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Ta W, Li X, Song J, Hua R, Zheng Y, Lu W. Customizable Dual-Fluorescent Nanoparticles for Tracing and Quantifying of Cell Transport. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1823-1834. [PMID: 37041817 PMCID: PMC10083028 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s394953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (nano-DDS) have been developed to be a promising strategy to improve the efficacy, safety, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics properties of drugs. It is very necessary to elucidate the delivery process in vivo or in cells for the rational design and accurate preparation of nano-DDS. The aim of this study was to construct a nano-DDS to visualize and quantify the intracellular behavior of the loaded cargo and carrier in such a system. Methods A carboxyl-terminal end of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer was fluorescently labeled with rhodamine B by conjugation of ethylenediamine. Dual-fluorescent nanoparticles (DFPs) were prepared from this fluorescently labeled polymer to encapsulate a fluorescent cargo, coumarin 6. The carrier and cargo of DFPs were monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy during cellular uptake. Furthermore, the transcellular transportation of DFPs was evaluated quantitatively by measuring the fluorescence intensity. Results The obtained fluorescent polymer showed stable and quantifiable characteristics. DFPs could be customized in terms of coumarin 6 content (97.7±1.0%), size (367.3±1.7 nm) and dual-emission fluorescence (green cargo and red carrier). DFPs did not significantly affect cell viability, the integrity of cell monolayers and the microscopic morphology at concentrations below 0.7 mg/mL within 3 h of co-incubation with Caco-2 cells. Multichannel fluorescence monitoring revealed that the fluorescence intensity of the carrier and cargo increased with time, but not synchronously. By calculating the residual, intracellular, and transport amounts of DFPs, the material balance between the total amount of cellular transport and the dose administered was obtained. Conclusion Based on the advantages of dual fluorescent labeling, the differential behavior of cell trafficking can be visualized and quantitatively analyzed for the cargo and carrier of DFPs. These results provide insights into the cellular transport process of holistic nanoparticles and complement our understanding of the biological behaviors of nano-DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ta
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jihong Song
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruochen Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Wen Lu, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Li K, Zhou F, He A, Guo R, Yang L, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Noda I, Ozaki Y. Random swapping, an effective and efficient way to boost the intensities of cross peaks in a 2D asynchronous spectrum. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:120968. [PMID: 35152094 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of mixture via chromatographic-spectroscopic and analogous experiments is a common task in analytical chemistry. A 2D/nD asynchronous spectrum is effective in retrieving spectra of pure substances even if different components cannot be separated. However, noise in the 2D/nD asynchronous spectrum becomes a bottleneck in the analysis. Finding a suitable sequence of the 1D spectra used in constructing the 2D/nD asynchronous spectrum is helpful to improve the signal-to-noise level. A 2D/nD asynchronous spectrum is often produced via a large number of 1D spectra. The resultant colossal number of the possible sequences makes stochastic search the only possible way to find a suitable sequence. Random changing (RC) and random swapping (RS) are two ways to obtain a new sequence. We found that the possibility of finding a better sequence via an RS is significantly higher than that via an RC in the advanced stage of stochastic searching. This is the reason why the performance of RS is superior to that of RC in two model systems where 2D asynchronous spectra are used. We applied the RS approach on the analysis of water/isopropanol mixtures, and satisfactory sequences are acquired with affordable computational cost. Thus, the RS approach brings about an opportunity increase the signal-to-noise level of a 2D asynchronous spectrum in the analysis of the bilinear data from complex mixed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Fengshan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Anqi He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Ran Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Beijing CKC, PerkinElmer Inc., Beijing 100015, PR China
| | - Limin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yizhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Jiangsu JITRI Molecular Engineering Inst. Co., Ltd., Changshu Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Suzhou 215500, PR China.
| | - Isao Noda
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669 - 1337, Japan
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He AQ, Li Q, Yu ZQ, Tian J, Song J, Feng J, Xu YZ, Noda I, Ozaki Y. Investigation on the luminescence behavior of terbium acetylsalicylate/bilirubin system via 2D-COS approaches. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119427. [PMID: 33461134 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terbium acetylsalicylate has been prepared, and the ethanol solution of the complex exhibits strong luminescence under the excitation of ultraviolet radiation. When a small amount of bilirubin solution is introduced into the solution containing a high concentration of terbium acetylsalicylate, a remarkable diminution of the luminescence of the terbium complex was observed. Investigations on the behavior and life-time of luminescence indicate that the quenching is not caused by forming a stable non-luminescent product via a reaction between terbium acetylsalicylate and bilirubin. A π-π interaction between the chromophore of bilirubin and the aromatic moiety of ligand was revealed via the pattern of cross peaks in the 2D asynchronous spectrum generated using the DAOSD (double asynchronous orthogonal sample design) approach. Such an interaction paves a route for energy transfer in the quenching process. The combination of a high concentration of the terbium complex and a long life-time of luminescence in the lanthanide complex/bilirubin system forms a special scenario: a bilirubin molecule by diffusion may visit and deactivate dozens of excited terbium complexes within the half-life period of the lanthanide complex. This is why a small amount of bilirubin can bring about the significant reduction of luminescence on the solution containing a high concentration of the terbium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, PR China
| | - Jun Song
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, PR China
| | - Yi-Zhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Isao Noda
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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He A, Kang X, Xu Y, Noda I, Ozaki Y, Wu J. Investigation on intermolecular interaction between berberine and β-cyclodextrin by 2D UV-Vis asynchronous spectra. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 185:343-348. [PMID: 28601038 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between berberine chloride and β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD) is investigated via 2D asynchronous UV-Vis spectrum. The occurrence of cross peaks around (420nm, 420nm) in 2D asynchronous spectrum reveals that specific intermolecular interaction indeed exists between berberine chloride and β-CyD. In spite of the difficulty caused by overlapping of cross peaks, we manage to confirm that the 420nm band of berberine undergoes a red-shift, and its bandwidth decreases under the interaction with β-CyD. The red-shift of the 420nm band that can be assigned to n-π* transition indicates the environment of berberine becomes more hydrophobic. The above spectral behavior is helpful in understanding why the solubility of berberine is enhanced by β-CyD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Ninghai Doubly Advanced Material Co, Ltd., Ninghai 315602, PR China; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Yizhuang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Ninghai Doubly Advanced Material Co, Ltd., Ninghai 315602, PR China.
| | - Isao Noda
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Jinguang Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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