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Kaiser C, Halbritter T, Heckel A, Wachtveitl J. Proton-Transfer Dynamics of Photoacidic Merocyanines in Aqueous Solution. Chemistry 2021; 27:9160-9173. [PMID: 33929051 PMCID: PMC8361770 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoacids attract increasing scientific attention, as they are valuable tools to spatiotemporally control proton‐release reactions and pH values of solutions. We present the first time‐resolved spectroscopic study of the excited state and proton‐release dynamics of prominent merocyanine representatives. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements of a pyridine merocyanine with two distinct protonation sites revealed dissimilar proton‐release mechanisms: one site acts as a photoacid generator as its pKa value is modulated in the ground state after photoisomerization, while the other functions as an excited state photoacid which releases its proton within 1.1 ps. With a pKa drop of 8.7 units to −5.5 upon excitation, the latter phenolic site is regarded a super‐photoacid. The 6‐nitro derivative exhibits only a phenolic site with similar, yet slightly less photoacidic characteristics and both compounds transfer their proton to methanol and ethanol. In contrast, for the related 6,8‐dinitro compound an intramolecular proton transfer to the ortho‐nitro group is suggested that is involved in a rapid relaxation into the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kaiser
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, Reykjavik, postcode is missing, Iceland.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Küpper S, Kumar V, Schlücker S. Vibrational Spectroscopic Characterization of 2-(2,4-Dinitrobenzyl)-pyridine (α-DNBP) in Solution by Polarization-Resolved Spontaneous Raman Scattering and Broadband CARS. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6291-6297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Küpper
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
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Araya-Hermosilla E, Catalán-Toledo J, Muñoz-Suescun F, Oyarzun-Ampuero F, Raffa P, Polgar LM, Picchioni F, Moreno-Villoslada I. Totally Organic Redox-Active pH-Sensitive Nanoparticles Stabilized by Amphiphilic Aromatic Polyketones. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1747-1755. [PMID: 29337559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b11254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic aromatic polymers have been synthesized by grafting aliphatic polyketones with 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic acid at different molar ratios via the Paal-Knorr reaction. The resulting polymers, showing diketone conversion degree of 16%, 37%, 53%, and 69%, have been complexed with the redox-active 2,3,5-triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride, a precursor molecule with which aromatic-aromatic interactions are held. Upon addition of ascorbic acid to the complexes, in situ reduction of the tetrazolium salt produced 1,3,5-triphenylformazan nanoparticles stabilized by the amphiphilic polymers. The stabilized nanoparticles display highly negative zeta potential [-(35-70) mV] and hydrodynamic diameters in the submicron range (100-400 nm). Nonaromatic polyelectrolytes or hydrophilic aromatic copolymers showing low linear aromatic density and high linear charge density such as acrylate/maleate and sulfonate/maleate-containing polymers were unable to stabilize formazan nanoparticles synthesized by the same method. The copolymers studied here bear uncharged nonaromatic comonomers (unreacted diketone units) as well as charged aromatic comonomers, which furnish amphiphilia. Thus, the linear aromatic density and the maximum linear charge density have the same value for each copolymer, and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance varies with the diketone conversion degree. The amphiphilia of the copolymers allows the stabilization of the nanoparticles, even with the copolymers showing a low linear aromatic density. The method of nanoparticle synthesis constitutes a simple, cheap, and green method for the production of switchable totally organic, redox-active, pH-sensitive nanoparticles that can be reversibly turned into macroprecipitates upon pH changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Araya-Hermosilla
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - José Catalán-Toledo
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile , Casilla 567, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Fabián Muñoz-Suescun
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca , Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Felipe Oyarzun-Ampuero
- Department of Sciences and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Patrizio Raffa
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Massimo Polgar
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Engineering-Product Technology, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile , Casilla 567, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
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Wang G, Zhang J. Photoresponsive molecular switches for biotechnology. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Fu Z, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Tan Y, Liao S, Chen H, Dai J. Synthesis and structure of a mixed crystal containing tris(4-pyridiniumyl)-1,3,5-triazine and benzenetetracarboxylate ions: constructing a new photochromic molecular system viaself-assembly. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce06048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee JH, Naumov P, Chung IH, Lee SC. Solid-State Thermochromism and Phase Transitions of Charge Transfer 1,3-Diamino-4,6-dinitrobenzene Dyes. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10087-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205793b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Lee
- School of Advanced Materials and System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730−701, Korea
| | - Panče Naumov
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2−1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565−0871, Japan
| | - Ihn Hee Chung
- School of Advanced Materials and System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730−701, Korea
| | - Sang Cheol Lee
- School of Advanced Materials and System Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730−701, Korea
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Naumov P, Lee SC, Ishizawa N, Jeong YG, Chung IH, Fukuzumi S. New Type of Dual Solid-State Thermochromism: Modulation of Intramolecular Charge Transfer by Intermolecular π−π Interactions, Kinetic Trapping of the Aci-Nitro Group, and Reversible Molecular Locking. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11354-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902517x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panče Naumov
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, School of Advanced Materials and Systems Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Korea, and Ceramics Research Laboratory, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Tajimi, Gifu 507-0071, Japan
| | - Sang Cheol Lee
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, School of Advanced Materials and Systems Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Korea, and Ceramics Research Laboratory, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Tajimi, Gifu 507-0071, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ishizawa
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, School of Advanced Materials and Systems Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Korea, and Ceramics Research Laboratory, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Tajimi, Gifu 507-0071, Japan
| | - Young Gyu Jeong
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, School of Advanced Materials and Systems Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Korea, and Ceramics Research Laboratory, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Tajimi, Gifu 507-0071, Japan
| | - Ihn Hee Chung
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, School of Advanced Materials and Systems Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Korea, and Ceramics Research Laboratory, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Tajimi, Gifu 507-0071, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, School of Advanced Materials and Systems Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Korea, and Ceramics Research Laboratory, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Tajimi, Gifu 507-0071, Japan
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Piard J, Métivier R, Giraud M, Léaustic A, Yu P, Nakatani K. Photoswitching in diarylethene nanoparticles, a trade-off between bulk solid and solution: towards balanced photochromic and fluorescent properties. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b901800j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Xie Y, Hill J, Schumacher A, Karr P, D'Souza F, Anson C, Powell A, Ariga K. Tautomerism in Novel Oxocorrologens. Chemistry 2007; 13:9824-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Maafi M, Brown RG. Photophysics and kinetics of naphthopyran derivatives, Part 5: An analytical model utilizing temperature effects to evaluate ABC(2k,3–5φ) kinetic parameters. INT J CHEM KINET 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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