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Fang J, Ke M, Huang G, Tao Y, Cheng D, Chen FE. The Chapman rearrangement in a continuous-flow microreactor. RSC Adv 2019; 9:9270-9280. [PMID: 35517650 PMCID: PMC9062176 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01347d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chapman rearrangement is of practical significance in pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. It is a high temperature reaction with an exothermic nature in numerous cases. The conventional batch-wise synthesis is limited by its operational complexities, temperature control difficulties and scale-up hurdles. In this work, a microreactor-based continuous-flow approach was developed to perform the rearrangement in a highly controlled and safer manner. High conversions were obtained within short residence times (≤20 minutes). The detailed kinetics of this reaction, using 2,6-dichloro-phenyl N-phenyl benzimidate and 2-carbomethoxy-phenyl N-phenyl benzimidate as the representative reactants, was explored at varying temperatures to understand the intensified reaction behavior, and was modelled based on the obtained experimental data. The continuous process was scaled up to a 16-fold larger reactor volume by increasing the diameter of the microreactor while maintaining the residence time without further optimization. A very slight variation was observed in the conversion for the larger-sized flow system. Upscaling the batch reaction to a 10 times larger volume, by contrast, resulted in a dramatic decrease in the conversion. The simplicity of scaling up continuous-flow system was clearly demonstrated. A CFD model coupled with the obtained rearrangement kinetics was developed and well validated against the experimental data, which provided a robust platform for guiding the relevant process design and optimization of the continuous-flow processes. The results presented shed new light on the developments and applications of continuous-flow method for the classical Chapman rearrangement that require harsh high temperatures. A microreactor-based continuous flow method was developed for the high temperature Chapman rearrangement, which was found to be efficient, controllable, safe and scalable.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Miaolin Ke
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Guanxin Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Yuan Tao
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- PR China
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Mertens MD, Pietsch M, Schnakenburg G, Gütschow M. Regioselective Sulfonylation and N- to O-Sulfonyl Migration of Quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and Analogous Thienopyrimidin-4(3H)-ones. J Org Chem 2013; 78:8966-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4010876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D. Mertens
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg
4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Gómez-Zavaglia A, Kaczor A, Almeida R, Cristiano MLS, Eusébio MES, Maria TMR, Mobili P, Fausto R. Thermally Induced Sigmatropic Isomerization of Pseudosaccharyl Allylic Ether. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3517-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gómez-Zavaglia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C. P. 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FCT and CCMAR, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal, and Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - A. Kaczor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C. P. 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FCT and CCMAR, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal, and Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - R. Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C. P. 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FCT and CCMAR, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal, and Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M. L. S. Cristiano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C. P. 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FCT and CCMAR, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal, and Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M. E. S. Eusébio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C. P. 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FCT and CCMAR, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal, and Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - T. M. R. Maria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C. P. 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FCT and CCMAR, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal, and Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - P. Mobili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C. P. 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FCT and CCMAR, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal, and Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - R. Fausto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, C. P. 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, FCT and CCMAR, University of Algarve, P-8005-039 Faro, Portugal, and Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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