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Kiruthika M, Raveena R, Yogeswaran R, Elangovan N, Arumugam N, Padmanaban R, Djearamane S, Wong LS, Kayarohanam S. Spectroscopic characterization, DFT, antimicrobial activity and molecular docking studies on 4,5-bis[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-1H,1'H-2,2'-biimidazole. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29566. [PMID: 38707390 PMCID: PMC11066587 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The newly synthesized imidazole derivative namely, 4,5-bis[(E)-2-phenylethenyl]-1H,1'H-2,2'-biimidazole (KA1), was studied for its molecular geometry, docking studies, spectral analysis and density functional theory (DFT) studies. Experimental vibrational frequencies were compared with scaled ones. The reactivity sites were determined using average localized ionization analysis (ALIE), electron localized function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL), reduced density gradient (RDG), Fukui functions and frontier molecular orbital (FMO). Due to the solvent effect, a lower gas phase energy gap was observed. Through utilization of the noncovalent interaction (NCI) method, the hydrogen bond interaction, steric effect and Vander Walls interaction were investigated. Molecular docking simulations were employed to determine the specific atom inside the molecules that exhibits a preference for binding with protein. The parameters for the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and global reactivity descriptors were also determined. The thermodynamic characteristics were determined through calculations employing the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ basis set. Antimicrobial activity was carried out using the five different microorganisms like Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kiruthika
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Musiri, 621211, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Raveena
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Musiri, 621211, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Yogeswaran
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Musiri, 621211, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - N. Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Musiri, Anjalam, 621208, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - R. Padmanaban
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical, Chemical & Applied Sciences, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Sinouvassane Djearamane
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Unit and Lab Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Saminathan Kayarohanam
- Faculty of Bioeconomics and Health Sciences, University Geomatika Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54200, Malaysia
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Elangovan N, Thirumavalavan M, Sankar Ganesan T, Sowrirajan S, Chandrasekar S, Arumugam N. Comparison study (experimental and theoretical), hydrogen bond interaction through water, donor acceptor investigation and molecular docking study of 3,3-((1,2-phenylenebis (azaneylylidene)) bis (methaneylylidene)) diphenol. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38656235 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2333465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The novel Schiff's base (CS6) was synthesized and confirmed by various studies. The B3LYP/cc-pVDZ basis set was used for theoretical study and the results indicated that both the theoretical and experimental studies correlated well. The interaction energy of CS6-water complex calculated by using the local energy decomposition analysis was found to be -7.28 kcal/mol. The TD-TFT method was used for the calculation of electronic absorption spectrum. This study confirmed that the observed wavelength and the simulated wavelength in the electronic spectra were almost similar. The electrophilic and nucleophilic attacking sites of the titled compound were identified by using FMO and MEP studies. The highest stabilization energy (30.19 kcal/mol) formed by LP (2) O24 to anti-bonding σ*(C18-C19) was confirmed by the NBO study. The localized and delocalized electrons were confirmed by ELF and LOL studies. The hydrogen bond interaction as well as the physical and chemical properties of CS6 indicated that it showed a moderate similarity to the drugs. The docking study confirmed that the dehydro-L-gulonate decarboxylase inhibitor (1Q6O) could interact with CS6 compound with the binding energy of -5.26 kcal/mol.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Munusamy Thirumavalavan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Sankar Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri-621211, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Sowrirajan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Chandrasekar
- Department of Chemistry, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri-621211, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Elangovan N, Arumugam N, Almansour AI, Mathew S, Djearamane S, Wong LS, Kayarohanam S. Synthesis, solvent role, absorption and emission studies of cytosine derivative. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28623. [PMID: 38590870 PMCID: PMC11000011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The (E)-4-((4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) amino) pyrimidin-2(1H)-one (C5NV) was synthesized from cytosine and 5-nitrovanilline by simple straightforward condensation reaction. The structural characteristics of the compound was determined and optimized by WB97XD/cc-pVDZ basis set. The vibrational frequencies were computed and subsequently compared to the experimental frequencies. We investiated the electronic properties of the synthesized compound in gas and solvent phases using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approach, and compared them to experimental values. The fluorescence study showed three different wavelengths indicating the nature of the optical material properties. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analyses were conducted for the title compound, and electron localized functions (ELF) and localized orbital locators (LOL) were used to identify the orbital positions of localized and delocalized atoms. Non-covalent interactions (H-bond interactions) were investigated using reduced density gradients (RDGs). The objective of the study was to determine the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the C5NV. The molecular docking study was conducted between C5NV and 2XNF protein, its lowest binding energy score is -7.92 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Anjalam, 621208, Musiri, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I. Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanty Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College Research Center, Shanthinagar, 560027, Bangalore, India
| | - Sinouvassane Djearamane
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Malaysia
- Biomedical Research Unit and Lab Animal Research Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602 105, India
| | - Ling Shing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia
| | - Saminathan Kayarohanam
- Faculty of Bioeconomics and Health Sciences, University Geomatika Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 54200, Malaysia
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Geetha Priya C, Venkatraman BR, Arockiaraj I, Sowrirajan S, Elangovan N, Islam MS, Mahalingam SM. Antimicrobial activity prediction, inter- and intramolecular charge transfer investigation, reactivity analysis and molecular docking studies of adenine derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37978905 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2281636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of the density functional theory (DFT) methodology has developed as a highly efficient method for investigating molecular structure and vibrational spectra, and it is increasingly being employed in various applications relating to biological systems. This study focuses on conducting investigations, both experimental and computed, to analyze the molecular structure, electronic properties and features of (E)-4-(((9H-purin-6-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol (ANVA). The expression ANVA should be rewritten as follows: the compound is a derivative of adenine (primary amine), specifically a vanillin (aldehyde). The present study reports the synthesis, characterization, DFT, docking and antimicrobial activity of ANVA. The optimization of the molecular structure was conducted, and the determination of its structural features was performed using DFT with the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ method. The vibrational assignments were determined in detail by analyzing the potential energy distribution. A strong correlation was observed between the spectra that were observed and the spectra that were calculated. The calculation of intramolecular charge transfer was performed using natural bond orbital analysis. In addition, several computational methods were employed, including highest occupied molecular orbital-least unoccupied molecular orbital analysis, molecular electrostatic potential calculations, non-linear optical, reduced density gradient, localization orbital locator and electron localization function analysis. This paper examines the present use of adenine derivatives in combatting bacterial and fungal infections, as well as the inclusion of spectral and quantum chemical calculations in the discussion.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geetha Priya
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B R Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - I Arockiaraj
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sowrirajan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhao H, Gu G, Shen J, Zhao X, Wang J, Lan G. Preparation of Spherical HMX/DMF Solvates, Spherical HMX Particles, and HMX@NTO Composites: A Way to Reduce the Sensitivity of HMX. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14041-14046. [PMID: 37091399 PMCID: PMC10116623 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the sensitivity of HMX (HMX = high-melting explosive-cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine), spherical HMX/DMF (DMF = dimethylformamide) solvates, spherical HMX particles, and HMX@NTO (NTO = 1,2,4-triazol-5-one) composites are prepared by crystallization. The structure and performance of spherical HMX crystals, HMX particles, and HMX@NTO composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, accelerating rate calorimetry, and mechanical sensitivity test. The results show that the space group of the spherical HMX/DMF solvate is R̅3c with the lattice parameters of a = 15.9159(4) Å, b = 15.9159(4) Å, and c = 30.5136(8) Å. The non-isothermal stability and adiabatic thermal stability of HMX/DMF solvates are similar to those of HMX particles. The non-isothermal stability of HMX@NTO composites is lower than that of NTO and HMX particles, while the adiabatic thermal stability of HMX@NTO composites is higher than that of NTO but lower than that of HMX particles. The mechanical sensitivities of spherical HMX/DMF cocrystals, spherical HMX particles, and HMX@NTO composites are lower than that of raw HMX. This study can provide some guidance for desensitizing HMX and other energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Zhao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North
University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Guanghui Gu
- Gansu
Yin Guang Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd., Baiyin 730900, China
| | - Jinjie Shen
- Gansu
Yin Guang Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd., Baiyin 730900, China
| | - Xinping Zhao
- Gansu
Yin Guang Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd., Baiyin 730900, China
| | - Jianlong Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North
University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Guanchao Lan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North
University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
- Gansu
Yin Guang Chemical Industry Group Co. Ltd., Baiyin 730900, China
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6
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Xu CF, Liu YP, Yu Y, Meng XY, Zong H, Lv Q, Xia XY, Wang XD, Liao LS. Two-Dimensional Optical Waveguides at Telecom Wavelengths Based on Organic Single-Crystal Microsheets of a Charge Transfer Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3047-3056. [PMID: 36946651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic charge transfer (CT) cocrystals open a new door for the exploitation of low-dimensional near-infrared (NIR) emitters by a convenient self-assembly approach. However, research about the fabrication of sheet-like NIR-emitting microstructures that are significant for structural construction and integrated application is limited by the unidirectional molecular packing mode. Herein, via regulation of the biaxial intermolecular CT interaction, single-crystalline microsheets with remarkable NIR emission from 720 to 960 nm were synthesized via the solution self-assembly process of dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. The expected sheet-like structure is conducive to achieving a two-dimensional (2D) optical waveguide with an ultralow optical loss rate of 0.250 dB/μm at 860 nm. More significantly, these as-prepared organic microsheets with tunable thicknesses (h) from 100 to 1100 nm exhibit thickness-dependent NIR optical transportation performance. These findings could pave the way to a new class of low-dimensional NIR emitters for 2D photonics at telecom wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Yu Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
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Theoretical study on the interaction between 3,4-dinitropyrazole and cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Yuan S, Yang Z, Shang C, Yang D, Wang Y, Qi H, Sun C, Wang L, Zhao X. A DFT study on the structure activity relationship of the natural xanthotoxin-based pharmaceutical cocrystals. J Mol Model 2022; 28:155. [PMID: 35579707 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the pharmaceutical cocrystals xanthotoxin-para-aminobenzoic acid (XT-PABA) and xanthotoxin-oxalic acid (XT-OA) were systematically investigated in the gas and water phases by using the quantum chemical approach. The weak intermolecular interactions have been estimated and the O1…H4 (O1…H5) intermolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) with moderate intensity and partial covalent natures was confirmed based on the computed structural parameters, topology analysis, and reduced density gradient (RDG) isosurfaces. The electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivities of different positions associated with intermolecular interactions in XT, PABA, and OA were predicted by plotting the molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) diagrams. The calculated natural bond orbital (NBO) population analysis has quantitatively unveiled the intrinsic reason for the variations in weak intermolecular interactions within XT-PABA and XT-OA cocrystals, from the gas phase to the water phase. Besides, the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), Fukui function, and various global reactivity descriptors were computed to measure the chemical reactivity of all the investigated molecular systems. The XT-PABA and XT-OA cocrystals explored in this work could be regarded as valuable exemplar systems to design and synthesize the high-efficiency pharmaceutical cocrystals in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohang Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Changjiao Shang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Danyang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Haifei Qi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chaofan Sun
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. .,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. .,Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. .,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Utilization of Forestry-Based Active Substances, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China. .,Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Mishra A, Kumar R, Lama P, Metre RK. Octanuclear Organotin Copper Sulfide Cage [(RSnCu)4(μ3-S)8]·2CHCl3 (R = 2-phenylazophenyl) Assembled using Intramolecular Coordination Approach: Synthesis, Structure and DFT-NBO-AIM Analysis. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Comparative investigation on the thermostability, sensitivity, and mechanical performance of RDX/HMX energetic cocrystal and its mixture. J Mol Model 2020; 26:176. [PMID: 32535754 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanics (MM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method were applied to explore the impact of temperature (220-380 K) on the thermostability, sensitivity, and mechanical performance of RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyco-hexane)/HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane) energetic cocrystal and mixture models. The mechanical property, the maximum trigger bond length ([Formula: see text]), binding energy, and cohesive energy density (CED) of the pure RDX, β-HMX crystal, the cocrystal, and mixture models were acquired and compared. The results manifest that temperature has an important impact on the binding capacity between the components of the cocrystal and mixture. The binding energies decrease as the temperature rises, and the cocrystal has larger values than those of mixture. For all the models, the [Formula: see text] increases and the CEDs decrease with the rising temperature, implying that the sensitivity of the explosives increases, while the [Formula: see text] values of the cocrystal are smaller than those of HMX and the CED values are between those of RDX and β-HMX, indicating that the sensitivity has been enhanced through co-crystallization. As the temperature increases, the shear modulus (G), bulk modulus (K), and tensile modulus (E) values of all models have an evident downtrend. Simultaneously, G, K, and E values of the cocrystal model are less than those of RDX and β-HMX, while the K/G ratio and Cauchy pressure (C12-C44) are larger, signifying that co-crystallization can weaken the brittleness and enhance the ductility of the pure crystals. Compared with the mixture, the cocrystal has better ductility and stability.
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Key Words
- 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyco-hexane (RDX)/1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) energetic cocrystal
- Mechanical performance
- Molecular dynamics simulation
- Sensitivity
- Thermostability
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Theoretical calculation into the structures, stability, sensitivity, and mechanical properties of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12 hexaazai-sowurtzitane (CL-20)/1-amino-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazoliumnitrate (1-AMTN) cocrystal and its mixture. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Wang K, Zhao X, Zhu W. Application of Molecular Electrostatic Potential Surface to Predict Supramolecular Synthons for RDX/Solvent Cocrystals. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201900171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science; School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science; School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- Institute for Computation in Molecular and Materials Science; School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 China
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13
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Theoretical calculation into the effect of molar ratio on the structures, stability, mechanical properties and detonation performance of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane/ 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyco-hexane cocrystal. J Mol Model 2019; 25:299. [PMID: 31482441 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to research the effect of molar ratio on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and detonation performance of HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane)/RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyco-hexane) cocrystal explosive at ambient condition. The binding energy, mechanical properties, and the detonation parameters of the pure β-HMX, RDX crystal, and the cocrystal models were got and contrasted. The results demonstrate that molar ratio has a great influence on the properties of the cocrystal system. The binding energy of the cocrystals has the maximum values at the 1:1 molar ratio, indicating that the stability of HMX/RDX(1:1) cocrystal is the best and HMX and RDX may prefer to cocrystallizing at 1:1 molar ratio. What's more, the tensile modulus (E) and shear modulus (G) of the HMX/RDX(1:1) cocrystals have the minimum value, while the C12-C44 and K/G have the maximum value, implying that the cocrystal at 1:1 molar ratio has the best mechanical properties. Simultaneously, the E, K, and G of the cocrystals are all smaller than those of β-HMX's and generally larger than those RDX's, while the Cauchy pressure (C12-C44) and K/G ratio were greater, demonstrating that cocrystallizing can improve the brittleness and enhance the ductility. The detonation velocity (D) and detonation pressure (P) decrease with the rising RDX content, while the properties are still superior to the pure RDX crystal; thus, the energy properties of the cocrystal are still excellent. In a word, HMX/RDX cocrystal at 1:1 molar ratio has the best thermal stability, mechanical properties, and the excellent energetic performance.
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14
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Shaaban IA. Conformational analysis, infrared/Raman spectral assignment, and electronic structural studies of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone using quantum chemical calculations. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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15
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Zhang XQ, Yuan JN, Selvaraj G, Ji GF, Chen XR, Wei DQ. Towards the low-sensitive and high-energetic co-crystal explosive CL-20/TNT: from intermolecular interactions to structures and properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17253-17261. [PMID: 29901061 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01841c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Employing molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and solid-state density functional theory (DFT), we carried out thorough studies to understand the interaction-structure-property interrelationship of the co-crystal explosive 1 : 1 CL-20 : TNT. Our results revealed that the co-crystallization of CL-20 and TNT molecules enhances the intermolecular binding forces, where the main driving force for the formation of the co-crystal CL-20/TNT comes from HO and CO interactions, while OO contributes to the co-crystal stabilization. Furthermore, we also used the concept of atoms in molecule (AIM) and the reduced density gradient (RDG) to describe the spatial arrangements and interactions of co-crystal compositions, which showed that although the adjoining TNT molecules possess two symmetry groups and the adjoining CL-20 molecules possess the same symmetry group, their interactions are not identical. These spatial arrangements provide a good reference to the formation of other co-crystals. When the obtained structural and detonation properties of the three crystals were compared, it was observed that the CL-20/TNT co-crystal achieved the desirable properties of explosives, i.e., low-sensitivity and high-energy, possessing the advantages of both CL-20 and TNT explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China.
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16
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Prediction of density of energetic cocrystals based on QSPR modeling using artificial neural network. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Zhang L, Wu JZ, Jiang SL, Yu Y, Chen J. From intermolecular interactions to structures and properties of a novel cocrystal explosive: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:26960-26969. [PMID: 27711418 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03526d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
By employing a first-principles method, we conducted a thorough study on a novel cocrystal explosive 1 : 1 NTO : TZTN and gained insight into the interaction-structure-property interrelationship. Mulliken bond orders, Hirshfeld surfaces, intermolecular binding energies, packing coefficients, and oxygen balance were calculated to analyze the intermolecular interactions and structures of the cocrystal explosive. The cocrystallization of NTO and TZTN molecules enhances the intermolecular binding force, which drives the synthesis of the cocrystal. However, the cocrystallization decreases the molecular packing density along the closest packed directions, which reduces the density by 10.5% and deteriorates the oxygen balance. All of these lead to a reduction in the detonation performance compared to NTO explosives. We have also proposed a new method to evaluate the impact sensitivity according to the lattice dynamics calculation. The cocrystal explosive has a lower impact sensitivity than TZTN but higher than NTO, which agrees well with experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Zhou Wu
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Li Jiang
- Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Yu
- Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China. and Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, People's Republic of China and Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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18
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Duan B, Shu Y, Liu N, Wang B, Lu X, Lu Y. Direct insight into the formation driving force, sensitivity and detonation performance of the observed CL-20-based energetic cocrystals. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01132j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This work elucidated the underlying mechanism of the dramatic and divergent physicochemical properties of CL-20-based energetic cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghui Duan
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjie Shu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an 710065
| | - Ning Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an 710065
| | - Bozhou Wang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an 710065
| | - Xianming Lu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals
- Xi'an 710065
| | - Yingying Lu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an
- People's Republic of China
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19
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Wu C, Zhang S, Ren F, Gou R, Han G. Theoretical insight into the cocrystal explosive of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20)/1-Methyl-4,5-dinitro-1H-imidazole (MDNI). JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystal explosive is getting more and more attention in high energy density material field. Different molar ratios of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20)/1-Methyl-4,5-dinitro-1H-imidazole (MDNI) cocrystal were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and quantum-chemical density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Binding energy of CL-20/MDNI cocrystal and radial distribution function (RDF) were used to estimate the interaction. Mechanical properties were calculated to predict the elasticity and ductility. The length and bond dissociation energy of trigger bond, surface electrostatic potentials (ESP) of CL-20/MDNI framework were calculated at B3LYP/6-311[Formula: see text]G(d,p) level. The results indicate that CL-20/MDNI cocrystal explosive might have better mechanical properties and stability in a molar ratio 3:2. The N–NO2 bond becomes stronger upon the formation of intermolecular H-bonding interaction. The surface electrostatic potential further confirms that the sensitivity decreases in cocrystal explosive in comparison with that in isolated CL-20. The oxygen balance (OB), heat of detonation ([Formula: see text], detonation velocity ([Formula: see text] and detonation pressure ([Formula: see text] of CL-20/MDNI suggest that the CL-20/MDNI cocrystal possesses excellent detonation performance and low sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Xi’an 710061, P. R. China
| | - Shuhai Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Fude Ren
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Gou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
| | - Gang Han
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, P. R. China
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20
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Sangeetha M, Mathammal R. Establishment of the structural and enhanced physicochemical properties of the cocrystal-2-benzyl amino pyridine with oxalic acid. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Loh WS, Kwong HC, Kumar CC, Quah CK. Structural investigation and Hirshfeld surface analysis of three organic picrate salts. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2017-2082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Three picrate salt crystals, namely 5-amino-6-methylquinolin-1-ium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (I), 3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-2-ium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (II) and 1H-imidazol-3-ium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (III) were characterized by X-ray diffraction. Salt I crystallizes in space group of P21/c, with a=15.096(2), b=7.2864(9), c=15.248(2) Å, β=98.437(2)°, V=1659.1 Å3 and Z=4. Salt II crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c, with a=13.6230(9), b=6.7421(5), c=17.7508(12) Å, β=106.001(1)°, V=1567.20 Å3 and Z=4. Whereas salt III crystallizes in triclinic system, space group P1̅, with a=7.6919(10), b=7.9218(10), c=10.2230(13) Å, α=81.909(2), β=77.985(2), γ=82.629(2)°, V=600.05 Å3 and Z=2. Protons were transferred from the picric acids to their corresponding bases, forming intermolecular N+–H···O− hydrogen bonds in the three salts. Salts I and II form planes, whereas salt III forms chains via N–H···O and C–H···O hydrogen bonds as their supramolecular assembly. Planes and chains in all these salts were interconnected through π···π interaction. The intermolecular interactions in the crystal structures were quantified and were analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Sin Loh
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang 11800 USM , Malaysia , Tel.: +604 653 3888 Ext. 3690, Fax: +6046579150
| | - Huey Chong Kwong
- Department of Engineering Chemistry , Vidya Vikas Institute of Engineering and Technology , Visvesvaraya Technological University , Alanahally, Mysuru 570028 , Karnataka, India
| | - C.S. Chidan Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang 11800 USM , Malaysia
| | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Penang 11800 USM , Malaysia , Tel.: +604 653 3888 Ext. 3690, Fax: +6046579150
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22
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Han G, Gou RJ, Ren FD, Zhang SH, Wu CL, Zhu SF. Theoretical investigation into the influence of molar ratio on binding energy, mechanical property and detonation performance of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclo octane (HMX)/1-methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole (MDNI) cocrystal explosive. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Xiong S, Chen S, Jin S. Molecular dynamic simulations on TKX-50/RDX cocrystal. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 74:171-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Song KP, Ren FD, Zhang SH, Shi WJ. Theoretical insights into the stabilities, detonation performance, and electrostatic potentials of cocrystals containing α- or β-HMX and TATB, FOX-7, NTO, or DMF in various molar ratios. J Mol Model 2016; 22:249. [PMID: 27686560 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A molecular dynamics method was employed to study the binding energies associated with the cocrystallization (at selected crystal planes) of either 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitro-benzene (TATB), 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (TATB, FOX-7, and NTO, respectively, all of which are explosives), or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, a nonenergetic solvent) in various molar ratios with 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane in its α and β conformations (α-HMX and β-HMX, respectively). The results showed that the cocrystals with low molar ratios (2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) were the most stable. The binding energies of HMX/NTO and HMX/DMF were larger than those of HMX/TATB and HMX/FOX-7. According to the calculated stabilities, HMX prefers to adopt its α form in HMX/TATB and its β form in HMX/NTO, whereas the two forms coexist in HMX/FOX-7. For HMX/TATB, HMX/NTO, and α-HMX/FOX-7, increasing the proportion of the cocrystal component with the highest detonation heat (HMX in the first two cases, FOX-7 in the latter) increases the detonation heat, velocity, and pressure of the cocrystal. However, increasing the proportion of the component with the highest detonation heat in β-HMX/FOX-7 and γ-CL-20/FOX-7 increases the detonation heat of the cocrystal but decreases its detonation velocity. An investigation of the surface electrostatic potential revealed how the sensitivity changes upon cocrystal formation. Graphical Abstract Surface electrostatic potential of HMX/TATB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Peng Song
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Fu-de Ren
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China.
| | - Shu-Hai Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Wen-Jing Shi
- The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030053, China
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25
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Xie ZB, Hu SQ, Cao X. Theoretical insight into the influence of molecular ratio on the binding energy and mechanical property of HMX/2-picoline-N-oxide cocrystal, cooperativity effect and surface electrostatic potential. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1190038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-bian Xie
- The Department of Safety Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuang-qi Hu
- The Department of Safety Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiong Cao
- The Department of Safety Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
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26
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Feng RZ, Zhang SH, Ren FD, Gou RJ, Gao L. Theoretical insight into the binding energy and detonation performance of ε-, γ-, β-CL-20 cocrystals with β-HMX, FOX-7, and DMF in different molar ratios, as well as electrostatic potential. J Mol Model 2016; 22:123. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-2998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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28
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Li YX, Chen SS, Ren FD. Theoretical insights into the structures and mechanical properties of HMX/NQ cocrystal explosives and their complexes, and the influence of molecular ratios on their bonding energies. J Mol Model 2015; 21:245. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Chen PY, Zhang L, Zhu SG, Cheng GB. Intermolecular interactions, thermodynamic properties, crystal structure, and detonation performance of CL-20/TEX cocrystal explosive. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculation was performed to investigate the intermolecular interactions, thermodynamic properties, crystal structure, and detonation performance of CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane)/TEX (4,10-dinitro-2,6,8,12-tetraoxa-4,10-diaza-tetracyclododecane) cocrystal explosive. The results of natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecules analysis show that unconventional CH···O type hydrogen bonds and dispersion force are the main driving forces for the cocrystal formation. Monte Carlo simulation was employed to predict the crystal structure of the CL-20/TEX cocrystal. The cocrystal is most likely to crystallize in a monoclinic system (space group C2/C), with cell parameters a = 40.62 Å, b = 7.35 Å, c = 41.36 Å, and β = 157.38°. Based on crystal density, chemical energy, and heat of formations, detonation performance was calculated using Kamlet–Jacobs formulas. Detonation velocity and pressure of the CL-20/TEX cocrystal are higher than those of TEX but a litter lower than those of CL-20. Bond dissociation energy analysis shows that the cocrystal is thermal stable and meets the requirement of high energy density materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shun-Guan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
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