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Kennedy AR, Cruickshank L, Maher P, McKinnon Z. A structural comparison of salt forms of dopamine with the structures of other phenylethylamines. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:386-394. [PMID: 37721716 PMCID: PMC10551880 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229623007696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The structures of four salt forms of dopamine are reported. These are dopamine [2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethan-1-aminium] benzoate, C8H12NO2+·C7H5O2-, I, dopamine 4-nitrobenzoate, C8H12NO2+·C7H4NO4-, II, dopamine ethanedisulfonate, 2C8H12NO2+·C2H4O6S22-, III, and dopamine 4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate monohydrate, C8H12NO2+·C6H5O4S-·H2O, IV. In all four structures, the dopamine cation adopts an extended conformation. Intermolecular interaction motifs that are common in the salt forms of tyramine can be found in related dopamine structures, but hydrogen bonding in the dopamine structures appear to be more variable and less predictable than for tyramine. Packing analysis discovered three dopamine-containing groups of structures that can be described as isostructural with regards to the cation positions. Two of these groups contain both dopamine and tyramine species, and one of these is also highly variable in other ways too, containing anhydrous and hydrated forms, different anion types and ionized and neutral phenylethylamine species. As such, the group illustrates that packing behaviour can be robust and similar even where intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonds are very different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Kennedy
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Cruickshank
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela Maher
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe McKinnon
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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2
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Intramolecular interactions (O-H∙∙∙O, C-H∙∙∙N, N-H∙∙∙π) in isomers of neutral, cation, and anion dopamine molecules: A DFT study on the influence of solvents (water and ethanol). J Mol Model 2023; 29:67. [PMID: 36773132 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dopamine (DA) is one of the most important neurotransmitters associated with numerous neural disorders. This investigation reports the intramolecular interactions present in the isomers of neutral (DA0), anionic (DA-), and cationic (DA+) dopamine isomers in gas, water, and ethanol mediums. Neutral and anion isomers have O-H∙∙∙O, C-H∙∙∙N intramolecular hydrogen bonds and N-H∙∙∙π interactions. All the interactions are electrostatic in nature. Isomers of cation dopamine show no intramolecular interactions in the solvent. Natural charges from natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis show that O-H∙∙∙O bonds and the N-H∙∙∙π interactions are the most and least polar, respectively. 1H NMR study reveals the inverse linear correlation between shielding constant and electron density in a solvent medium. HOMO-LUMO energy gap indicates higher stability for neutral and cationic forms of dopamine isomers in water and ethanol medium. METHODS We have optimized all the structural forms of dopamine molecule using the Becke three hybrid exchange and Lee-Yang-Parr correlation functional with Grimme's dispersion correction, B3LYP-D3(BJ), and aug-cc-pVTZ basis set using the Gaussian16 software. Vibrational frequency analysis with no imaginary frequencies confirms the nature of global minima. The solvent studies (water and ethanol) were carried out using the SCRF keyword and the polarisable continuum model (PCM) of Miertus and Tomasi. NBO analysis and NMR studies were also performed for all conformers. Topology analysis was explored using the software Multiwfn.
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Synthesis and structural analysis of an asymmetric azacyclophane via Mannich cross macrocyclisation of L-tyrosine derivatives. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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4
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Raval P, Trébosc J, Pawlak T, Nishiyama Y, Brown SP, Manjunatha Reddy GN. Combining heteronuclear correlation NMR with spin-diffusion to detect relayed Cl-H-H and N-H-H proximities in molecular solids. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2022; 120:101808. [PMID: 35780556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2022.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of short-to-intermediate range intermolecular interactions offers a great way of characterizing the solid-state organization of small molecules and materials. This can be achieved by two-dimensional (2D) homo- and heteronuclear correlation NMR spectroscopy, for example, by carrying out experiments at high magnetic fields in conjunction with fast magic-angle spinning (MAS) techniques. But, detecting 2D peaks for heteronuclear dipolar coupled spin pairs separated by greater than 3 Å is not always straightforward, particularly when low-gamma quadrupolar nuclei are involved. Here, we present a 2D correlation NMR experiment that combines the advantages of heteronuclear-multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) and proton-based spin-diffusion (SD) pulse sequences using radio-frequency-driven-recouping (RFDR) to probe inter and intramolecular 1H-X (X = 14N, 35Cl) interactions. This experiment can be used to acquire 2D 1H{X}-HMQC filtered 1H-1H correlation as well as 2D 1H-X HMQC spectra. Powder forms of dopamine·HCl and l-histidine·HCl·H2O are characterized at high fields (21.1 T and 18.8 T) with fast MAS (60 kHz) using the 2D HMQC-SD-RFDR approach. Solid-state NMR results are complemented with NMR crystallography analyses using the gauge-including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) approach. For histidine·HCl·H2O, 2D peaks associated with 14N-1H-1H and 35Cl-1H-1H distances of up to 4.4 and 3.9 Å have been detected. This is further corroborated by the observation of 2D peaks corresponding to 14N-1H-1H and 35Cl-1H-1H distances of up to 4.2 and 3.7 Å in dopamine·HCl, indicating the suitability of the HMQC-SD-RFDR experiments for detecting medium-range proximities in molecular solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Raval
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Julien Trébosc
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, FR 2638 - IMEC - Institut Michel-Eugène Chevreul, F, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Tomasz Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Centre, RIKEN, Yokohama Campus, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558, Japan
| | - Steven P Brown
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F, 59000, Lille, France.
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Falamaş A, Petran A, Hada AM, Bende A. Dopamine Photochemical Behaviour under UV Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105483. [PMID: 35628293 PMCID: PMC9141693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the photochemical behaviour of the polydopamine polymer in detail, one would also need to know the behaviour of its building blocks. The electronic absorption, as well as the fluorescence emission and excitation spectra of the dopamine were experimentally and theoretically investigated considering time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and first-principles quantum theory methods. The shape of the experimental absorption spectra obtained for different dopamine species with standard, zwitterionic, protonated, and deprotonated geometries was interpreted by considering the advanced equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory of DLPNO-STEOM. Dynamical properties such as fluorescence lifetimes or quantum yield were also experimentally investigated and compared with theoretically predicted transition rates based on Fermi's Golden Rule-like equation. The results show that the photochemical behaviour of dopamine is strongly dependent on the concentration of dopamine, whereas in the case of a high concentration, the zwitterionic form significantly affects the shape of the spectrum. On the other hand, the solvent pH is also a determining factor for the absorption, but especially for the fluorescence spectrum, where at lower pH (5.5), the protonated and, at higher pH (8.0), the deprotonated forms influence the shape of the spectra. Quantum yield measurements showed that, besides the radiative deactivation mechanism characterized by a relatively small QY value, non-radiative deactivation channels are very important in the relaxation process of the electronic excited states of different dopamine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Falamaş
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Street, No. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Anca Petran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Street, No. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexandru-Milentie Hada
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 1 M. Kogalniceanu Str., 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Bende
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Street, No. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.F.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Karki N, Davydov AV, Krylyuk S, Chusuei CC. Electrochemically Assaying Dopamine with p-Doped Silicon Nanowires. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2048845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawaraj Karki
- Chemistry Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Albert V. Davydov
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sergiy Krylyuk
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Charles C. Chusuei
- Chemistry Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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Zhu Z, Zhang J, Song Y, Chang C, Ren G, Shen J, Zhang Z, Ji T, Chen M, Zhao H. Broadband terahertz signatures and vibrations of dopamine. Analyst 2021; 145:6006-6013. [PMID: 32756617 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an essential neurotransmitter and hormone of the nervous system, its structural and conformational properties play critical roles in biological functions and signal transmission processes. Although this neuroactive molecule has been studied extensively, the low-frequency vibration features that are closely related to the conformation and molecular interactions in the terahertz (THz) band still remain unclear. In this study, a broadband THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system in the frequency band of 0.5-18 THz was used to characterize the unique THz fingerprint of DA. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to analyze the vibrational properties of DA. The results suggest that each THz resonant absorption peak of DA corresponds to specific vibrational modes, and the collective vibration also exists in the broadband THz range. Moreover, the interactions between the DA ligand and the D2 and D3 receptors were investigated by docking, and the simulated THz spectra were obtained. The results indicate the dominant role of hydrogen bonding interactions and the specificity of molecular conformation. This work may help to understand the resonance coupling between THz electromagnetic waves and neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
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Huang ZH, Peng SW, Hsieh SL, Kirankumar R, Huang PF, Chang TM, Dwivedi AK, Chen NF, Wu HM, Hsieh S. Polydopamine Ultrathin Film Growth on Mica via In-Situ Polymerization of Dopamine with Applications for Silver-Based Antimicrobial Coatings. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14030671. [PMID: 33535625 PMCID: PMC7867202 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of polydopamine (PDA) coatings with a nanometer-scale thickness on surfaces is highly desirable for exploiting the novel features arising from the specific structure on the molecular level. Exploring the mechanisms of thin-film growth is helpful for attaining desirable control over the useful properties of materials. We present a systematic study demonstrating the growth of a PDA thin film on the surface of mica in consecutive short deposition time intervals. Film growth at each deposition time was monitored through instrumental techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle (WCA) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Film growth was initiated by adsorption of the PDA molecules on mica, with subsequent island-like aggregation, and finally, a complete molecular level PDA film was formed on the surface due to further molecular adsorption. A duration of 60−300 s was sufficient for complete formation of the PDA layer within the thickness range of 0.5−1.1 nm. An outstanding feature of PDA ultrathin films is their ability to act as a molecular adhesive, providing a foundation for constructing functional surfaces. We also explored antimicrobial applications by incorporating Ag nanoparticles into a PDA film. The Ag NPs/PDA film was formed on a surgical blade and then characterized and confirmed by SEM-EDS and XPS. The modified film inhibited bacterial growth by up to 42% on the blade after cutting through a pork meat sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Huang
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, 2 Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan; (Z.-H.H.); (P.-F.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Shi-Wei Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (S.-W.P.); (R.K.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Shu-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142 Haijhuan Rd., Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan;
| | - Rajendranath Kirankumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (S.-W.P.); (R.K.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Po-Feng Huang
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, Kaohsiung Armed Forced General Hospital, 2 Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan; (Z.-H.H.); (P.-F.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Tsao-Ming Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2 Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
| | - Atul Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (S.-W.P.); (R.K.); (A.K.D.)
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2 Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
| | - Hao-Ming Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2 Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan;
| | - Shuchen Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (S.-W.P.); (R.K.); (A.K.D.)
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Monosulfonated Azo Dyes: A Crystallographic Study of the Molecular Structures of the Free Acid, Anionic and Dianionic Forms. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10080662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic studies of monosulfonated azo dyes have concentrated on the salt forms that contain the azo anion. Here we present a study that compares the structures of these anions with protonated free acid forms and with doubly deprotonated dianion forms. To this end, the new single crystal diffraction structures of 13 systematically related free acid forms of monosulfonated azo dyes are presented, together with three new structures of doubly deprotonated forms and two new structures of Na salt forms of azo anions. No structures of dideprotonated monosulfonated azo dyes have previously been reported and this paper also reports the first crystal structure of an azo dye with a hydronium cation. The geometries of the free acid, anion and dianion forms are compared to literature equivalents. It is shown that protonation of the azo bond gives predictable bond lengthening and shortening, which is of a greater magnitude than similar effects caused by azo-hydrazone tautomerisation, or the smaller again effects caused by the resonance electron donation from O or N based substituents. The dianion containing structures have twisted dianion geometries that can be understood based on the resonance effects of the phenoxide groups and upon the needs to bond to a relatively high number of metal cations.
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Díaz-Oviedo C, Quevedo R. Role of hydrogen bonding in the selectivity of aromatic Mannich reaction of tyramines: Macrocyclization vs. linear condensation. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gryl M, Rydz A, Wojnarska J, Krawczuk A, Kozieł M, Seidler T, Ostrowska K, Marzec M, Stadnicka KM. Origin of chromic effects and crystal-to-crystal phase transition in the polymorphs of tyraminium violurate. IUCRJ 2019; 6:226-237. [PMID: 30867920 PMCID: PMC6400187 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518017037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromic materials are nowadays widely used in various technological applications, however understanding the effect and the possibility of tuning the obtained colour of a material are still challenging. Here a combined experimental and theoretical study is presented on the solvatochromic and crystallochromic effects in the (pseudo)polymorphs of tyraminium violurate. This organic material exhibits a large solvatochromic shift (ca 192 nm) associated with broad colour change (from yellow to dark violet). Tyraminum violurate crystallizes as red crystals of form (I) from water as a solvate, and as an unsolvated form [violet crystals of (II)] from methanol solution. Form (I), when heated, undergoes two crystal-to-crystal phase transformations associated with colour change of the crystals. Crystals of (II) show extreme birefringence (ca 0.46) and high refractive index (n γ above 1.90), which can be correlated with preferential orientation of the resultant dipole moments of the ions. Examination of optical effects (UV-Vis spectra) along with theoretical calculations (QTAIM, atomic and bond polarizabilities) enabled the description of the origin of colour in the studied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Gryl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rydz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojnarska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Krawczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Kozieł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Seidler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ostrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Marzec
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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Rydz A, Gryl M, Stadnicka KM. Solvomorphs of tyraminium 5,5-diethylbarbiturate: a rare example of the barbiturate R 33(12) hydrogen-bond motif and a crystal structure with Z' = 4. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 74:1586-1594. [PMID: 30516141 DOI: 10.1107/s205322961801433x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the solvomorphism phenomenon in organic materials has attracted much attention, especially in the pharmaceutical and materials industries. Cocrystallization with solvent molecules can lead to modified physical and chemical properties of materials. We present here two new solvomorphs (pseudopolymorphs) of tyraminium 5,5-diethylbarbiturate [2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanaminium 5,5-diethyl-2,4,6-trioxotetrahydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ide, C8H12NO+·C8H11N2O3-] with unusual structural features. Pseudopolymorph (I) follows the symmetry of the P21/n space group and has four tyraminium cations, four barbitalate anions and four molecules of chloroform in the asymmetric unit. Pseudopolymorph (II) crystallizes in the space group R-3c with one tyraminium cation, one barbitalate anion and a small amount of disordered solvent (ethanol and water) located in the cavities. Hirshfeld surface analysis and the Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) index were used to examine and compare the crystal packing features and intermolecular interactions in (I) and (II). Both materials crystallize with large unit cells and contain nontypical barbitalate ions formed through deprotonation of the barbital N3 position. Pseudopolymorph (I) is an example of a crystal structure with a rarely observed value of Z' = 4. Analysis of the hydrogen-bond patterns in (II) showed an unusual arrangement of three barbitalate anions in R33(12) rings, which is the first example of such a hydrogen-bond motif in barbital structures. The mutual arrangement of the ions in the crystal structure of (II) leads to the formation of specific cavities along the c direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rydz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Marlena Gryl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Stadnicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków 30-387, Poland
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Buist AR, Kennedy AR. Salt forms of the pharmaceutical amide dihydrocarbamazepine. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 72:155-60. [PMID: 26846502 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616001133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is well known as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient used in the study of polymorphism and the generation and comparison of cocrystal forms. The pharmaceutical amide dihydrocarbamazepine (DCBZ) is a less well known material and is largely of interest here as a structural congener of CBZ. Reaction of DCBZ with strong acids results in protonation of the amide functionality at the O atom and gives the salt forms dihydrocarbamazepine hydrochloride {systematic name: [(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium chloride, C15H15N2O(+)·Cl(-)}, dihydrocarbamazepine hydrochloride monohydrate {systematic name: [(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium chloride monohydrate, C15H15N2O(+)·Cl(-)·H2O} and dihydrocarbamazepine hydrobromide monohydrate {systematic name: [(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium bromide monohydrate, C15H15N2O(+)·Br(-)·H2O}. The anhydrous hydrochloride has a structure with two crystallographically independent ion pairs (Z' = 2), wherein both cations adopt syn conformations, whilst the two hydrated species are mutually isostructural and have cations with anti conformations. Compared to neutral dihydrocarbamazepine structures, protonation of the amide group is shown to cause changes to both the molecular (C=O bond lengthening and C-N bond shortening) and the supramolecular structures. The amide-to-amide and dimeric hydrogen-bonding motifs seen for neutral polymorphs and cocrystalline species are replaced here by one-dimensional polymeric constructs with no direct amide-to-amide bonds. The structures are also compared with, and shown to be closely related to, those of the salt forms of the structurally similar pharmaceutical carbamazepine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Buist
- Westchem, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Westchem, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
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Dennany L, Kennedy AR, Walker B. The hydrochloride and hydrobromide salt forms of (S)-amphetamine. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2015; 71:844-9. [PMID: 26422209 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229615015867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the high profile of amphetamine, there have been relatively few structural studies of its salt forms. The lack of any halide salt forms is surprising as the typical synthetic route for amphetamine initially produces the chloride salt. (S)-Amphetamine hydrochloride [systematic name: (2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-aminium chloride], C9H14N(+)·Cl(-), has a Z' = 6 structure with six independent cation-anion pairs. That these are indeed crystallographically independent is supported by different packing orientations of the cations and by the observation of a wide range of cation conformations generated by rotation about the phenyl-CH2 bond. The supramolecular contacts about the anions also differ, such that both a wide variation in the geometry of the three N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds formed by each chloride anion and differences in C-H...Cl contacts are apparent. (S)-Amphetamine hydrobromide [systematic name: (2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-aminium bromide], C9H14N(+)·Br(-), is broadly similar to the hydrochloride in terms of cation conformation, the existence of three N-H...X hydrogen-bond contacts per anion and the overall two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded sheet motif. However, only the chloride structure features organic bilayers and Z' > 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Dennany
- Westchem, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Westchem, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Brandon Walker
- Westchem, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
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