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Olmedo I, Martínez D, Carrasco-Rojas J, Jara JA. Mitochondria in oral cancer stem cells: Unraveling the potential drug targets for new and old drugs. Life Sci 2023; 331:122065. [PMID: 37659591 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is a major health problem worldwide, with most cases arising in the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Compared to other types of cancer, OSCC, has the worse prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Additionally, OSCC is characterized by a high rate of resistance to chemotherapy treatment, which may be partly explained by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) subpopulation. CSC can adapt to harmful environmental condition and are highly resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatments, thus contributing to tumor relapse. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of mitochondria in oral CSC as a potential target for oral cancer treatment. For this purpose, we reviewed some fundamental aspects of the most validated protein markers of stemness, autophagy, the mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in oral CSC. Moreover, a discussion will be made on why energy metabolism, especially oxidative phosphorylation in CSC, may offer such a diverse source of original pharmacological target for new drugs. Finally, we will describe some drugs able to disturb mitochondrial function, with emphasis on those aimed to interrupt the electron transport chain function, as novel therapeutic strategies in multidrug-resistant oral CSC. The reutilization of old drugs approved for clinical use as new antineoplastics, in cancer treatment, is also matter of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Olmedo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Martínez
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Carrasco-Rojas
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Toxicological and Pharmacological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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2
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DeFoor N, Paul S, Li S, Basso EKG, Stevenson V, Browning JL, Prater AK, Brindley S, Tao G, Pickrell AM. Remdesivir increases mtDNA copy number causing mild alterations to oxidative phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15339. [PMID: 37714940 PMCID: PMC10504289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 causes the severe respiratory disease COVID-19. Remdesivir (RDV) was the first fast-tracked FDA approved treatment drug for COVID-19. RDV acts as an antiviral ribonucleoside (adenosine) analogue that becomes active once it accumulates intracellularly. It then diffuses into the host cell and terminates viral RNA transcription. Previous studies have shown that certain nucleoside analogues unintentionally inhibit mitochondrial RNA or DNA polymerases or cause mutational changes to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These past findings on the mitochondrial toxicity of ribonucleoside analogues motivated us to investigate what effects RDV may have on mitochondrial function. Using in vitro and in vivo rodent models treated with RDV, we observed increases in mtDNA copy number in Mv1Lu cells (35.26% increase ± 11.33%) and liver (100.27% increase ± 32.73%) upon treatment. However, these increases only resulted in mild changes to mitochondrial function. Surprisingly, skeletal muscle and heart were extremely resistant to RDV treatment, tissues that have preferentially been affected by other nucleoside analogues. Although our data suggest that RDV does not greatly impact mitochondrial function, these data are insightful for the treatment of RDV for individuals with mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole DeFoor
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Life Science I Room 217, 970 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Swagatika Paul
- Graduate Program in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Erwin K Gudenschwager Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Valentina Stevenson
- Virginia Tech Animal Laboratory Services, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jack L Browning
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Life Science I Room 217, 970 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Anna K Prater
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Life Science I Room 217, 970 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Samantha Brindley
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Life Science I Room 217, 970 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Alicia M Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Life Science I Room 217, 970 Washington Street SW, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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3
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Domínguez-Zorita S, Cuezva JM. The Mitochondrial ATP Synthase/IF1 Axis in Cancer Progression: Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3775. [PMID: 37568591 PMCID: PMC10417293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant global health problem with profound personal and economic implications on National Health Care Systems. The reprograming of metabolism is a major trait of the cancer phenotype with a clear potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat the disease. Herein, we summarize the relevant role that the mitochondrial ATP synthase and its physiological inhibitor, ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 (IF1), play in metabolic reprogramming to an enhanced glycolytic phenotype. We stress that the interplay in the ATP synthase/IF1 axis has additional functional roles in signaling mitohormetic programs, pro-oncogenic or anti-metastatic phenotypes depending on the cell type. Moreover, the same axis also participates in cell death resistance of cancer cells by restrained mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. We emphasize the relevance of the different post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate the specific expression and activity of ATP synthase/IF1, to stimulate further investigations in the field because of their potential as future targets to treat cancer. In addition, we review recent findings stressing that mitochondria metabolism is the primary altered target in lung adenocarcinomas and that the ATP synthase/IF1 axis of OXPHOS is included in the most significant signature of metastatic disease. Finally, we stress that targeting mitochondrial OXPHOS in pre-clinical mouse models affords a most effective therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Domínguez-Zorita
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Abu Shelbayeh O, Arroum T, Morris S, Busch KB. PGC-1α Is a Master Regulator of Mitochondrial Lifecycle and ROS Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051075. [PMID: 37237941 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a major role in ROS production and defense during their life cycle. The transcriptional activator PGC-1α is a key player in the homeostasis of energy metabolism and is therefore closely linked to mitochondrial function. PGC-1α responds to environmental and intracellular conditions and is regulated by SIRT1/3, TFAM, and AMPK, which are also important regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In this review, we highlight the functions and regulatory mechanisms of PGC-1α within this framework, with a focus on its involvement in the mitochondrial lifecycle and ROS metabolism. As an example, we show the role of PGC-1α in ROS scavenging under inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, PGC-1α and the stress response factor NF-κB, which regulates the immune response, are reciprocally regulated. During inflammation, NF-κB reduces PGC-1α expression and activity. Low PGC-1α activity leads to the downregulation of antioxidant target genes resulting in oxidative stress. Additionally, low PGC-1α levels and concomitant oxidative stress promote NF-κB activity, which exacerbates the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Abu Shelbayeh
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Silke Morris
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Karin B Busch
- Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 5, 48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Kant R, Manne RK, Anas M, Penugurti V, Chen T, Pan BS, Hsu CC, Lin HK. Deregulated transcription factors in cancer cell metabolisms and reprogramming. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1158-1174. [PMID: 36244530 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is an important cancer hallmark that plays a key role in cancer malignancies and therapy resistance. Cancer cells reprogram the metabolic pathways to generate not only energy and building blocks but also produce numerous key signaling metabolites to impact signaling and epigenetic/transcriptional regulation for cancer cell proliferation and survival. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which metabolic reprogramming is regulated in cancer may provide potential new strategies for cancer targeting. Recent studies suggest that deregulated transcription factors have been observed in various human cancers and significantly impact metabolism and signaling in cancer. In this review, we highlight the key transcription factors that are involved in metabolic control, dissect the crosstalk between signaling and transcription factors in metabolic reprogramming, and offer therapeutic strategies targeting deregulated transcription factors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kant
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Mohammad Anas
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Vasudevarao Penugurti
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Bo-Syong Pan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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6
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Kimura Y, Saito H, Osaki T, Ikegami Y, Wakigawa T, Ikeuchi Y, Iwasaki S. Mito-FUNCAT-FACS reveals cellular heterogeneity in mitochondrial translation. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:895-904. [PMID: 35256452 PMCID: PMC9074903 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079097.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria possess their own genome that encodes components of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes, and mitochondrial ribosomes within the organelle translate the mRNAs expressed from the mitochondrial genome. Given the differential OXPHOS activity observed in diverse cell types, cell growth conditions, and other circumstances, cellular heterogeneity in mitochondrial translation can be expected. Although individual protein products translated in mitochondria have been monitored, the lack of techniques that address the variation in overall mitochondrial protein synthesis in cell populations poses analytic challenges. Here, we adapted mitochondrial-specific fluorescent noncanonical amino acid tagging (FUNCAT) for use with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and developed mito-FUNCAT-FACS. The click chemistry-compatible methionine analog L-homopropargylglycine (HPG) enabled the metabolic labeling of newly synthesized proteins. In the presence of cytosolic translation inhibitors, HPG was selectively incorporated into mitochondrial nascent proteins and conjugated to fluorophores via the click reaction (mito-FUNCAT). The application of in situ mito-FUNCAT to flow cytometry allowed us to separate changes in net mitochondrial translation activity from those of the organelle mass and detect variations in mitochondrial translation in cancer cells. Our approach provides a useful methodology for examining mitochondrial protein synthesis in individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kimura
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hironori Saito
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Osaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ikegami
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Taisei Wakigawa
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshiho Ikeuchi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shintaro Iwasaki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- RNA Systems Biochemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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7
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Kabacik S, Lowe D, Fransen L, Leonard M, Ang SL, Whiteman C, Corsi S, Cohen H, Felton S, Bali R, Horvath S, Raj K. The relationship between epigenetic age and the hallmarks of aging in human cells. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:484-493. [PMID: 37034474 PMCID: PMC10077971 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00220-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic clocks are mathematically derived age estimators that are based on combinations of methylation values that change with age at specific CpGs in the genome. These clocks are widely used to measure the age of tissues and cells1,2. The discrepancy between epigenetic age (EpiAge), as estimated by these clocks, and chronological age is referred to as EpiAge acceleration. Epidemiological studies have linked EpiAge acceleration to a wide variety of pathologies, health states, lifestyle, mental state and environmental factors2, indicating that epigenetic clocks tap into critical biological processes that are involved in aging. Despite the importance of this inference, the mechanisms underpinning these clocks remained largely uncharacterized and unelucidated. Here, using primary human cells, we set out to investigate whether epigenetic aging is the manifestation of one or more of the aging hallmarks previously identified3. We show that although epigenetic aging is distinct from cellular senescence, telomere attrition and genomic instability, it is associated with nutrient sensing, mitochondrial activity and stem cell composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Kabacik
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
- Present address: Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
- These authors contributed equally: Sylwia Kabacik, Donna Lowe
| | - Donna Lowe
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
- Present address: Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
- These authors contributed equally: Sylwia Kabacik, Donna Lowe
| | - Leonie Fransen
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Martin Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Christopher Whiteman
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
- Present address: Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Corsi
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
- Present address: Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah Felton
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Radhika Bali
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Present address: Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Steve Horvath, Ken Raj
| | - Ken Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
- Present address: Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
- These authors jointly supervised this work: Steve Horvath, Ken Raj
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8
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An amino acid-defined diet impairs tumour growth in mice by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR inhibition. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101478. [PMID: 35367410 PMCID: PMC9014392 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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9
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Chaudhary S, Ganguly S, Palanichamy JK, Singh A, Bakhshi R, Jain A, Chopra A, Bakhshi S. PGC1A driven enhanced mitochondrial DNA copy number predicts outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:246-254. [PMID: 33812061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number alterations occur in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We evaluated regulation and biological significance of mtDNA copy number in pediatric AML patients (n = 123) by qRT-PCR, and in-vitro studies. MtDNA copy number was significantly higher (p < 0.001) and an independent predictor of aggressive disease (p = 0.006), lower event free survival (p = 0.033), and overall survival (p = 0.007). Expression of TFAM, POLG, POLRMT, MYC and ND3 were significantly upregulated. In cell lines, PGC1A inhibition decreased mtDNA copy number while MYC inhibition had no effect. PGC1A may contribute to enhanced mtDNA copy number, which predicts disease aggressiveness and inferior survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shuvadeep Ganguly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Radhika Bakhshi
- Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ayushi Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Chopra
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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10
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Esparza-Moltó PB, Cuezva JM. Reprogramming Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cancer: A Role for RNA-Binding Proteins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:927-945. [PMID: 31910046 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cancer is a major disease imposing high personal and economic burden draining large part of National Health Care and Research budgets worldwide. In the last decade, research in cancer has underscored the reprogramming of metabolism to an enhanced aerobic glycolysis as a major trait of the cancer phenotype with great potential for targeted therapy. Recent Advances: Mitochondria are essential organelles in metabolic reprogramming for controlling the production of biological energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and the supply of metabolic precursors that sustain proliferation. In addition, mitochondria are critical hubs that integrate different signaling pathways that control cellular metabolism and cell fate. The mitochondrial ATP synthase plays a fundamental role in OXPHOS and cellular signaling. Critical Issues: This review overviews mitochondrial metabolism and OXPHOS, and the major changes reported in the expression and function of mitochondrial proteins of OXPHOS in oncogenesis and in cellular differentiation. We summarize the prominent role that RNA-binding proteins (RNABPs) play in the sorting and localized translation of nuclear-encoded mRNAs that help define the mitochondrial cell-type-specific phenotype. Moreover, we emphasize the mechanisms that contribute to restrain the activity and expression of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in carcinomas, and illustrate that the dysregulation of proteins that control energy metabolism correlates with patients' survival. Future Directions: Future research should elucidate the mechanisms and RNABPs that promote the specific alterations of the mitochondrial phenotype in carcinomas arising from different tissues with the final aim of developing new therapeutic strategies to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau B Esparza-Moltó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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11
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García-Heredia JM, Carnero A. Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cell Resistance. Cells 2020; 9:E1693. [PMID: 32679735 PMCID: PMC7407626 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) are associated with the mechanisms of chemoresistance to different cytotoxic drugs or radiotherapy, as well as with tumor relapse and a poor prognosis. Various studies have shown that mitochondria play a central role in these processes because of the ability of this organelle to modify cell metabolism, allowing survival and avoiding apoptosis clearance of cancer cells. Thus, the whole mitochondrial cycle, from its biogenesis to its death, either by mitophagy or by apoptosis, can be targeted by different drugs to reduce mitochondrial fitness, allowing for a restored or increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Once mitochondrial misbalance is induced by a specific drug in any of the processes of mitochondrial metabolism, two elements are commonly boosted: an increment in reactive nitrogen/oxygen species and, subsequently, activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel García-Heredia
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. de la Reina Mercedes 6, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Omidian K, Rafiei H, Bandy B. Increased mitochondrial content and function by resveratrol and select flavonoids protects against benzo[a]pyrene-induced bioenergetic dysfunction and ROS generation in a cell model of neoplastic transformation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:767-775. [PMID: 31972341 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols act in cancer prevention and may inhibit carcinogenesis. A possible mitochondrial mechanism for carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation and chemoprevention by polyphenols, however, is largely unexplored. Using the Bhas 42 cell model of carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation, we investigated benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) along with different polyphenols for their effects on mitochondrial content and function, and on mitochondrial and intracellular ROS generation. Bhas 42 cells were either co-treated with 5 μM polyphenol starting 2 h before exposure to 4 μM B[a]P for 24 or 72 h, or pre-treated with polyphenol for 24 h and removed prior to B[a]P exposure. Exposure to B[a]P decreased mitochondrial content (by 46% after 24 h and 30% after 72 h), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular ATP, and increased generation of mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS. Polyphenol co-treatments protected against the decreased mitochondrial content, with resveratrol being the most effective (increasing the mitochondrial content after 72 h by 75%). Measurements after 24 h of mRNA for mitochondria-related proteins and of SIRT1 enzyme activity suggested an involvement of increased mitochondrial biogenesis in the polyphenol effects. The polyphenol co-treatments also ameliorated B[a]P-induced deficits in mitochondrial function (most strongly resveratrol), and increases in generation of mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS. Notably, 24 h pre-treatments with polyphenols strongly suppressed subsequent B[a]P-induced increases, after 24 and 72 h, in mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS generation, with resveratrol being the most effective. In conclusion, the results support a mechanism for B[a]P carcinogenesis involving impaired mitochondrial function and increased mitochondria-derived ROS, that can be ameliorated by dietary polyphenols. The evidence supports an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis behind the strong chemoprevention by resveratrol, and a mitochondrial antioxidant effect in chemoprevention by quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosar Omidian
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Brian Bandy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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13
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Xia M, Feng S, Chen Z, Wen G, Zu X, Zhong J. Non-coding RNAs: Key regulators of aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer. Life Sci 2020; 250:117579. [PMID: 32209425 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although extensive research progress has been made in breast cancer in recent years, yet the morbidity and mortality rates of breast cancer are rising, making it the major disease that endangers women's health. Energy metabolism reprogramming is featured by a state termed "aerobic glycolysis" or the Warburg effect that glycolysis is preferred even under aerobic conditions in neoplastic diseases. Widely acknowledged as an emerging hallmark in cancers, this metabolic switch shows a sophisticated role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The regulating effect of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) composed of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs is closely related to the glycolysis in breast cancer. Therefore, understand the mechanisms of ncRNAs of aerobic glycolysis in breast cancer may provide new strategy for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Shujun Feng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China
| | - Zuyao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Gebo Wen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xuyu Zu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Cancer Research Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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14
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Metabolic reprogramming and disease progression in cancer patients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165721. [PMID: 32057942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genomics has contributed to the treatment of a fraction of cancer patients. However, there is a need to profile the proteins that define the phenotype of cancer and its pathogenesis. The reprogramming of metabolism is a major trait of the cancer phenotype with great potential for prognosis and targeted therapy. This review overviews the major changes reported in the steady-state levels of proteins of metabolism in primary carcinomas, paying attention to those enzymes that correlate with patients' survival. The upregulation of enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, lipogenesis, glutaminolysis and the antioxidant defense is concurrent with the downregulation of mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, emphasizing the potential of mitochondrial metabolism as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. We stress that high-throughput quantitative expression profiling of differentially expressed proteins in large cohorts of carcinomas paired with normal tissues will accelerate translation of metabolism to a successful personalized medicine in cancer.
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15
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Weber DD, Vidali S, Catalano L, Kofler B, Feichtinger RG. From old to new - Repurposing drugs to target mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 98:211-223. [PMID: 31145995 PMCID: PMC7613924 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although we have entered the era of personalized medicine and tailored therapies, drugs that target a large variety of cancers regardless of individual patient differences would be a major advance nonetheless. This review article summarizes current concepts and therapeutic opportunities in the area of targeting aerobic mitochondrial energy metabolism in cancer. Old drugs previously used for diseases other than cancer, such as antibiotics and antidiabetics, have the potential to inhibit the growth of various tumor entities. Many drugs are reported to influence mitochondrial metabolism. However, here we consider only those drugs which predominantly inhibit oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela D. Weber
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Silvia Vidali
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Catalano
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Corresponding author at: Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Muellner-Hauptstrasse 48, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. (B. Kofler)
| | - René G. Feichtinger
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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16
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Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Marín-Hernández Á, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Belmont-Díaz JA, Robledo-Cadena DX, Vargas-Navarro JL, Corona de la Peña NA, Saavedra E, Moreno-Sánchez R. Transcriptional Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101225. [PMID: 31600993 PMCID: PMC6830338 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development, growth, and metastasis are highly regulated by several transcription regulators (TRs), namely transcription factors, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, and protein kinases. Although TR roles in these events have been well characterized, their functions in regulating other important cancer cell processes, such as metabolism, have not been systematically examined. In this review, we describe, analyze, and strive to reconstruct the regulatory networks of several TRs acting in the energy metabolism pathways, glycolysis (and its main branching reactions), and oxidative phosphorylation of nonmetastatic and metastatic cancer cells. Moreover, we propose which possible gene targets might allow these TRs to facilitate the modulation of each energy metabolism pathway, depending on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Norma Angélica Corona de la Peña
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Trombosis, Hemostasia y Aterogénesis, Hospital General Regional Carlos McGregor-Sánchez, México CP 03100, Mexico.
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México 14080, Mexico.
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México 14080, Mexico.
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17
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Lebelo MT, Joubert AM, Visagie MH. Warburg effect and its role in tumourigenesis. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:833-847. [PMID: 31473944 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a crucial molecule in energy production and produces different end products in non-tumourigenic- and tumourigenic tissue metabolism. Tumourigenic cells oxidise glucose by fermentation and generate lactate and adenosine triphosphate even in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect). The Na+/H+-antiporter is upregulated in tumourigenic cells resulting in release of lactate- and H+ ions into the extracellular space. Accumulation of lactate- and proton ions in the extracellular space results in an acidic environment that promotes invasion and metastasis. Otto Warburg reported that tumourigenic cells have defective mitochondria that produce less energy. However, decades later it became evident that these mitochondria have adapted with alterations in mitochondrial content, structure, function and activity. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy regulate the formation of new mitochondria and degradation of defective mitochondria in order to combat accumulation of mutagenic mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid. Tumourigenic cells also produce increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from upregulated glycolysis leading to pathogenesis including cancer. Moderate ROS levels exert proliferative- and prosurvival signaling, while high ROS quantities induce cell death. Understanding the crosstalk between aberrant metabolism, redox regulation, mitochondrial adaptions and pH regulation provides scientific- and medical communities with new opportunities to explore cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maphuti T Lebelo
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Anna M Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa
| | - Michelle H Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Arcadia, Pretoria, 0007, South Africa.
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18
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Luo X, Liao C, Quan J, Cheng C, Zhao X, Bode AM, Cao Y. Posttranslational regulation of PGC-1α and its implication in cancer metabolism. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:1475-1483. [PMID: 30848477 PMCID: PMC6767394 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of cellular metabolism is well established in cancer. The mitochondria are dynamic organelles and act as the center stage for energy metabolism. Central to mitochondrial regulatory network is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1a (PGC-1α), which serves as a master regulator of mitochondrial proliferation and metabolism. The activity and stability of PGC-1α are subject to dynamic and versatile posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, methylation and acetylation in response to metabolic stress and other environmental signals. In this review, we describe the structure of PGC-1α. Then, we discuss recent advances in the posttranslational regulatory machinery of PGC-1α, which affects its transcriptional activity, stability and organelle localization. Furthermore, we address the important roles of PGC-1α in tumorigenesis and malignancy. Finally, we also mention the clinical therapeutic potentials of PGC-1α modulators. A better understanding of the elegant function of PGC-1α in cancer progression could provide novel insights into therapeutic interventions through the targeting of PGC-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Chaoliang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jing Quan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Can Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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19
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Chambers JM, Poureetezadi SJ, Addiego A, Lahne M, Wingert RA. ppargc1a controls nephron segmentation during zebrafish embryonic kidney ontogeny. eLife 2018; 7:40266. [PMID: 30475208 PMCID: PMC6279350 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephron segmentation involves a concert of genetic and molecular signals that are not fully understood. Through a chemical screen, we discovered that alteration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling disrupts nephron segmentation in the zebrafish embryonic kidney (Poureetezadi et al., 2016). Here, we show that the PPAR co-activator ppargc1a directs renal progenitor fate. ppargc1a mutants form a small distal late (DL) segment and an expanded proximal straight tubule (PST) segment. ppargc1a promotes DL fate by regulating the transcription factor tbx2b, and restricts expression of the transcription factor sim1a to inhibit PST fate. Interestingly, sim1a restricts ppargc1a expression to promote the PST, and PST development is fully restored in ppargc1a/sim1a-deficient embryos, suggesting Ppargc1a and Sim1a counterbalance each other in an antagonistic fashion to delineate the PST segment boundary during nephrogenesis. Taken together, our data reveal new roles for Ppargc1a during development, which have implications for understanding renal birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Chambers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Shahram Jevin Poureetezadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Amanda Addiego
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Manuela Lahne
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
| | - Rebecca A Wingert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States.,Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States
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20
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and PGC-1 α in Cancer: Dual Actions as Tumor Promoter and Suppressor. PPAR Res 2018; 2018:6727421. [PMID: 29599799 PMCID: PMC5828371 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6727421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is part of a nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates gene expression involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, immune/inflammation response, and lipid metabolism. PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), initially identified as a PPARγ-interacting protein, is an important regulator of diverse metabolic pathways, such as oxidative metabolism and energy homeostasis. The role of PGC-1α in diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease is particularly well known. PGC-1α is also now known to play important roles in cancer, independent of the role of PPARγ in cancer. Though many researchers have studied the expression and clinical implications of PPARγ and PGC-1α in cancer, there are still many controversies about the role of PPARγ and PGC-1α in cancer. This review examines and summarizes some recent data on the role and action mechanisms of PPARγ and PGC-1α in cancer, respectively, particularly the recent progress in understanding the role of PPARγ in several cancers since our review was published in 2012.
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21
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Mitochondrial Stress Tests Using Seahorse Respirometry on Intact Dictyostelium discoideum Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1407:41-61. [PMID: 27271893 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3480-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria not only play a critical and central role in providing metabolic energy to the cell but are also integral to the other cellular processes such as modulation of various signaling pathways. These pathways affect many aspects of cell physiology, including cell movement, growth, division, differentiation, and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction which affects mitochondrial bioenergetics and causes oxidative phosphorylation defects can thus lead to altered cellular physiology and manifest in disease. The assessment of the mitochondrial bioenergetics can thus provide valuable insights into the physiological state, and the alterations to the state of the cells. Here, we describe a method to successfully use the Seahorse XF(e)24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer to assess the mitochondrial respirometry of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum.
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22
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Ha BG, Jung SS, Shon YH. Effects of proton beam irradiation on mitochondrial biogenesis in a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:859-866. [PMID: 28713989 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton beam therapy has recently been used to improve local control of tumor growth and reduce side-effects by decreasing the global dose to normal tissue. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the physiological role of proton beam radiation are not well understood, and many studies are still being conducted regarding these mechanisms. To determine the effects of proton beams on mitochondrial biogenesis, we investigated: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mass; the gene expression of mitochondrial transcription factors, functional regulators, and dynamic-related regulators; and the phosphorylation of the signaling molecules that participate in mitochondrial biogenesis. Both the mtDNA/nuclear DNA (nDNA) ratio and the mitochondria staining assays showed that proton beam irradiation increases mitochondrial biogenesis in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced aggressive HT-29 cells. Simultaneously, proton beam irradiation increases the gene expression of the mitochondrial transcription factors PGC-1α, NRF1, ERRα, and mtTFA, the dynamic regulators DRP1, OPA1, TIMM44, and TOM40, and the functional regulators CytC, ATP5B and CPT1-α. Furthermore, proton beam irradiation increases the phosphorylation of AMPK, an important molecule involved in mitochondrial biogenesis that is an energy sensor and is regulated by the AMP/ATP ratio. Based on these findings, we suggest that proton beam irradiation inhibits metastatic potential by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and function in TPA-induced aggressive HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Suk Jung
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Shon
- Bio-Medical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 700-721, Republic of Korea
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23
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Dalmasso G, Marin Zapata PA, Brady NR, Hamacher-Brady A. Agent-Based Modeling of Mitochondria Links Sub-Cellular Dynamics to Cellular Homeostasis and Heterogeneity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168198. [PMID: 28060865 PMCID: PMC5217980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles that supply energy for cellular biochemistry through oxidative phosphorylation. Within a cell, hundreds of mobile mitochondria undergo fusion and fission events to form a dynamic network. These morphological and mobility dynamics are essential for maintaining mitochondrial functional homeostasis, and alterations both impact and reflect cellular stress states. Mitochondrial homeostasis is further dependent on production (biogenesis) and the removal of damaged mitochondria by selective autophagy (mitophagy). While mitochondrial function, dynamics, biogenesis and mitophagy are highly-integrated processes, it is not fully understood how systemic control in the cell is established to maintain homeostasis, or respond to bioenergetic demands. Here we used agent-based modeling (ABM) to integrate molecular and imaging knowledge sets, and simulate population dynamics of mitochondria and their response to environmental energy demand. Using high-dimensional parameter searches we integrated experimentally-measured rates of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, and using sensitivity analysis we identified parameter influences on population homeostasis. By studying the dynamics of cellular subpopulations with distinct mitochondrial masses, our approach uncovered system properties of mitochondrial populations: (1) mitochondrial fusion and fission activities rapidly establish mitochondrial sub-population homeostasis, and total cellular levels of mitochondria alter fusion and fission activities and subpopulation distributions; (2) restricting the directionality of mitochondrial mobility does not alter morphology subpopulation distributions, but increases network transmission dynamics; and (3) maintaining mitochondrial mass homeostasis and responding to bioenergetic stress requires the integration of mitochondrial dynamics with the cellular bioenergetic state. Finally, (4) our model suggests sources of, and stress conditions amplifying, cell-to-cell variability of mitochondrial morphology and energetic stress states. Overall, our modeling approach integrates biochemical and imaging knowledge, and presents a novel open-modeling approach to investigate how spatial and temporal mitochondrial dynamics contribute to functional homeostasis, and how subcellular organelle heterogeneity contributes to the emergence of cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Dalmasso
- Lysosomal Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paula Andrea Marin Zapata
- Lysosomal Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nathan Ryan Brady
- Systems Biology of Cell Death Mechanisms, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NRB); (AH-B)
| | - Anne Hamacher-Brady
- Lysosomal Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NRB); (AH-B)
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24
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Sulforaphane induces differential modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in normal cells and tumor cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:90-102. [PMID: 27993529 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant-based chemotherapy has been intensely debated. Herein, we show that sulforaphane (SFN) induced mitochondrial biogenesis followed by mitochondrial fusion in a kidney cell line commonly used in nephroprotective models. At the same concentration and exposure time, SFN induced cell death in prostate cancer cells accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis and fragmentation. Stabilization of the nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) could be associated with these effects in the tumor cell line. An increase in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1α (PGC1α) level and a decrease in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) level would suggest a possible metabolic shift. The knockdown in the nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1) attenuated the SFN-induced effect on prostate cancer cells demonstrating that mitochondrial biogenesis plays an important role in cell death for this kind of tumor cells. This evidence supports SFN as a potential antineoplastic agent that could inhibit tumor development and could protect normal tissues by modulating common processes.
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25
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New insight into the role of metabolic reprogramming in melanoma cells harboring BRAF mutations. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2710-2718. [PMID: 27542908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the V600BRAF-MITF-PGC-1α axis and compares metabolic and functional changes occurring in primary and metastatic V600BRAF melanoma cell lines. V600BRAF mutations in homo/heterozygosis were found to be correlated to high levels of pERK, to downregulate PGC-1α/β, MITF and tyrosinase activity, resulting in a reduced melanin synthesis as compared to BRAFwt melanoma cells. In this scenario, V600BRAF switches on a metabolic reprogramming in melanoma, leading to a decreased OXPHOS activity and increased glycolytic ATP, lactate, HIF-1α and MCT4 levels. Furthermore, the induction of autophagy and the presence of ER stress markers in V600BRAF metastatic melanoma cells suggest that metabolic adaptations of these cells occur as compensatory survival mechanisms. For the first time, we underline the role of peIF2α as an important marker of metastatic behaviour in melanoma. Our results suggest the hypothesis that inhibition of the glycolytic pathway, inactivation of peIF2α and a reduction of basal autophagy could be suitable targets for novel combination therapies in a specific subgroup of metastatic melanoma.
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26
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Omairi S, Matsakas A, Degens H, Kretz O, Hansson KA, Solbrå AV, Bruusgaard JC, Joch B, Sartori R, Giallourou N, Mitchell R, Collins-Hooper H, Foster K, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Sandri M, Narkar V, Swann JR, Huber TB, Patel K. Enhanced exercise and regenerative capacity in a mouse model that violates size constraints of oxidative muscle fibres. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27494364 PMCID: PMC4975572 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A central tenet of skeletal muscle biology is the existence of an inverse relationship between the oxidative fibre capacity and its size. However, robustness of this relationship is unknown. We show that superimposition of Estrogen-related receptor gamma (Errγ) on the myostatin (Mtn) mouse null background (Mtn-/-/ErrγTg/+) results in hypertrophic muscle with a high oxidative capacity thus violating the inverse relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity. We also examined the canonical view that oxidative muscle phenotype positively correlate with Satellite cell number, the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, hypertrophic fibres from Mtn-/-/ErrγTg/+ mouse showed satellite cell deficit which unexpectedly did not affect muscle regeneration. These observations 1) challenge the concept of a constraint between fibre size and oxidative capacity and 2) indicate the important role of the microcirculation in the regenerative capacity of a muscle even when satellite cell numbers are reduced. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16940.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Omairi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kenth-Arne Hansson
- Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Våvang Solbrå
- Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jo C Bruusgaard
- Centre for Integrative Neuroplasticity, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Barbara Joch
- Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Natasa Giallourou
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Keith Foster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vihang Narkar
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Houston, Texas.,FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis ZBSA, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis ZBSA, Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Serguienko A, Grad I, Wennerstrøm AB, Meza-Zepeda LA, Thiede B, Stratford EW, Myklebost O, Munthe E. Metabolic reprogramming of metastatic breast cancer and melanoma by let-7a microRNA. Oncotarget 2016; 6:2451-65. [PMID: 25669981 PMCID: PMC4385863 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Let-7 microRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved well-established promoters of terminal differentiation that are expressed in healthy adult tissues and frequently repressed in cancer cells. The tumor suppressive role of let-7 in a variety of cancers in vitro and in vivo has been widely documented and prompted these miRNAs to be candidate genes for miRNA replacement therapy. In this study we described a new role of let-7a in reprogramming cancer metabolism, recently identified as a new hallmark of cancer. We show that let-7a down-regulates key anabolic enzymes and increases both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in triple-negative breast cancer and metastatic melanoma cell lines. Strikingly, the accelerated glycolysis coexists with drastically reduced cancer features. Moreover, let-7a causes mitochondrial ROS production concomitant with the up-regulation of oxidative stress responsive genes. To exploit these increased ROS levels for therapeutic purposes, we combined let-7a transfection with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. In both cancer types let-7a increased cell sensitivity to doxorubicin. Pre-treatment with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) totally abolished this effect, indicating that the increased doxorubicin sensitivity of let-7a cells depends on the redox pathway. We thus have demonstrated that let-7a plays a prominent role in regulating energy metabolism in cancer cells, further expanding its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Serguienko
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iwona Grad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna B Wennerstrøm
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Genomics Core Facility, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bernd Thiede
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva W Stratford
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Munthe
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Cancer Stem Cell Innovation Centre, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Van Houten B, Hunter SE, Meyer JN. Mitochondrial DNA damage induced autophagy, cell death, and disease. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:42-54. [PMID: 26709760 DOI: 10.2741/4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondria contain multiple small genomes. While these organelles have efficient base excision removal of oxidative DNA lesions and alkylation damage, many DNA repair systems that work on nuclear DNA damage are not active in mitochondria. What is the fate of DNA damage in the mitochondria that cannot be repaired or that overwhelms the repair system? Some forms of mitochondrial DNA damage can apparently trigger mitochondrial DNA destruction, either via direct degradation or through specific forms of autophagy, such as mitophagy. However, accumulation of certain types of mitochondrial damage, in the absence of DNA ligase III (Lig3) or exonuclease G (EXOG), can directly trigger cell death. This review examines the cellular effects of persistent damage to mitochondrial genomes and discusses the very different cell fates that occur in response to different kinds of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 15213-1863,
| | - Senyene E Hunter
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328
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29
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Direct link between metabolic regulation and the heat-shock response through the transcriptional regulator PGC-1α. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5669-78. [PMID: 26438876 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516219112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years an extensive effort has been made to elucidate the molecular pathways involved in metabolic signaling in health and disease. Here we show, surprisingly, that metabolic regulation and the heat-shock/stress response are directly linked. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a critical transcriptional coactivator of metabolic genes, acts as a direct transcriptional repressor of heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1), a key regulator of the heat-shock/stress response. Our findings reveal that heat-shock protein (HSP) gene expression is suppressed during fasting in mouse liver and in primary hepatocytes dependent on PGC-1α. HSF1 and PGC-1α associate physically and are colocalized on several HSP promoters. These observations are extended to several cancer cell lines in which PGC-1α is shown to repress the ability of HSF1 to activate gene-expression programs necessary for cancer survival. Our study reveals a surprising direct link between two major cellular transcriptional networks, highlighting a previously unrecognized facet of the activity of the central metabolic regulator PGC-1α beyond its well-established ability to boost metabolic genes via its interactions with nuclear hormone receptors and nuclear respiratory factors. Our data point to PGC-1α as a critical repressor of HSF1-mediated transcriptional programs, a finding with possible implications both for our understanding of the full scope of metabolically regulated target genes in vivo and, conceivably, for therapeutics.
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30
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MitoTALEN: A General Approach to Reduce Mutant mtDNA Loads and Restore Oxidative Phosphorylation Function in Mitochondrial Diseases. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1592-9. [PMID: 26159306 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have designed mitochondrially targeted transcription activator-like effector nucleases or mitoTALENs to cleave specific sequences in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with the goal of eliminating mtDNA carrying pathogenic point mutations. To test the generality of the approach, we designed mitoTALENs to target two relatively common pathogenic mtDNA point mutations associated with mitochondrial diseases: the m.8344A>G tRNA(Lys) gene mutation associated with myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers (MERRF) and the m.13513G>A ND5 mutation associated with MELAS/Leigh syndrome. Transmitochondrial cybrid cells harbouring the respective heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations were transfected with the respective mitoTALEN and analyzed after different time periods. MitoTALENs efficiently reduced the levels of the targeted pathogenic mtDNAs in the respective cell lines. Functional assays showed that cells with heteroplasmic mutant mtDNA were able to recover respiratory capacity and oxidative phosphorylation enzymes activity after transfection with the mitoTALEN. To improve the design in the context of the low complexity of mtDNA, we designed shorter versions of the mitoTALEN specific for the MERRF m.8344A>G mutation. These shorter mitoTALENs also eliminated the mutant mtDNA. These reductions in size will improve our ability to package these large sequences into viral vectors, bringing the use of these genetic tools closer to clinical trials.
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31
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Betaine is a positive regulator of mitochondrial respiration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 456:621-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Martínez-Reyes I, Cuezva JM. The H+-ATP synthase: A gate to ROS-mediated cell death or cell survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1837:1099-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Wang X, Peralta S, Moraes CT. Mitochondrial alterations during carcinogenesis: a review of metabolic transformation and targets for anticancer treatments. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 119:127-60. [PMID: 23870511 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play important roles in multiple cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell death, and aging. Regulated energy production and utilization are critical in maintaining energy homeostasis in normal cells and functional organs. However, mitochondria go through a series of morphological and functional alterations during carcinogenesis. The metabolic profile in transformed cells is altered to accommodate their fast proliferation, confer resistance to cell death, or facilitate metastasis. These transformations also provide targets for anticancer treatment at different levels. In this review, we discuss the major modifications in cell metabolism during carcinogenesis, including energy metabolism, apoptotic and autophagic cell death, adaptation of tumor microenvironment, and metastasis. We also summarize some of the main metabolic targets for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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34
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Hofer A, Noe N, Tischner C, Kladt N, Lellek V, Schauß A, Wenz T. Defining the action spectrum of potential PGC-1α activators on a mitochondrial and cellular level in vivo. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:2400-15. [PMID: 24334768 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a therapeutic benefit of pharmaceutical PGC-1α activation in cellular and murine model of disorders linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. While in some cases, this effect seems to be clearly associated with boosting of mitochondrial function, additional alterations as well as tissue- and cell-type-specific effects might play an important role. We initiated a comprehensive analysis of the effects of potential PGC-1α-activating drugs and pharmaceutically targeted the PPAR (bezafibrate, rosiglitazone), AMPK (AICAR, metformin) and Sirt1 (resveratrol) pathways in HeLa cells, neuronal cells and PGC-1α-deficient MEFs to get insight into cell type specificity and PGC-1α dependence of their working action. We used bezafibrate as a model drug to assess the effect on a tissue-specific level in a murine model. Not all analyzed drugs activate the PGC pathway or alter mitochondrial protein levels. However, they all affect supramolecular assembly of OXPHOS complexes and OXPHOS protein stability. In addition, a clear drug- and cell-type-specific influence on several cellular stress pathways as well as on post-translational modifications could be demonstrated, which might be relevant to fully understand the action of the analyzed drugs in the disease state. Importantly, the effect on the activation of mitochondrial biogenesis and stress response program upon drug treatment is PGC-1α dependent in MEFs demonstrating not only the pleiotropic effects of this molecule but points also to the working mechanism of the analyzed drugs. The definition of the action spectrum of the different drugs forms the basis for a defect-specific compensation strategy and a future personalized therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Hofer
- Institute for Genetics and Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47A, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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35
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Sánchez-Aragó M, Formentini L, Cuezva JM. Mitochondria-mediated energy adaption in cancer: the H(+)-ATP synthase-geared switch of metabolism in human tumors. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:285-98. [PMID: 22901241 PMCID: PMC3691914 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Since the signing of the National Cancer Act in 1971, cancer still remains a major cause of death despite significant progresses made in understanding the biology and treatment of the disease. After many years of ostracism, the peculiar energy metabolism of tumors has been recognized as an additional phenotypic trait of the cancer cell. RECENT ADVANCES While the enhanced aerobic glycolysis of carcinomas has already been translated to bedside for precise tumor imaging and staging of cancer patients, accepting that an impaired bioenergetic function of mitochondria is pivotal to understand energy metabolism of tumors and in its progression is debated. However, mitochondrial bioenergetics and cell death are tightly connected. CRITICAL ISSUES Recent clinical findings indicate that H(+)-ATP synthase, a core component of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, is repressed at both the protein and activity levels in human carcinomas. This review summarizes the relevance that mitochondrial function has to understand energy metabolism of tumors and explores the connection between the bioenergetic function of the organelle and the activity of mitochondria as tumor suppressors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The reversible nature of energy metabolism in tumors highlights the relevance that the microenvironment has for tumor progression. Moreover, the stimulation of mitochondrial activity or the inhibition of glycolysis suppresses tumor growth. Future research should elucidate the mechanisms promoting the silencing of oxidative phosphorylation in carcinomas. The aim is the development of new therapeutic strategies tackling energy metabolism to eradicate tumors or at least, to maintain tumor dormancy and transform cancer into a chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Aragó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Centro de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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36
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Cuperlovic-Culf M, Culf AS, Touaibia M, Lefort N. Targeting the latest hallmark of cancer: another attempt at 'magic bullet' drugs targeting cancers' metabolic phenotype. Future Oncol 2013; 8:1315-30. [PMID: 23130930 DOI: 10.2217/fon.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of tumors is remarkably different from the metabolism of corresponding normal cells and tissues. Metabolic alterations are initiated by oncogenes and are required for malignant transformation, allowing cancer cells to resist some cell death signals while producing energy and fulfilling their biosynthetic needs with limiting resources. The distinct metabolic phenotype of cancers provides an interesting avenue for treatment, potentially with minimal side effects. As many cancers show similar metabolic characteristics, drugs targeting the cancer metabolic phenotype are, perhaps optimistically, expected to be 'magic bullet' treatments. Over the last few years there have been a number of potential drugs developed to specifically target cancer metabolism. Several of these drugs are currently in clinical and preclinical trials. This review outlines examples of drugs developed for different targets of significance to cancer metabolism, with a focus on small molecule leads, chemical biology and clinical results for these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cuperlovic-Culf
- National Research Council of Canada, Institute for Information Technology, 100 des Aboiteaux Street, Moncton, NB, E1A 7R1, Canada.
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37
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Zhu J, Wang KZQ, Chu CT. After the banquet: mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and cell survival. Autophagy 2013; 9:1663-76. [PMID: 23787782 DOI: 10.4161/auto.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles of crucial importance to the proper functioning of neuronal, cardiac and other cell types dependent upon aerobic efficiency. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in numerous human conditions, to include cancer, metabolic diseases, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and aging. In recent years, mitochondrial turnover by macroautophagy (mitophagy) has captured the limelight, due in part to discoveries that genes linked to Parkinson disease regulate this quality control process. A rapidly growing literature is clarifying effector mechanisms that underlie the process of mitophagy; however, factors that regulate positive or negative cellular outcomes have been less studied. Here, we review the literature on two major pathways that together may determine cellular adaptation vs. cell death in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy represent two opposing, but coordinated processes that determine mitochondrial content, structure, and function. Recent data indicate that the capacity to undergo mitochondrial biogenesis, which is dysregulated in disease states, may play a key role in determining cell survival following mitophagy-inducing injuries. The current literature on major pathways that regulate mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis is summarized, and mechanisms by which the interplay of these two processes may determine cell fate are discussed. We conclude that in primary neurons and other mitochondrially dependent cells, disruptions in any phase of the mitochondrial recycling process can contribute to cellular dysfunction and disease. Given the emerging importance of crosstalk among regulators of mitochondrial function, autophagy, and biogenesis, signaling pathways that coordinate these processes may contribute to therapeutic strategies that target or regulate mitochondrial turnover and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Pathology; Division of Neuropathology; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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38
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Haq R, Shoag J, Andreu-Perez P, Yokoyama S, Edelman H, Rowe GC, Frederick DT, Hurley AD, Nellore A, Kung AL, Wargo JA, Song JS, Fisher DE, Arany Z, Widlund HR. Oncogenic BRAF regulates oxidative metabolism via PGC1α and MITF. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:302-15. [PMID: 23477830 PMCID: PMC3635826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in BRAF are the most common genetic alterations in melanoma. Inhibition of BRAF by small molecules leads to cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. We show here that BRAF inhibition also induces an oxidative phosphorylation gene program, mitochondrial biogenesis, and the increased expression of the mitochondrial master regulator, PGC1α. We further show that a target of BRAF, the melanocyte lineage factor MITF, directly regulates the expression of PGC1α. Melanomas with activation of the BRAF/MAPK pathway have suppressed levels of MITF and PGC1α and decreased oxidative metabolism. Conversely, treatment of BRAF-mutated melanomas with BRAF inhibitors renders them addicted to oxidative phosphorylation. Our data thus identify an adaptive metabolic program that limits the efficacy of BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Haq
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jonathan Shoag
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02116
| | - Pedro Andreu-Perez
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hannah Edelman
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Glenn C. Rowe
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02116
| | - Dennie T. Frederick
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Aeron D. Hurley
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Abhinav Nellore
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Andrew L. Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jennifer A. Wargo
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Jun S. Song
- Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - David E. Fisher
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Center, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
- corresponding authors who contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Hans Widlund, ; Zolt Arany, ; or David E. Fisher,
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02116
- corresponding authors who contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Hans Widlund, ; Zolt Arany, ; or David E. Fisher,
| | - Hans R. Widlund
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- corresponding authors who contributed equally to this work. Correspondence: Hans Widlund, ; Zolt Arany, ; or David E. Fisher,
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39
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Read-through therapy for mitochondrial DNA nonsense mutations. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:1063-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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40
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Deficiency of the complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain but improved adenylate control over succinate-dependent respiration are human gastric cancer-specific phenomena. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 370:69-78. [PMID: 22821176 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of study was to comparatively characterize the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and function of respiratory chain in mitochondria in human gastric corpus mucosa undergoing transition from normal to cancer states and in human gastric cancer cell lines, MKN28 and MKN45. The tissue samples taken by endobiopsy and the cells were permeabilized by saponin treatment to assess mitochondrial function in situ by high-resolution oxygraphy. Compared to the control group of endobiopsy samples, the maximal capacity of OXPHOS in the cancer group was almost twice lower. The respiratory chain complex I-dependent respiration, normalized to complex II-dependent respiration, was reduced that suggests deficiency of complex I, but the respiratory control by ADP in the presence of succinate was increased. Similar changes were observed also in mucosa adjacent to cancer tissue. The respiratory capacity of MKN45 cells was higher than that of MKN28 cells, but both types of cells exhibited a deficiency of complex I of the respiratory chain which appears to be an intrinsic property of the cancer cells. In conclusion, human gastric cancer is associated with decreased respiratory capacity, deficiency of the respiratory complex I of mitochondria, and improved coupling of succinate oxidation to phosphorylation in tumor tissue and adjacent atrophic mucosa. Detection of these changes in endobiopsy samples may be of diagnostic value.
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Jose C, Rossignol R. Rationale for mitochondria-targeting strategies in cancer bioenergetic therapies. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:123-9. [PMID: 22776740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the 1920s, Otto Warburg first hypothesized that mitochondrial impairment is a leading cause of cancer although he recognized the existence of oxidative tumors. Likewise, Weinhouse and others in the 50s found that deficient mitochondrial respiration is not an obligatory feature of cancer and Peter Vaupel suggested in the 1990s that tumor oxygenation rather than OXPHOS capacity was the limiting factor of mitochondrial energy production in cancer. Recent studies now clearly indicate that mitochondria are highly functional in mice tumors and the field of oncobioenergetic identified MYC, Oct1 and RAS as pro-OXPHOS oncogenes. In addition, cancer cells adaptation to aglycemia, metabolic symbiosis between hypoxic and non-hypoxic tumor regions as well the reverse Warburg hypothesis support the crucial role of mitochondria in the survival of a subclass of tumors. Therefore, mitochondria are now considered as potential targets for anti-cancer therapy and tentative strategies including a bioenergetic profile characterization of the tumor and the subsequent adapted bioenergetic modulation could be considered for cancer killing. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Bioenergetic dysfunction, adaptation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jose
- Univ. Bordeaux, Maladies Rares: Génétique et Métabolisme (MRGM), EA 4576, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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Kim JH, Lee DC. Mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood is associated with femoral neck bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1465-72. [PMID: 22589267 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction is related to aging and metabolic disorders. Yet there are few studies of the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and mitochondrial content in humans. We investigated the relationship between BMD and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in peripheral blood of postmenopausal women. METHODS The study included 146 postmenopausal women. Enrolled subjects were taking no medications and had no disorders that altered bone metabolism. We measured BMD using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and leukocyte mtDNA copy number using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Anthropometric evaluations and biochemical tests were performed. RESULTS Patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis had lower mtDNA copy numbers than normal subjects (p < 0.0001). Femoral neck BMD was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.01, p = 0.04) and with serum levels of adiponectin (r = -0.22, p = 0.01) and osteocalcin (r = -0.31, p = 0.0001). Serum levels of 25-OH vitamin D (r = 0.32, p < 0.0001) and mtDNA copy number (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001) were positively correlated with femoral neck BMD. Multiple regression analysis showed that mtDNA copy number (ß = 0.156, p < 0.001) was an independent factor associated with femoral neck BMD after adjustment for age, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, osteocalcin, homocysteine, lipid profiles, 25-OH vitamin D, and regular exercise. mtDNA copy number was not related to lumbar BMD. CONCLUSION Low mtDNA content in peripheral blood is related to decreased femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a potential pathophysiologic mechanism of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ha Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Healthcare Center, Korea
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Horan MP, Pichaud N, Ballard JWO. Review: Quantifying Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Complex Diseases of Aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 67:1022-35. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glr263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dillon LM, Rebelo AP, Moraes CT. The role of PGC-1 coactivators in aging skeletal muscle and heart. IUBMB Life 2012; 64:231-41. [PMID: 22279035 DOI: 10.1002/iub.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the progressive decline in cellular, tissue, and organ function. This complex process often manifests as loss of muscular strength, cardiovascular function, and cognitive ability. Mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased mitochondrial biogenesis are believed to participate in metabolic abnormalities and loss of organ function, which will eventually contribute to aging and decreased lifespan. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging skeletal muscle and heart. We focused our discussion on the role of PGC-1 coactivators in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and function and possible therapeutic benefits of increased mitochondrial biogenesis in compensating for mitochondrial dysfunction and circumventing aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloye M Dillon
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
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Jones AWE, Yao Z, Vicencio JM, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Szabadkai G. PGC-1 family coactivators and cell fate: roles in cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease and retrograde mitochondria-nucleus signalling. Mitochondrion 2011; 12:86-99. [PMID: 21983689 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, a complex nuclear transcriptional machinery controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and function has been described. Central to this network are the PGC-1 family coactivators, characterised as master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. Recent literature has identified a broader role for PGC-1 coactivators in both cell death and cellular adaptation under conditions of stress, here reviewed in the context of the pathology associated with cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, we propose that these studies also imply a novel conceptual framework on the general role of mitochondrial dysfunction in disease. It is now well established that the complex nuclear transcriptional control of mitochondrial biogenesis allows for adaptation of mitochondrial mass and function to environmental conditions. On the other hand, it has also been suggested that mitochondria alter their function according to prevailing cellular energetic requirements and thus function as sensors that generate signals to adjust fundamental cellular processes through a retrograde mitochondria-nucleus signalling pathway. Therefore, altered mitochondrial function can affect cell fate not only directly by modifying cellular energy levels or redox state, but also indirectly, by altering nuclear transcriptional patterns. The current literature on such retrograde signalling in both yeast and mammalian cells is thus reviewed, with an outlook on its potential contribution to disease through the regulation of PGC-1 family coactivators. We propose that further investigation of these pathways will lead to the identification of novel pharmacological targets and treatment strategies to combat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleck W E Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
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Wang X, Moraes CT. Increases in mitochondrial biogenesis impair carcinogenesis at multiple levels. Mol Oncol 2011; 5:399-409. [PMID: 21855427 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial respiration is decreased in most cancer cells, the role of this decrease in carcinogenesis and cancer progression is still unclear. To better understand this phenomenon, instead of further inhibiting mitochondrial function, we induced mitochondrial biogenesis in transformed cells by activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) pathways. This was achieved by treating the cells with bezafibrate, a PPARs panagonist that also enhances PGC-1α expression. We confirmed that bezafibrate treatment led to increased mitochondrial proteins and enzyme functions. We found that cells with increased mitochondrial biogenesis had decreased growth rates in glucose-containing medium. In addition, they became less invasive, which was directly linked to the reduced lactate levels. Surprisingly, even though bezafibrate-treated cells had higher levels of mitochondrial markers, total respiration was not significantly altered. However, respiratory coupling, and ATP levels were. Our data show that by increasing the efficiency of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, cancer progression is hampered by decreases in cell proliferation and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Cheng CF, Ku HC, Lin H. Functional alpha 1 protease inhibitor produced by a human hepatoma cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982; 19:ijms19113447. [PMID: 30400212 PMCID: PMC6274980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha 1 protease inhibitor antigen was identified in the culture medium of the human ascites hepatoma cell line SK-HEP-1. Trypsin inhibitory activity and alpha 1 Pl antigen accumulated in serum-free medium concomitantly over a period of several days. Radioactive alpha 1 Pl antigen was detected in conditioned medium from cultures supplemented with 35S-L-methionine, indicating a synthesis and release of the protein. Alpha 1 Pl antigen in conditioned medium appeared to be antigenically identical to that in human plasma, and the newly synthesized (radiolabeled) antigen co-migrated with plasma, alpha 1 Pl after immunoelectrophoresis or SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Moreover, evidence is presented that the synthesized inhibitor exhibits functional activity, since the 35S-labeled alpha 1 Pl in conditioned medium complexes with trypsin. We conclude that SK-HEP-1 cells in culture produce functionally active alpha 1 Pl which may be identical to that in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Heng Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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