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Konozy EHE, Osman MEM, Dirar AI. A Comprehensive Review on Euphorbiaceae lectins: Structural and Biological Perspectives. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1956-1969. [PMID: 38105212 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbiaceae, also known as the spurge family, is a large group of flowering plants. Despite being tropical natives, they are now widespread. Due to its medicinal and commercial importance, this family of plants attracted a lot of attention in the scientific community. The distinctive characteristic of the family is production of milky latex, which is a rich source of several lectins, the proteins that bind carbohydrates. Although their function is unclear, they are believed to defend plants against damaging phytopathogenic microorganisms, insects, and predatory animals. Additionally, they serve as crucial metabolic regulators under a variety of stressors. Detection, separation, purification, and characterization of lectins from the Euphorbiaceae family - mostly from the latex of plants - began over 40 years ago. This effort produced over 35 original research papers that were published. However, no systematic review that compiles these published data has been presented yet. This review summarizes and describes several procedures and protocols employed for extraction and purification of lectins belonging to this family. Physicochemical properties and biological activities of the lectins, along with their medicinal and pharmacological properties, have also been analyzed. Additionally, using examples of ricin and ricin agglutinin, we have structurally analyzed characteristics of the lectin known as Ribosome Inactivating Protein Type II (RIP-Type II) that belongs to this family. We anticipate that this review article will offer a useful compendium of information on this important family of lectins, show the scientists involved in lectin research the gaps in our knowledge, and offer insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin Hassan E Konozy
- Department of Biotechnology, Africa City of Technology (ACT), Khartoum, Sudan.
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karary University, Omdurman, Khartoum State, Sudan
| | | | - Amina I Dirar
- Medicinal, Aromatic Plants, and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTRI), National Center for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
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Falach R, Sapoznikov A, Gal Y, Elhanany E, Evgy Y, Shifman O, Aftalion M, Ehrlich S, Lazar S, Sabo T, Kronman C, Mazor O. The low density receptor-related protein 1 plays a significant role in ricin-mediated intoxication of lung cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9007. [PMID: 32488096 PMCID: PMC7265403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ricin, a highly lethal plant-derived toxin, is a potential biological threat agent due to its high availability, ease of production and the lack of approved medical countermeasures for post-exposure treatment. To date, no specific ricin receptors were identified. Here we show for the first time, that the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) is a major target molecule for binding of ricin. Pretreating HEK293 acetylcholinesterase-producer cells with either anti-LRP1 antibodies or with Receptor-Associated Protein (a natural LRP1 antagonist), or using siRNA to knock-down LRP1 expression resulted in a marked reduction in their sensitivity towards ricin. Binding assays further demonstrated that ricin bound exclusively to the cluster II binding domain of LRP1, via the ricin B subunit. Ricin binding to the cluster II binding domain of LRP1 was significantly reduced by an anti-ricin monoclonal antibody, which confers high-level protection to ricin pulmonary-exposed mice. Finally, we tested the contribution of LRP1 receptor to ricin intoxication of lung cells derived from mice. Treating these cells with anti-LRP1 antibody prior to ricin exposure, prevented their intoxication. Taken together, our findings clearly demonstrate that the LRP1 receptor plays an important role in ricin-induced pulmonary intoxications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Falach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel.
| | - Anita Sapoznikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Yoav Gal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Eytan Elhanany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Yentl Evgy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Ohad Shifman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Sharon Ehrlich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Tamar Sabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Chanoch Kronman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
| | - Ohad Mazor
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, 19 Reuven Lerer St., Ness-Ziona, 76100, Israel
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Zheng J, Zhao C, Tian G, He L. Rapid screening for ricin toxin on letter papers using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Talanta 2017; 162:552-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Szlag VM, Styles MJ, Madison LR, Campos AR, Wagh B, Sprouse D, Schatz GC, Reineke TM, Haynes CL. SERS Detection of Ricin B-Chain via N-Acetyl-Galactosamine Glycopolymers. ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M. Szlag
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Matthew J. Styles
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lindsey R. Madison
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Antonio R. Campos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bharat Wagh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dustin Sprouse
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department
of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208 United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Boyaci IH, Temiz HT, Geniş HE, Acar Soykut E, Yazgan NN, Güven B, Uysal RS, Bozkurt AG, İlaslan K, Torun O, Dudak Şeker FC. Dispersive and FT-Raman spectroscopic methods in food analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12463d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique for molecular analysis of food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hakki Boyaci
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Havva Tümay Temiz
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Efe Geniş
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | | | - Nazife Nur Yazgan
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Burcu Güven
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Reyhan Selin Uysal
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Akif Göktuğ Bozkurt
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Kerem İlaslan
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Ozlem Torun
- Department of Food Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hacettepe University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
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