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Bisong EA, Louis H, Unimuke TO, Odey JO, Ubana EI, Edim MM, Tizhe FT, Agwupuye JA, Utsu PM. Vibrational, electronic, spectroscopic properties, and NBO analysis of p-xylene, 3,6-difluoro-p-xylene, 3,6-dichloro-p-xylene and 3,6-dibromo-pxylene: DFT study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05783. [PMID: 33385089 PMCID: PMC7772552 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explains the vibration and interaction of p-xylene and effect of three elements (fluorine, chlorine and bromine) of the halogen family substitution on it. Basic chemistry of four, compounds p-xylene (PX); 3,6-diflouro-p-xylene (DFPX); 3,6-dichloro-p-xylene (DCPX) and 3,6-dibromo-p-xylene (DBPX) has been explained extensively using theoretical approach. Vibrational energy distribution analysis (VEDA) software was used to study the potential energy distribution (PED) analysis, bond length, bond angles and dihedral angles of PX, DFPX, DCPX, DBPX after optimization with GAUSSIAN 09 software. The trend in chemical reactivity and stability of the studied compounds was observed to show increasing stability and decreasing reactivity moving from DBPX, DCPX, DFPX to PX and this was obtained from the calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) values. Our results show that PX is the best electron donor (best nucleophile) while DBPX is the best electron acceptor (the best electrophile). We also observed that the substituted halogen increases the value of the bond angles but the effect is reduced as the size of the halogen increases. The maximum intensity and the frequency value for the maximum intensity of the different compounds was determined using the VEDA 04 software. From our natural bond orbital (NBO) 7.0 program analysis, the studied compounds are said to show biological activities as well as the intramolecular hyperconjugative interactions responsible for stabilizing the compounds. The NBO results also revealed that the non-bonding interaction existing between the lone pair electron on the halogen atoms and the aromatic ring increases the stability of the halogen substituted para-xylene molecules. Multiwfn: A Multifunctional Wavefunction Analyzer was used for the spectroscopic plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel A Bisong
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Tomsmith O Unimuke
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Odey
- Department of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel I Ubana
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Moses M Edim
- Department of Chemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | | | - John A Agwupuye
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.,Computational Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.,Department of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.,Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 10900 Beijing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Patrick M Utsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
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Viji A, Balachandran V, Babiyana S, Narayana B, Saliyan VV. Molecular docking and quantum chemical calculations of 4-methoxy-{2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(4-(propane-2-yl) PHENYL)-4, 5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]- 1, 3-thiazol-4-yl}phenol. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Hemachandran K, Anbusrinivasan P, Ramalingam S, Manoharan C, Aarthi R. Biological and structural properties’ interpretation on antitumour drug 3-(2-aminoethyl) indole (tryptamine) using molecular spectroscopy and computational tools. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1559008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hemachandran
- Department of Chemistry, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, India
| | | | - S. Ramalingam
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, India
| | - C. Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, India
| | - R. Aarthi
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, India
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Ramalingam S, Manzoor Ali M, George G, Manthiri AA, Periandy S. Vibrational investigation on pharmaceutical activity of m-xylene-4-sulphonic acid by quantum computational and experimental support. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2018.1451115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ramalingam
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, India
| | | | - Gene George
- Department of Physics, T.B.M.L. College, Porayar, India
| | - A. Abbas Manthiri
- Department of Physics, Jamal Mohamed College, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - S. Periandy
- Department of Physics, Kanchi Mamunivar Centre for PG Studies, Puducherry, India
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Venkatesh G, Govindaraju M, Kamal C, Vennila P, Kaya S. Structural, electronic and optical properties of 2,5-dichloro-p-xylene: experimental and theoretical calculations using DFT method. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25535c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational spectra including FT-IR and FT-Raman for 2,5-dichloro-p-xylene (DCPX) have been recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Venkatesh
- R&D Centre
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore-641 046
- India
| | - M. Govindaraju
- Department of Chemistry
- Arignar Anna Government Arts College
- Namakkal-638 052
- India
| | - C. Kamal
- Department of Chemistry
- VSA Group of Institutions
- Salem
- India
| | - P. Vennila
- Department of Chemistry
- Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College
- Rasipuram-638 052
- India
| | - S. Kaya
- Department of Chemistry
- Cumhuriyet University
- Sivas-58140
- Turkey
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