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Li L, Zhang J, Li B, Yi G, Wang T, Peng Y. Theoretical exploration of the stabilities and detonation parameters of nitro-substituted 1H-benzotriazole. J Mol Model 2024; 30:104. [PMID: 38483705 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The nitro group was introduced into the nitrogen heterocycle of 1H-benzotriazole to design a total of 31 derivatives. To estimate the thermal stability of these derivatives, the heat of formation (HOF) is calculated based on the isodesmic reaction. The bond dissociation energy (BDE) was also predicted based on the homolytic reaction to further evaluate the dynamic stability. To evaluate the possibility of utilizing as high energy density compounds (HEDCs), the detonation parameters including the detonation pressure (P), detonation velocity (D), and explosive heat (Q) are predicted by taking advantage of the Kamlet-Jacobs empirical equation. To measure the sensitivity to impact, both the characteristic height (H50) and free space in crystal (∆V) are considered in this paper. Based on our calculations, D-series and E are found to be the candidates for HEDCs. METHODS The Gaussian 09 software package was used in this paper. The B3PW91 hybrid function with the 6-311 + G(d,p) basis set was chosen to perform the structural optimization, frequency analysis, heat of formation, and bond dissociation energy. The detonation parameters were calculated following the Kamlet-Jacobs equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 522000, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 510006, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 051008, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 522000, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 510006, China
| | - Butong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 522000, China.
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 510006, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 051008, China.
| | - Guobin Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 522000, China.
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 510006, China.
| | - Taoyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 522000, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 510006, China
| | - Yanhong Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 522000, China
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Guangdong University of Technology, Jieyang, 510006, China
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Melnikov IN, Kiselev VG, Dalinger IL, Starosotnikov AM, Muravyev NV, Pivkina AN. Thermochemistry, Tautomerism, and Thermal Stability of 5,7-Dinitrobenzotriazoles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065330. [PMID: 36982405 PMCID: PMC10049112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro derivatives of benzotriazoles are safe energetic materials with remarkable thermal stability. In the present study, we report on the kinetics and mechanism of thermal decomposition for 5,7-dinitrobenzotriazole (DBT) and 4-amino-5,7-dinitrobenzotriazole (ADBT). The pressure differential scanning calorimetry was employed to study the decomposition kinetics of DBT experimentally because the measurements under atmospheric pressure are disturbed by competing evaporation. The thermolysis of DBT in the melt is described by a kinetic scheme with two global reactions. The first stage is a strong autocatalytic process that includes the first-order reaction (Ea1I = 173.9 ± 0.9 kJ mol−1, log(A1I/s−1) = 12.82 ± 0.09) and the catalytic reaction of the second order with Ea2I = 136.5 ± 0.8 kJ mol−1, log(A2I/s−1) = 11.04 ± 0.07. The experimental study was complemented by predictive quantum chemical calculations (DLPNO-CCSD(T)). The calculations reveal that the 1H tautomer is the most energetically preferable form for both DBT and ADBT. Theory suggests the same decomposition mechanisms for DBT and ADBT, with the most favorable channels being nitro-nitrite isomerization and C–NO2 bond cleavage. The former channel has lower activation barriers (267 and 276 kJ mol−1 for DBT and ADBT, respectively) and dominates at lower temperatures. At the same time, due to the higher preexponential factor, the radical bond cleavage, with reaction enthalpies of 298 and 320 kJ mol−1, dominates in the experimental temperature range for both DBT and ADBT. In line with the theoretical predictions of C–NO2 bond energies, ADBT is more thermally stable than DBT. We also determined a reliable and mutually consistent set of thermochemical values for DBT and ADBT by combining the theoretically calculated (W1-F12 multilevel procedure) gas-phase enthalpies of formation and experimentally measured sublimation enthalpies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N. Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly G. Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Physics Department, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor L. Dalinger
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Ave., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nikita V. Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-499-137-8203
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Marín-Luna M, Claramunt RM, Elguero J, Alkorta I. Theoretical and Spectroscopic Characterization of API-Related Azoles in Solution and in Solid State. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4847-4857. [PMID: 32811407 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200818212846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Azoles are a family of five-membered azacyclic compounds with relevant biological and pharmacological activity. Different subclasses of azoles are defined depending on the atomic arrangement and the number of nitrogen atoms present in the ring: pyrazoles, indazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, triazoles, benzotriazoles, tetrazoles and pentazoles. The complete characterization of their structure and the knowledge about their crystal packing and physical and chemical properties are of vital importance for the advancement in the design of new azole-containing drugs. In this review, we report the latest recent contributions to azole chemistry, in particular, those in which theoretical studies have been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey, 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
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Quesada-Moreno MM, Avilés-Moreno JR, López-González JJ, Zúñiga FJ, María DS, Claramunt RM, Reviriego F, Alkorta I, Elguero J. The synergy of different solid-state techniques to elucidate the supramolecular assembly of two 1H-benzotriazole polymorphs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19879-19889. [PMID: 31475282 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1H-Benzotriazole crystallizes as two different polymorphs, namely 4aα and 4aβ. One polymorph is chiral and it resolves spontaneously as conglomerates. The other polymorph crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group and it is therefore achiral. In both polymorphs supramolecular structures are formed starting from achiral monomers. An analysis of these two polymorphs of 1H-benzotriazole has been carried out by a complete strategy involving different solid-state experimental techniques and quantum chemical calculations (DFT, Density Functional Theory). In particular, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy techniques (FarIR, IR and Raman) that are not sensitive to chirality have been used to characterize the two polymorphs structurally. Vibrational spectroscopy (VCD, Vibrational Circular Dichroism) that is sensitive to chirality was employed to determine the absolute configuration (M or P helices) of the chiral supramolecular structure of 4aα.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mar Quesada-Moreno
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
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Marín-Luna M, Alkorta I, Elguero J. A theoretical NMR study of selected benzazoles: Comparison of GIPAW and GIAO-PCM (DMSO) calculations. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:164-171. [PMID: 29077221 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper compares the absolute shieldings obtained by gauge-including-projected-augmented-wave (GIPAW) to those obtained by gauge-invariant atomic orbital/Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (GIAO/B3LYP)/6-311++G(d,p)-polarizable continuum model (PCM, dimethyl sulfoxide) for nine benzazoles (benzimidazoles, indazoles, and benzotriazoles) recorded in the solid-state. Three nuclei were explored, 13 C, 15 N, and 19 F, and the gauge-including-projected-augmented-wave approach only proved better for 15 N MAS NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marín-Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
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Quesada-Moreno MM, Cruz-Cabeza AJ, Avilés-Moreno JR, Cabildo P, Claramunt RM, Alkorta I, Elguero J, Zúñiga FJ, López-González JJ. The Curious Case of 2-Propyl-1H-benzimidazole in the Solid State: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5665-5674. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Mar Quesada-Moreno
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Aurora J. Cruz-Cabeza
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
- Departamento
de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Cabildo
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Dpto. Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey
9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Claramunt
- Facultad
de Ciencias, Dpto. Química Orgánica y Bio-Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Senda del Rey
9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto
de Química Médica, Centro de Química Orgánica
Manuel Lora-Tamayo, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto
de Química Médica, Centro de Química Orgánica
Manuel Lora-Tamayo, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Zúñiga
- Facultad
de Ciencia y Tecnología, Dpto. Física Materia Condensada, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús López-González
- Departamento
de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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