A spectroscopic and computational study of stereochemistry in 2-hydroxymutilin

Discovery of Tetralones as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Acyl-CoA:Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1

Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) plays an important role in triglyceride synthesis and is a target of interest for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Herein we describe the structure-activity relationship of a novel tetralone series of DGAT1 inhibitors and our strategies for overcoming genotoxic liability of the anilines embedded in the chemical structures, leading to the discovery of a candidate compound, (S)-2-(6-(5-(3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)ureido)pyrazin-2-yl)-1-oxo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)acetic acid (GSK2973980A, 26d). Compound 26d is a potent and selective DGAT1 inhibitor with excellent DMPK profiles and in vivo efficacy in a postprandial lipid excursion model in mice. Based on the overall biological and developability profiles and acceptable safety profiles in the 7-day toxicity studies in rats and dogs, compound 26d was selected as a candidate compound for further development in the treatment of metabolic disorders.

Molecular structure and vibrational bands and 13C chemical shift assignments of both enmein-type diterpenoids by DFT study

We report here theoretical and experimental studies on the molecular structure and vibrational and NMR spectra of both natural enmein type diterpenoids molecule (6, 7-seco-ent-kaurenes enmein type), isolated from the leaves of Isodon japonica (Burm.f.) Hara var. galaucocalyx (maxin) Hara. The optimized geometry, total energy, NMR chemical shifts and vibrational wavenumbers of epinodosinol and epinodosin have been determined using B3LYP method with 6-311G (d,p) basis set. A complete vibrational assignment is provided for the observed IR spectra of studied compounds. The calculated wavenumbers and 13C c.s. are in an excellent agreement with the experimental values. Quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory have been carried out on studied compounds to obtain a set of molecular electronic properties (MEP,HOMO, LUMO and gap energies ΔEg). Electrostatic potential surfaces have been mapped over the electron density isosurfaces to obtain information about the size, shape, charge density distribution and chemical reactivity of the molecules.

A scalable synthesis of 2S-hydroxymutilin via a modified Rubottom oxidation

A scalable synthesis of 2S-hydroxymutilin from pleuromutilin was developed. The synthesis is highlighted by the Rubottom oxidation of a silyl enol ether, conducted in the presence of acetic acid and pyridine, which allows for an efficient and selective oxidation.

Predicting the NMR spectra of nucleotides by DFT calculations: cyclic uridine monophosphate

We present an experimental and quantum chemical NMR study of the mononucleotide cyclic uridine monophosphate in water. Spectral parameters ((1)H and (13)C chemical shifts and (1)H--(1)H, (13)C--(1)H, (31)P--(13)C and (31)P--(1)H spin-spin coupling constants) have been carefully obtained experimentally and calculated using DFT methods including the solvent effect and the conformational flexibility of the solute. This study confirms that the (1)H and (13)C spectra of polar, flexible molecules in aqueous solution can be predicted with a high level of accuracy, comparable to that obtained for less complex systems.

Comparison of various density functional methods for distinguishing stereoisomers based on computed (1)H or (13)C NMR chemical shifts using diastereomeric penam beta-lactams as a test set

Full (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shift assignments were made for two sets of penam beta-lactams: namely, the diastereomeric (2S, 5S, 6S)-, (2S, 5R, 6R)-, (2S, 5S, 6R)-, and (2S, 5R, 6S)-methyl 6-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylates (1-4) and (2S, 5R, 6R)-, (2S, 5S, 6R)-, and (2S, 5R, 6S)-6-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acids (6-8). Each penam was then modeled as a family of conformers obtained from Monte Carlo searches using the AMBER* force field followed by IEFPCM/B3LYP/6-31G(d) geometry optimization of each conformer using chloroform solvation. (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts for each conformer were computed at the WP04, WC04, B3LYP, and PBE1 density functional levels as Boltzmann averages of IEFPCM/B3LYP/6-311 + G(2d,p) energies over each family. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical chemical shift data were made using the total absolute error (|Deltadelta| (T)) criterion. For the (1)H shift data, all methods were sufficiently accurate to identify the proper stereoisomers. Computed (13)C shifts were not always successful in identifying the correct stereoisomer, regardless of which DFT method was used. The relative ability of each theoretical approach to discriminate among stereoisomers on the basis of proton shifts was also evaluated.