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Brizuela Guerra N, Morais Lima JV, Nozella NL, Boratto MH, Paulin JV, Graeff CFDO. Electrochemical Doping Effect on the Conductivity of Melanin-Inspired Materials. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2186-2196. [PMID: 38466818 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Eumelanin is a natural pigment that can be particularly valuable for sustainable bioelectronic devices due to its inherent biocompatibility and hydration-dependent conductivity. However, the low conductivity of eumelanin limits its technological development. In this research, electrochemical doping was proposed as an alternative route to increase the electronic conductivity of synthetic eumelanin derivatives. Thin films of sulfonated eumelanin were deposited on platinum interdigitated electrodes and electrochemically treated by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed ion doping in sulfonated melanin. Current-voltage, current-time, and electrochemical impedance measurements were used to investigate the effect of different aqueous electrolytes (including KCl and LiClO4) treatments on the charge transport of sulfonated eumelanin. We show that the conductivity depends on the type and size of the anion used and can reach 10-3 S·cm-1. Additionally, depending on the electrolyte, there is a change in charge transport from mixed ionic/electronic to a predominantly electronic-only conduction. Our results show that the chemical nature of the ion plays an important role in the electrochemical doping and, consequently, in the charge transport of eumelanin. These insights serve as inspiration to explore the use of alternative electrolytes with different compositions further and develop eumelanin-based devices with tunable conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayrim Brizuela Guerra
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor Morais Lima
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Natan Luis Nozella
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Henrique Boratto
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Paulin
- Department of Physics and Meteorology, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
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Handl J, Nyvltova P, Capek J, Cesla P, Hovsepyan A, Avetisyan S, Micankova P, Bruckova L, Stankova P, Knotkova K, Petrosyan T, Rousar T. The comparison of biological effects of bacterial and synthetic melanins in neuroblastoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113355. [PMID: 35952821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanins belong to a group of pigments of different structure and origin. They can be produced synthetically or isolated from living organisms. A number of studies have reported testing of various melanins in neurological studies providing different outcomes. Because the structure of melanins can have an effect on obtained results in cell toxicity studies, we present here our original study which aimed to compare the biological effects of bacterial melanin (biotechnologically obtained from B. thuringiensis) with that of synthetic melanin in neuroblastoma cells. Both melanins were structurally characterized in detail. After melanin treatment (0-200 μg/mL), cell viability, glutathione levels, cell morphology and respiration were assessed in SH-SY5Y cells. The structural analysis showed that bacterial melanin is more hydrophilic according to the presence of larger number of -OH moieties. After melanin treatment, we found that synthetic melanin at similar dosage caused always larger cell impairment compared to bacterial melanin. In addition, more severe toxic effect of synthetic melanin was found in mitochondria. In general, we conclude that more hydrophilic, bacterial melanin induced lower toxicity in neuroblastoma cells in comparison to synthetic melanin. Our findings can be useable for neuroscientific studies estimating the potential use for study of neuroprotection, neuromodulation or neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Handl
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Nyvltova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Capek
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cesla
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Anichka Hovsepyan
- Scientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" SNPO NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan St., Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Sona Avetisyan
- Scientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" SNPO NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan St., Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Petra Micankova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Bruckova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Stankova
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Knotkova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tigran Petrosyan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Institute, Yerevan Haybusak University, 6 Abelyan St., Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Tomas Rousar
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Cuba JPB, Alves GGB, Galindo LA, Paulin JV, Batagin-Neto A. Sulfonated melanin derivatives: theoretical evaluation of local reactivities and chemical structures. J Mol Model 2021; 27:362. [PMID: 34825273 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Melanins are natural macromolecules present in several organisms responsible for photoprotection, photosensitivity, ion chelation, and thermoregulation. Such materials have attracted attention due to their interesting electronic properties, which suggest their possible application in biocompatible devices. However, the low typical solubility of traditional melanins does not allow the production of good quality thin films. In this sense, soluble compounds obtained via alternative synthetic routes, for instance, via levodopa (L-DOPA) oxidation in sulfonated solvents (S-melanins), can be considered interesting technological materials. Despite this, the structural and electronic features of these compounds are not fully understood. In this context, here we present a theoretical study on the local reactivities of S-melanin building blocks to better understand possible mechanisms involved in its synthesis and propose extended structures of this material. For this purpose, condensed-to-atoms Fukui indices were evaluated in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT). The obtained results show that the different side groups present in S-melanins do not significantly influence the reactivity of the compound in relation to non-functionalized melanins, indicating that both materials can present similar macroscopic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P B Cuba
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Itapeva, Itapeva, SP, 18409-010, Brazil
| | - Gabriel G B Alves
- School of Sciences, POSMAT, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.
| | - Levy A Galindo
- School of Sciences, POSMAT, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
| | - João V Paulin
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Augusto Batagin-Neto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Itapeva, Itapeva, SP, 18409-010, Brazil.,School of Sciences, POSMAT, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil
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Abstract
Biocompatible and biodegradable powering materials are appealing systems for biomedical and electronic devices. Melanin is a natural and multifunctional material with redox capability, which is of great interest in electrochemical energy storage functionalities. In our work, we explored the use of soluble melanin derivatives as active materials for symmetric solid-state supercapacitors operating in the dark and under illumination. We observed that our devices were photo-pseudocapacitive. Additionally, under illumination, our best device showed a specific capacitance of 57.7 mFg−1 at a scan rate of 0.01 Vs−1, with a decrease of 53% in resistance compared to that in the dark. Our outcome suggests that soluble melanin is a promising material for solid-state powering elements in wearable and environmentally friendly devices.
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Paulin JV, Batagin-Neto A, Meredith P, Graeff CFO, Mostert AB. Shedding Light on the Free Radical Nature of Sulfonated Melanins. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10365-10373. [PMID: 33153262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanin, an important class of natural pigment found in the human body, has stood out as a promising bioelectronic material due to its rather unique collection of electrical properties and biocompatibility. Among the available melanin derivatives, the sulfonated form has proven to not only be able to produce homogeneous device quality thin films with excellent adhesion, even on hydrophobic surfaces, but also to act as an ion to electron transducing element. It has recently been shown that the transport physics (and dominant carrier generation) may be related to a semiquinone free radical species in these materials. Hence, a better understanding of the paramagnetic properties of sulfonated derivatives could shed light on their charge transport behavior and thus enable improvement in regard to use in bioelectronics. Motivated by this question, in this work, different sulfonated melanin derivatives were investigated by hydration-controlled, continuous-wave X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. Our results show that sulfonated melanin behaves similarly to non-functionalized melanin, but demonstrates a less pronounced response to humidity vis-à-vis standard melanin. We thus speculate on the structural and charge transport behavior in light of these differences with a view to further engineering structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Paulin
- School of Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology of Materials (POSMAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil.,Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - A Batagin-Neto
- School of Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology of Materials (POSMAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil.,São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus of Itapeva, Itapeva, Brazil
| | - P Meredith
- Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.,School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - C F O Graeff
- School of Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Science and Technology of Materials (POSMAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil.,School of Sciences, Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Brazil
| | - A B Mostert
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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Paulin JV, Veiga AG, Garcia-Basabe Y, Rocco MLM, Graeff CFO. Structural and optical properties of soluble melanin analogues with enhanced photoluminescence quantum efficiency. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Vitor Paulin
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science and Technology; Bauru Brazil
| | - Amanda Garcez Veiga
- Institute of Chemistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Yunier Garcia-Basabe
- Institute of Chemistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Carlos FO Graeff
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science and Technology; Bauru Brazil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics; Bauru Brazil
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Jin Z, Fan H. The modulation of melanin-like materials: methods, characterization and applications. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Jin
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Fan
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 People's Republic of China
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Albano LGS, Di Mauro E, Kumar P, Cicoira F, Graeff CFO, Santato C. Novel insights on the physicochemical properties of eumelanins and their DMSO derivatives. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz GS Albano
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; POSMAT - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais; Bauru SP Brazil
| | - Eduardo Di Mauro
- Département de Génie physique; Polytechnique Montréal; CP 6079, Succ. Centre-ville Montréal Québec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Prajwal Kumar
- Département de Génie chimique; Polytechnique Montréal; CP 6079, Succ. Centre-ville Montréal Québec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Fabio Cicoira
- Département de Génie chimique; Polytechnique Montréal; CP 6079, Succ. Centre-ville Montréal Québec Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Carlos FO Graeff
- UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; POSMAT - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais; Bauru SP Brazil
- DF-FC, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista; Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube 14-01 17033-360 Bauru SP Brazil
| | - Clara Santato
- Département de Génie physique; Polytechnique Montréal; CP 6079, Succ. Centre-ville Montréal Québec Canada H3C 3A7
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