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Dutra JAP, Luiz MT, Tavares Junior AG, Di Filippo LD, Carvalho SG, Chorilli M. Temozolomide: an Overview of Biological Properties, Drug Delivery Nanosystems, and Analytical Methods. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2073-2088. [PMID: 35658888 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220603152918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an imidazotetrazine prodrug used to treat glioblastoma multiforme. Its physicochemical prop-erties and small size confer the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The antitumor activity depends on pH-dependent hydrolysis of the methyldiazonium cation, which is capable of methylating purine bases (O6-guanine; N7-guanine, and N3-adenine) and causing DNA damage and cell death. TMZ is more stable in acidic media (pH ≤ 5.0) than in basic media (pH ≥ 7.0) due to the protonated form that minimizes the catalytic process. Because of this, TMZ has high oral bioavailability, but it has a half-life of 1.8 h and low brain distribution (17.8%), requiring a repeated dos-ing regimen that limits its efficacy and increases adverse events. Drug delivery Nanosystems (DDNs) improve the phys-icochemical properties of TMZ and may provide controlled and targeted delivery. Therefore, DDNs can increase the efficacy and safety of TMZ. In this context, to ensure the efficiency of DDNs, analytical methods are used to evaluate TMZ pharmacokinetic parameters, encapsulation efficiency, and the release profile of DDNs. Among the methods, high-performance liquid chromatography is the most used due to its detection sensitivity in complex matrices such as tissues and plasma. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography features fast analysis and no sample pretreatment. Spec-trophotometric methods are still used to determine encapsulation efficiency due to their low cost, despite their low sen-sitivity. This review summarizes the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of free TMZ and TMZ-loaded DDNs. In addition, this review addresses the main analytical methods employed to characterize TMZ in different ma-trices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Bra-zil
| | | | | | - Suzana Gonçalves Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Science of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sahli F, Courcelle M, Palama T, Djaker N, Savarin P, Spadavecchia J. Temozolomide, Gemcitabine, and Decitabine Hybrid Nanoconjugates: From Design to Proof-of-Concept (PoC) of Synergies toward the Understanding of Drug Impact on Human Glioblastoma Cells. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7410-7421. [PMID: 32524814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper emphasizes the synthesis of novel hybrid drug nanoparticles (Hyb-D-AuNPs) based on gold-temozolomide (TMZ) complexes combined with gemcitabine (GEM) and decitabine (DAC) to improve the efficiency and reduce the resistance of U87 malignant glial cells against TMZ. All products were evaluated by several spectroscopic techniques (Raman, UV-Vis) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Besides, for therapeutic purposes, the effect of these nanoparticles on cell proliferation and toxicity was evaluated, which clearly showed a synergic action of TMZ and GEM. Through the analysis of the exometabolome by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), the metabolic changes in the culture medium were measured in glial cells. Moreover, these nanoparticles are especially appropriated to the thermal destruction of cancer in the case of photothermal therapy due to their photothermal heating properties. This study presents an original chemical approach that it could play a central role in the field of nanomedicine, with novel perspectives for the development of new drugs and active targeting in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdaous Sahli
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Manon Courcelle
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Tony Palama
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Nadia Djaker
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Philippe Savarin
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Jolanda Spadavecchia
- Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d'Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, NBD-CSPBAT, UMR 7244, Bobigny 93000, France
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Cocrystallization of 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid: Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface, spectroscopic features and DFT studies. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.126894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mohamed TA, Shaaban IA, Soliman UA, Zoghaib WM. Computational studies, NMR, Raman and infrared spectral analysis of centrosymmetric (2Z,4Z)-Hexa-2,4-dienedinitrile. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633619500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Raman (50–3500[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]) and infrared (200–3500[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text]) spectra of (2Z,4Z)-Hexa-2,4-dienedinitrile (C6H4N2; cis,cis-HDDN) have been recorded. Initially, three conformers were proposed based on following point groups: C2h, C2v and [Formula: see text] (gauche). For comparison purposes, M05-2X, M06-2X method were used in addition to B3LYP, MP2[Formula: see text]full and MP4[Formula: see text]full quantum mechanical calculations employing 6-31G(d) and 6-311+G(d,p) basis sets using Gaussian 09 program. Aided by potential energy surface scan, the C2h conformer is verified as a global minimum and the gauche ([Formula: see text]) being a local minimum with an energy barrier of 2.82[Formula: see text]kcal/mol. The energy difference ranged from 4.87 to 13.70[Formula: see text]kcal/mol favors the C2h conformer in good agreement with Raman and infrared spectral analysis. These results were also supported by the observed [Formula: see text] value (H9-H[Formula: see text]) at 10.8[Formula: see text]Hz which is consistent to 10.19[Formula: see text]Hz estimated for centrosymmetric conformer (C2h) rather than 4.81[Formula: see text]Hz predicted for gauche ([Formula: see text]). Complete vibrational assignments are proposed herein based on normal coordinate analysis (NCA) and potential energy distributions (PEDs) combined with theoretical vibrational frequencies and force constants in internal coordinates. It is crucial that NCA using VEDA 4 program with mixing shows large deviations from ours due to neglecting symmetry elements while mixing molecular vibrational motions. The results of these spectroscopic and theoretical studies are reported herein and compared with similar molecules whenever appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Men’s Campus), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Men’s Campus), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Men’s Campus), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82621, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajdi M. Zoghaib
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Reddy S, Song L, Zhao Y, Zhao R, Wu D, He L, Ramakrishana S. Reduced graphene oxide-based electrochemically stimulated method for temozolomide delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Reddy
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR); Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Li Song
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR); Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Yuyuan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR); Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Dongni Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Liumin He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology; Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishana
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR); Jinan University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore City Singapore
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Faizan M, Ahmad S. Experimental vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and FT-Raman) of D-tryptophan and its anharmonic theoretical studies using density functional theory. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Faizan M, Alam MJ, Afroz Z, Bhat SA, Ahmad S. Anharmonic vibrational spectra and mode-mode couplings analysis of 2-aminopyridine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:26-31. [PMID: 28689075 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational spectra of 2-aminopyridine (2AP) have been analyzed using the vibrational self-consistence field theory (VSCF), correlated corrected vibrational self-consistence field theory (CC-VSCF) and vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) framework. The mode-mode couplings affect the vibrational frequencies and intensities. The coupling integrals between pairs of normal modes have been obtained on the basis of quartic force field (2MR-QFF) approximation. The overtone and combination bands are also assigned in the FTIR spectrum with the help of anharmonic calculation at VPT2 method. A statistical analysis of deviations shows that estimated anharmonic frequencies are closer to the experiment over harmonic approximation. Furthermore, the anharmonic correction has also been carried out for the dimeric structure of 2AP. The fundamental vibration bands have been assigned on the basis of potential energy distribution (PED) and visual look over the animated modes. Other important molecular properties such as frontier molecular orbitals and molecular electrostatics potential mapping have also been analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faizan
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Mohammad Jane Alam
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Ziya Afroz
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Sheeraz Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India.
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Study of molecular structure, anharmonic vibrational dynamic and electronic properties of sulindac using spectroscopic techniques integrated with quantum chemical calculations. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Anharmonic vibrational and electronic spectral study of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6–methylpyrimidine: A combined experimental (FTIR, FT-Raman, UV–Vis) and theoretical (DFT, MP2) approach. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xu Q, Wang M, Zhao Y, Yang C, Ma X. Ab Initio Studies on Spectroscopic Constants for the HAsO Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7009-7015. [PMID: 28841020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The anharmonic force fields and spectroscopic constants of the electronic ground state (X̃1A') for the HAsO molecule are reported employing the MP2, B3LYP, B3P86, and B3PW91 methods with cc-pVQZ and cc-pV5Z basis sets. The calculated molecular geometries, rotational constants, vibrational frequencies, and anharmonic constants of the HAsO molecule are compared with the experimental data. It is found that the best agreement between the calculated results and experiment data is at the B3LYP/cc-pV5Z theoretical level. The predicted cubic and quartic force fields, vibration-rotation interaction constants, quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants, and Coriolis coupling constants of the HAsO molecule at the B3LYP/cc-pV5Z theoretical level are expected to be reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Xu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University , Yantai 264025, China
| | - Meishan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University , Yantai 264025, China
| | - Yanliang Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University , Yantai 264025, China
| | - Chuanlu Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University , Yantai 264025, China
| | - Xiaoguang Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University , Yantai 264025, China
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The simulation of UV spectroscopy and electronic analysis of temozolomide and dacarbazine chemical decomposition to their metabolites. J Mol Model 2016; 22:270. [PMID: 27783227 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The electronic features of anti-tumor agent, temozolomide, and its degradation products (MTIC and metabolite AIC) have been traced by means of UV absorption spectroscopy in vacuo and aqueous media. For comparison, electronic spectra of related structures and drugs (e.g., dacarbazine) were also investigated. These investigations were carried out using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method while the conductor like screening model (COSMO) were applied for the inclusion of solvent effects in electronic spectra. From functional benchmarking, two methods; B3LYP and O3LYP were selected among several other methods with 6-311+G(2d,p) basis set aiming to get the best results in accord with the experimental values. An assessment of the obtained spectra has shown that O3LYP functional gives a mean absolute error (MAE) from experimental absorption peaks of 4.3 nm compared to the 7.2 nm MAE value at B3LYP level in aqueous media. Furthermore, since the structural and tautomeric conformers affect the electronic spectra, conformational preferences have been analyzed in temozolomide, dacarbazine, and their related structures. Temozolomide structure possesses two rotamers that differ in the orientation of carboxamide moiety with a small energy difference (energy difference of 1.39 kcal mol-1 in vacuo and 0.35 kcal mol-1 in aqueous media at B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,3pd). The more stable and meta-stable TMZ rotamer have shown their absorption maxima at 329-334 nm, respectively, at O3LYP level in aqueous media. Applying statistical calculation according to Boltzmann population formula at 25 °C and computed weighed mean estimates the λmax of temozolomide at 331 nm, which is in notable agreement with the experimental value (330 nm). Moreover, molecular orbital composition analysis has been conducted in order to interpret these findings. Graphical Abstract Temozolomide and dacarbazine.
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Tautomeric transformation of temozolomide, their proton affinities and chemical reactivities: A theoretical approach. J Mol Graph Model 2016; 66:76-84. [PMID: 27041447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase geometry optimizations of bare, mono- and dihydrated complexes of temozolomide isomers were carried out using density functional calculation at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of the theory. The structures and protonation energies of protonated species of temozolomide are reported. Chemical indices of all isomers and protonated species are also reported. Energies, thermodynamic quantities, rate constants and equilibrium constants of tautomeric and rotameric transformations of all isomers I1↔TZM↔HIa↔HIb↔I2↔I3 in bare and hydrated systems were obtained.
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Hydrogen bonded and stacked geometries of the temozolomide dimer. J Mol Model 2016; 22:77. [PMID: 26971506 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-2934-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT) and MP2 quantum chemical methods are used to examine homodimers of temozolomide (TMZ). Of the 12 dimer configurations found to be minima, the antarafacial stacked dimer is the most favored, it is lower in energy than coplanar dimers which are stabilized by H-bonds. The comparison between B3LYP and B3LYP-D binding energies points to dispersion as a primary factor in stabilizing the stacked geometries. CO(π) → CO(π*) charge transfers between amide groups in the global minimum are identified by NBO, as well as a pair of weak CH∙∙N H-bonds. AIM analysis of the electron density provides an alternative description which includes N∙∙O, N∙∙N, and C∙∙C noncovalent bonds.
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