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Luo X, Jiang J, Zhou J, Chen J, Cheng B, Li X. MyC Factor Analogue CO5 Promotes the Growth of Lotus japonicus and Enhances Stress Resistance by Activating the Expression of Relevant Genes. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:458. [PMID: 39057343 PMCID: PMC11278419 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants is well known for its benefits in enhancing plant growth and stress resistance. Research on whether key components of the AMF colonization process, such as MyC factors, can be directly utilized to activate plant symbiotic pathways and key functional gene expression is still lacking. In this paper, we found that, using a hydroponics system with Lotus japonicus, MyC factor analogue chitin oligomer 5 (CO5) had a more pronounced growth-promoting effect compared to symbiosis with AMF at the optimal concentration. Additionally, CO5 significantly enhanced the resistance of Lotus japonicus to various environmental stresses. The addition of CO5 activated symbiosis, nutrient absorption, and stress-related signaling pathways, like AMF symbiosis, and CO5 also activated a higher and more extensive gene expression profile compared to AMF colonization. Overall, the study demonstrated that the addition of MyC factor analogue CO5, by activating relevant pathways, had a superior effect on promoting plant growth and enhancing stress resistance compared to colonization by AMF. These findings suggest that utilizing MyC factor analogues like CO5 could be a promising alternative to traditional AMF colonization methods in enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Luo
- Schools of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.L.); (J.J.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaqing Jiang
- Schools of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.L.); (J.J.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Schools of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.L.); (J.J.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Schools of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.L.); (J.J.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- Schools of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.L.); (J.J.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Schools of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (X.L.); (J.J.); (J.Z.); (J.C.)
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Gao YQ, Chao DY. Localization and circulation: vesicle trafficking in regulating plant nutrient homeostasis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1350-1363. [PMID: 36321185 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient homeostasis is essential for plant growth and reproduction. Plants, therefore, have evolved tightly regulated mechanisms for the uptake, translocation, distribution, and storage of mineral nutrients. Considering that inorganic nutrient transport relies on membrane-based transporters and channels, vesicle trafficking, one of the fundamental cell biological processes, has become a hotspot of plant nutrition studies. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the study of how vesicle trafficking regulates nutrient homeostasis to contribute to the adaptation of plants to heterogeneous environments. We also discuss new perspectives on future studies, which may inspire researchers to investigate new approaches to improve the human diet and health by changing the nutrient quality of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Gao
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence & School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Wang P, Snijders R, Kohlen W, Liu J, Bisseling T, Limpens E. Medicago SPX1 and SPX3 regulate phosphate homeostasis, mycorrhizal colonization, and arbuscule degradation. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3470-3486. [PMID: 34469578 PMCID: PMC8567062 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To acquire sufficient mineral nutrients such as phosphate (Pi) from the soil, most plants engage in symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Attracted by plant-secreted strigolactones (SLs), the fungi colonize the roots and form highly branched hyphal structures called arbuscules inside inner cortex cells. The host plant must control the different steps of this interaction to maintain its symbiotic nature. However, how plants sense the amount of Pi obtained from the fungus, and how this determines the arbuscule lifespan, are far from understood. Here, we show that Medicago truncatula SPX-domain containing proteins SPX1 and SPX3 regulate root Pi starvation responses, in part by interacting with PHOSPHATE RESPONSE REGULATOR2, as well as fungal colonization and arbuscule degradation. SPX1 and SPX3 are induced upon Pi starvation but become more restricted to arbuscule-containing cells upon the establishment of symbiosis. This induction in arbuscule-containing cells is associated with the presence of cis-regulatory AW-boxes and transcriptional regulation by the WRINKLED1-like transcription factor WRI5a. Under Pi-limiting conditions, SPX1 and SPX3 facilitate the expression of the SL biosynthesis gene DWARF27, which could help explain the increased fungal branching in response to root exudates. Later, in arbuscule-containing cells, SPX1 and SPX3 redundantly control arbuscule degradation. Thus, SPX proteins play important roles as phosphate sensors to maintain a beneficial AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roxane Snijders
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kohlen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Author for correspondence:
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Selvaraj A, Thangavel K, Uthandi S. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus intraradices) and diazotrophic bacterium (Rhizobium BMBS) primed defense in blackgram against herbivorous insect (Spodoptera litura) infestation. Microbiol Res 2020; 231:126355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Han G, Cheng C, Zheng Y, Wang X, Xu Y, Wang W, Zhu S, Cheng B. Identification of Long Non-Coding RNAs and the Regulatory Network Responsive to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization in Maize Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4491. [PMID: 31514333 PMCID: PMC6769569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as vital regulators of many biological processes in animals and plants. However, to our knowledge no investigations on plant lncRNAs which respond to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have been reported thus far. In this study, maize roots colonized with AM fungus were analyzed by strand-specific RNA-Seq to identify AM fungi-responsive lncRNAs and construct an associated regulatory network. A total of 1837 differentially expressed protein coding genes (DEGs) were identified from maize roots with Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation. Many AM fungi-responsive genes were homologs to MtPt4, STR, STR2, MtFatM, and enriched pathways such as fatty acid biosynthesis, response to phosphate starvation, and nitrogen metabolism are consistent with previous studies. In total, 5941 lncRNAs were identified, of which more than 3000 were new. Of those, 63 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. The putative target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were mainly related to phosphate ion transmembrane transport, cellular response to potassium ion starvation, and lipid catabolic processes. Regulatory network analysis showed that DELs might be involved in the regulation of bidirectional nutrient exchange between plant and AM fungi as mimicry of microRNA targets. The results of this study can broaden our knowledge on the interaction between plant and AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Han
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yanmei Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Yunjian Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Suwen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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