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Wu D, Lei K, Wang D, Fu ZQ. Effector-triggered and self-regulated plant resistance to insects. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:1-3. [PMID: 37838518 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite many years of research, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation and regulation of host plant resistance (HPR) to insects remain elusive. Recently, Guo et al. reported that a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat NLR protein activates HPR through direct recognition of an insect effector and that autophagy-mediated degradation of this effector negatively regulates HPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Kang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Chen J, Chen J, Sun Z. Staying vigilant: NLR monitors virus invasion. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:617-619. [PMID: 36935266 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play important roles in plant immunity. Recently, Chen et al. discovered that the tomato spotted wilt virus attacks the plant hormone receptor to promote infection. Plants evolved an immune receptor to mimic the attacked hormone receptors to recognize the virus, thereby activating a robust immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Zhang S, Chen J. Ubiquitination of PHYTOSULFOKINE RECEPTOR1 regulates plant immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad224. [PMID: 37061833 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhang
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists, USA
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Zhai R, Huang A, Mo R, Zou C, Wei X, Yang M, Tan H, Huang K, Qin J. SNP-based bulk segregant analysis revealed disease resistance QTLs associated with northern corn leaf blight in maize. Front Genet 2022; 13:1038948. [PMID: 36506330 PMCID: PMC9732028 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1038948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important food security crop worldwide. Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), caused by Exserohilum turcicum, severely reduces production causing millions of dollars in losses worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to identify significant QTLs associated with NCLB by utilizing next-generation sequencing-based bulked-segregant analysis (BSA). Parental lines GML71 (resistant) and Gui A10341 (susceptible) were used to develop segregating population F2. Two bulks with 30 plants each were further selected from the segregating population for sequencing along with the parental lines. High throughput sequencing data was used for BSA. We identified 10 QTLs on Chr 1, Chr 2, Chr 3, and Chr 5 with 265 non-synonymous SNPs. Moreover, based on annotation information, we identified 27 candidate genes in the QTL regions. The candidate genes associated with disease resistance include AATP1, At4g24790, STICHEL-like 2, BI O 3-BIO1, ZAR1, SECA2, ABCG25, LECRK54, MKK7, MKK9, RLK902, and DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase. The annotation information suggested their involvement in disease resistance-related pathways, including protein phosphorylation, cytoplasmic vesicle, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, and ATP binding pathways. Our study provides a substantial addition to the available information regarding QTLs associated with NCLB, and further functional verification of identified candidate genes can broaden the scope of understanding the NCLB resistance mechanism in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Zhai
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Aihua Huang
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Runxiu Mo
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chenglin Zou
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinxing Wei
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hua Tan
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Kaijian Huang
- Maize Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: Kaijian Huang, ; Jie Qin,
| | - Jie Qin
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China,*Correspondence: Kaijian Huang, ; Jie Qin,
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Liu N, Chen H, Wang X, Wang D, Fu ZQ. TIRggering cell death via two enzymatic reactions. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1263-1265. [PMID: 35808828 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Huang F, Wu F, Yu M, Shabala S. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins: a missing link in controlling cell fate and plant adaptation to hostile environment? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:631-635. [PMID: 34661650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is a tightly regulated genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide and eliminates cells that are either no longer needed or damaged/harmful. Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins have recently emerged as a novel class of Ca2+-permeable channels that operate in plant immune responses. This viewpoint argues that the unique structure of this channel, its permeability to other cations, and specificity of its operation make it an ideal candidate to mediate cell signaling and adaptive responses not only to pathogens but also to a broad range of abiotic stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Huang
- College of Life and Oceanography Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7005, Australia
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Khan MSS, Islam F, Chen H, Chang M, Wang D, Liu F, Fu ZQ, Chen J. Transcriptional Coactivators: Driving Force of Plant Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823937. [PMID: 35154230 PMCID: PMC8831314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense signal that mediates local and systemic immune responses against pathogen invasion. However, the underlying mechanism of SA-mediated defense is very complex due to the involvement of various positive and negative regulators to fine-tune its signaling in diverse pathosystems. Upon pathogen infections, elevated level of SA promotes massive transcriptional reprogramming in which Non-expresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) acts as a central hub and transcriptional coactivator in defense responses. Recent findings show that Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) also functions as a transcriptional coactivator and stimulates the expression of PR1 in the presence of NPR1 and SA. Furthermore, EDS1 stabilizes NPR1 protein level, while NPR1 sustains EDS1 expression during pathogenic infection. The interaction of NPR1 and EDS1 coactivators initiates transcriptional reprogramming by recruiting cyclin-dependent kinase 8 in the Mediator complex to control immune responses. In this review, we highlight the recent breakthroughs that considerably advance our understanding on how transcriptional coactivators interact with their functional partners to trigger distinct pathways to facilitate immune responses, and how SA accumulation induces dynamic changes in NPR1 structure for transcriptional reprogramming. In addition, the functions of different Mediator subunits in SA-mediated plant immunity are also discussed in light of recent discoveries. Taken together, the available evidence suggests that transcriptional coactivators are essential and potent regulators of plant defense pathways and play crucial roles in coordinating plant immune responses during plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ming Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Plant Health, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengquan Liu,
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Zheng Qing Fu,
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jian Chen,
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