baseline data were compared, correlation and regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship among IL-10, miR-let-7c-5p and cognitive function. RESULTS Compared to 80 patients in the control group, 37 patients in the MCI group exhibited lower IL-10 in plasma and higher miR-let-7c-5p levels in exosomes from plasma. The IL-10 level was negatively associated with MoCA. Likewise, miR-let-7c-5p levels were negatively correlated with IL-10 levels and MoCA. Elevated miR-let-7c-5p levels and decreased IL-10 levels are risk factors for MCI in T2DM patients. Increased miR-let-7c-5p and downregulated IL-10 may influence VFT and TMTB, respectively, associated with executive function. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that IL-10 is correlated to the executive function of T2DM patients. Decreased IL-10 may result from the regulation of miR-let-7c-5p in exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Shufang Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyTaizhou People's HospitalTaizhouChina
- Department of EndocrinologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Department of EndocrinologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Tong Niu
- Department of EndocrinologyAffiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyTaizhou People's HospitalTaizhouChina
- Medical SchoolDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Mingyue Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyTaizhou People's HospitalTaizhouChina
- Medical SchoolDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Enlin Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyTaizhou People's HospitalTaizhouChina
- Medical SchoolNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jumei Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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4
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Liu Y, Ding W, Wang J, Ao X, Xue J. Non-coding RNA-mediated modulation of ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114993. [PMID: 37302320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide and seriously threatens human health and life. Cardiomyocyte death is considered the pathological basis of various CVDs, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, and aortic dissection. Multiple mechanisms, such as ferroptosis, necrosis, and apoptosis, contribute to cardiomyocyte death. Among them, ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death that plays a vital role in various physiological and pathological processes, from development and aging to immunity and CVD. The dysregulation of ferroptosis has been shown to be closely associated with CVD progression, yet its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. In recent years, a growing amount of evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are involved in the regulation of ferroptosis, thus affecting CVD progression. Some ncRNAs also exhibit potential value as biomarker and/or therapeutic target for patients with CVD. In this review, we systematically summarize recent findings on the underlying mechanisms of ncRNAs involved in ferroptosis regulation and their role in CVD progression. We also focus on their clinical applications as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in CVD treatment. DATA AVAILABILITY: No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Junqiang Xue
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China.
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Lin Q, Li K, Chen Y, Xie J, Wu C, Cui C, Deng B. Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Pathway and Mechanism-Based Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03342-7. [PMID: 37115404 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus with a high incidence. Oxidative stress, which is a crucial pathophysiological pathway of DPN, has attracted much attention. The distortion in the redox balance due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the deregulation of antioxidant defense systems promotes oxidative damage in DPN. Therefore, we have focused on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of DPN and elucidated its interaction with other physiological pathways, such as the glycolytic pathway, polyol pathway, advanced glycosylation end products, protein kinase C pathway, inflammation, and non-coding RNAs. These interactions provide novel therapeutic options targeting oxidative stress for DPN. Furthermore, our review addresses the latest therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress for the rehabilitation of DPN. Antioxidant supplements and exercise have been proposed as fundamental therapeutic strategies for diabetic patients through ROS-mediated mechanisms. In addition, several novel drug delivery systems can improve the bioavailability of antioxidants and the efficacy of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kezheng Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinuo Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxue Wu
- Department of Neurology, Wencheng County People's Hospital, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Cui
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Binbin Deng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Gondaliya P, Sayyed AA, Driscoll J, Patel K, Patel T. Extracellular vesicle RNA signaling in the liver tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2023; 558:216089. [PMID: 36758739 PMCID: PMC9992346 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) in liver cancers such as hepatocellular cancer (HCC) consists of a complex milieu of liver tissue-resident cells, infiltrated immune cells, and secreted factors that collectively serve to promote tumor growth and progression. Intercellular crosstalk contributes to tissue homeostasis, and perturbations during injury, inflammation and tumorigenesis that are important for tumor progression. Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transfer of a payload of RNA molecules that serve as an intercellular signaling is an important contributor to tissue homeostasis within the TME. Several types of RNA have been implicated in EV-mediated signaling. Biological processes that can be modulated by EV RNA signaling within the liver include tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and modulation of the immune cell activities. This mini-review describes the liver TME, and the biological effects of EV RNA-mediated signaling within the liver to highlight the role of EV RNA in intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gondaliya
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Adil Ali Sayyed
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Julia Driscoll
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Krishna Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Tushar Patel
- Departments of Transplantation and Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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7
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Chang W, Li P. Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles: A novel therapeutic agent in ischemic heart diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1098634. [PMID: 36686710 PMCID: PMC9849567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1098634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial injury is a major pathological factor that causes death in patients with heart diseases. In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been generally used in treating many diseases in animal models and clinical trials. mesenchymal stromal cells have the ability to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Thus, these cells are considered suitable for cardiac injury repair. However, mechanistic studies have shown that the secretomes of mesenchymal stromal cells, mainly small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), have better therapeutic effects than mesenchymal stromal cells themselves. In addition, small extracellular vesicles have easier quality control characteristics and better safety profiles. Therefore, mesenchymal stromal cell-small extracellular vesicles are emerging as novel therapeutic agents for damaged myocardial treatment. To date, many clinical trials and preclinical experimental results have demonstrated the beneficial effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells-small extracellular vesicles on ischemic heart disease. However, the validation of therapeutic efficacy and the use of tissue engineering methods require an exacting scientific rigor and robustness. This review summarizes the current knowledge of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells- or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells-small extracellular vesicle-based therapy for cardiac injury and discusses critical scientific issues in the development of these therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peifeng Li
- *Correspondence: Wenguang Chang, ; Peifeng Li,
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8
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Zhi Z, Sun Q, Tang W. Research advances and challenges in tissue-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1036746. [PMID: 36589228 PMCID: PMC9797684 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1036746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are vesicular vesicles with phospholipid bilayer, which are present in biological fluids and extracellular microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles serve as pivotal mediators in intercellular communication by delivering lipids, proteins, and RNAs to the recipient cells. Different from extracellular vesicles derived from biofluids and that originate from cell culture, the tissue derived extracellular vesicles (Ti-EVs) send us more enriched and accurate information of tissue microenvironment. Notably, tissue derived extracellular vesicles directly participate in the crosstalk between numerous cell types within microenvironment. Current research mainly focused on the extracellular vesicles present in biological fluids and cell culture supernatant, yet the studies on tissue derived extracellular vesicles are increasing due to the tissue derived extracellular vesicles are promising agents to reflect the occurrence and development of human diseases more accurately. In this review, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of tissue derived extracellular vesicles, specify the isolation methods and the roles of tissue derived extracellular vesicles in various diseases, including tumors. Moreover, we summarized the advances and challenges of tissue derived extracellular vesicles research.
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Liu Y, Li X, Zhou X, Wang J, Ao X. FADD as a key molecular player in cancer progression. Mol Med 2022; 28:132. [DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCancer is a leading disease-related cause of death worldwide. Despite advances in therapeutic interventions, cancer remains a major global public health problem. Cancer pathogenesis is extremely intricate and largely unknown. Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) was initially identified as an adaptor protein for death receptor-mediated extrinsic apoptosis. Recent evidence suggests that FADD plays a vital role in non-apoptotic cellular processes, such as proliferation, autophagy, and necroptosis. FADD expression and activity of are modulated by a complicated network of processes, such as DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, and post-translational modification. FADD dysregulation has been shown to be closely associated with the pathogenesis of numerous types of cancer. However, the detailed mechanisms of FADD dysregulation involved in cancer progression are still not fully understood. This review mainly summarizes recent findings on the structure, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of FADD and focuses on its role in cancer progression. The clinical implications of FADD as a biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer patients are also discussed. The information reviewed herein may expand researchers’ understanding of FADD and contribute to the development of FADD-based therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Chang W, Wang M, Zhang Y, Yu F, Hu B, Goljanek-Whysall K, Li P. Roles of long noncoding RNAs and small extracellular vesicle-long noncoding RNAs in type 2 diabetes. Traffic 2022; 23:526-537. [PMID: 36109347 PMCID: PMC9828071 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of a high-energy diet and a sedentary lifestyle has increased the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The pathological mechanism of this disease is not fully clear. Accumulated evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs have an essential regulatory role in the progression of diabetes and its complications. The roles of small noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, in T2D, have been extensively investigated, while the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in T2D has been unstudied. It has been reported that lncRNAs in T2D play roles in the regulation of pancreatic function, peripheral glucose homeostasis and vascular inflammation. In addition, lncRNAs carried by small extracellular vesicles (sEV) were shown to mediate communication between organs and participate in diabetes progression. Some sEV lncRNAs derived from stem cells are being developed as potential therapeutic agents for diabetic complications. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge relating to lncRNA biogenesis, the mechanisms of lncRNA sorting into sEV and the regulatory roles of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes. Knowledge of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes will aid in the development of new therapeutic drugs for T2D in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Hu
- The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Physiology, Nursing and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Melnik BC, Schmitz G. Milk Exosomal microRNAs: Postnatal Promoters of β Cell Proliferation but Potential Inducers of β Cell De-Differentiation in Adult Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911503. [PMID: 36232796 PMCID: PMC9569743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell expansion and functional maturation during the birth-to-weaning period is driven by epigenetic programs primarily triggered by growth factors, hormones, and nutrients provided by human milk. As shown recently, exosomes derived from various origins interact with β cells. This review elucidates the potential role of milk-derived exosomes (MEX) and their microRNAs (miRs) on pancreatic β cell programming during the postnatal period of lactation as well as during continuous cow milk exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX. Mechanistic evidence suggests that MEX miRs stimulate mTORC1/c-MYC-dependent postnatal β cell proliferation and glycolysis, but attenuate β cell differentiation, mitochondrial function, and insulin synthesis and secretion. MEX miR content is negatively affected by maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, psychological stress, caesarean delivery, and is completely absent in infant formula. Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation. Whereas MEX miR signaling supports postnatal β cell proliferation (diabetes prevention), persistent bovine MEX exposure after the lactation period may de-differentiate β cells back to the postnatal phenotype (diabetes induction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-52-4198-8060
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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