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Soromenho MRC, Afonso CAM, Esperança JMSS. Diarylethene-Based Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Photo-Driven Solution Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3533. [PMID: 36834945 PMCID: PMC9960670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the design and synthesis of a series of photochromic gemini diarylethene-based ionic liquids (GDILs) with different cationic motifs is reported. Several synthetic pathways were optimized for the formation of cationic GDILs with chloride as the counterion. The different cationic motifs were achieved through the N-alkylation of the photochromic organic core unit with different tertiary amines, including different aromatic amines such as imidazole derivatives and pyridinium, and other non-aromatic amines. These novel salts present surprising water solubility with unexplored photochromic features that broaden their known applications. The covalent attachment of the different side groups dictates their water solubility and differences upon photocyclization. The physicochemical properties of GDILs in aqueous and in imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) solutions were investigated. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light, we have observed changes in the physico-chemical properties of distinct solutions containing these GDILs, at very low concentrations. More specifically, in aqueous solution, the overall conductivity increased with the time of UV photoirradiation. In contrast, in IL solution, these photoinducible changes are dependent on the type of ionic liquid used. These compounds can improve non-ionic and ionic liquids' solutions since we can change their properties, such as conductivity, viscosity or ionicity, only by UV photoirradiation. The electronic and conformational changes associated with these innovative stimuli GDILs may open new opportunities for their use as photoswitchable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário R. C. Soromenho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicine (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M. S. S. Esperança
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Ester DF, McKearney D, Herasymchuk K, Williams VE. Heterocycle Effects on the Liquid Crystallinity of Terthiophene Analogues. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2314. [PMID: 31331059 PMCID: PMC6678929 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline self-assembly offers the potential to create highly ordered, uniformly aligned, and defect-free thin-film organic semiconductors. Analogues of one of the more promising classes of liquid crystal semiconductors, 5,5"-dialkyl-α-terthiophenes, were prepared in order to investigate the effects of replacing the central thiophene with either an oxadiazole or a thiadiazole ring. The phase behaviour was examined by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and variable temperature x-ray diffraction. While the oxadiazole derivative was not liquid crystalline, thiadiazole derivatives formed smectic C and soft crystal lamellar phases, and maintained lamellar order down to room temperature. Variation of the terminal alkyl chains also influenced the observed phase sequence. Single crystal structures revealed the face-to-face orientation of molecules within the layers in the solid-state, a packing motif that is rationalized based on the shape and dipole of the thiadiazole ring, as corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The solution opto-electronic properties of the systems were characterized by absorption and emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Ester
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Declan McKearney
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Khrystyna Herasymchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Vance E Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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3
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Synthesis and the effect of alkyl chain length on photochromic properties of diarylethene derivatives. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Song X, Yu H, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Ye K, Wang Y. Controllable morphology and self-assembly of one-dimensional luminescent crystals based on alkyl-fluoro-substituted dithienophenazines. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A class of dithienophenazine derivatives, 9,10-difluoro-2,5-dialkyldithieno[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (F-n, n = 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), modified with various lengths of linear alkyl chains were synthesized and used as building blocks to assemble luminescent one-dimensional (1D) nano/microcrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Hanbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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Wu H, Iino H, Hanna JI. Thermally induced bilayered crystals in a solution-processed polycrystalline thin film of phenylterthiophene-based monoalkyl smectic liquid crystals and their effect on FET mobility. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11727b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a series of asymmetric monoalkyl terthiophene derivatives, Ph-(Tp)3-Cn, (6 ≤ n ≤ 18), were synthesized to study the phase transition from monolayered crystal to bilayered crystal, leading to a significant increase of OFET mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Imaging Science and Engineering Research Center
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Midori-ku
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iino
- Imaging Science and Engineering Research Center
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Midori-ku
- Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Hanna
- Imaging Science and Engineering Research Center
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Midori-ku
- Japan
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Yamamoto A, Matsui Y, Asada T, Kumeda M, Takagi K, Suenaga Y, Nagae K, Ohta E, Sato H, Koseki S, Naito H, Ikeda H. Amorphous Solid Simulation and Trial Fabrication of the Organic Field-Effect Transistor of Tetrathienonaphthalenes Prepared by Using Microflow Photochemical Reactions: A Theoretical Calculation-Inspired Investigation. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3168-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
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Irie M, Fukaminato T, Matsuda K, Kobatake S. Photochromism of Diarylethene Molecules and Crystals: Memories, Switches, and Actuators. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12174-277. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500249p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1755] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Irie
- Research
Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Tuyoshi Fukaminato
- Research
Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20, W10, Kita-ku,
Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department
of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of
Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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Photochromism and fluorescence properties of 1,2-bis(2-alkyl-1-benzothiophene-3-yl)perhydrocyclopentenes. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Keshtov ML, Marochkin DV, Kochurov VS, Komarov PV, Parashchuk DY, Trukhanov VA, Khokhlov AR. New narrow-band-gap conjugated copolymers based on benzodithiophene: Synthesis and photovoltaic properties. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090414010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hai J, Yu W, Zhao B, Li Y, Yin L, Zhu E, Bian L, Zhang J, Wu H, Tang W. Design and synthesis of triazoloquinoxaline polymers with positioning alkyl or alkoxyl chains for organic photovoltaics cells. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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He C, He Q, Zhang S, Tan X, Gao H, Cheng X. Ionic Bent Shape Ternary Facial Amphiphiles. CHINESE J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201201165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Liu C, Cai W, Guan X, Duan C, Xue Q, Ying L, Huang F, Cao Y. Synthesis of donor–acceptor copolymers based on anthracene derivatives for polymer solar cells. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jing S, Zhang R, Dai H, Du C, Cheng X. Synthesis and Mesophase Behavior of Phenylthiophene Based Amphiphilic Molecules. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201280021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yuan J, Huang X, Zhang F, Lu J, Zhai Z, Di C, Jiang Z, Ma W. Design of benzodithiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole based donor–acceptor copolymers for efficient organic field effect transistors and polymer solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Heterocyclic Dyes: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(11)22002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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