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Bhosale SV, Al Kobaisi M, Jadhav RW, Morajkar PP, Jones LA, George S. Naphthalene diimides: perspectives and promise. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9845-9998. [PMID: 34308940 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the developments in the field of naphthalene diimides (NDIs) from 2016 to the presentday. NDIs are shown to be an increasingly interesting class of molecules due to their electronic properties, large electron deficient aromatic cores and tendency to self-assemble into functional structures. Almost all NDIs possess high electron affinity, good charge carrier mobility, and excellent thermal and oxidative stability, making them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics, photovoltaic devices, and flexible displays. NDIs have also been extensively studied due to their potential real-world uses across a wide variety of applications including supramolecular chemistry, sensing, host-guest complexes for molecular switching devices, such as catenanes and rotaxanes, ion-channels, catalysis, and medicine and as non-fullerene accepters in solar cells. In recent years, NDI research with respect to supramolecular assemblies and mechanoluminescent properties has also gained considerable traction. Thus, this review will assist a wide range of readers and researchers including chemists, physicists, biologists, medicinal chemists and materials scientists in understanding the scope for development and applicability of NDI dyes in their respective fields through a discussion of the main properties of NDI derivatives and of the status of emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheshanath V Bhosale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ratan W Jadhav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Pranay P Morajkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Lathe A Jones
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Subi George
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur PO, Bangalore-560064, India
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Kotowicz S, Korzec M, Pająk AK, Golba S, Małecki JG, Siwy M, Grzelak J, Maćkowski S, Schab-Balcerzak E. New Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Systems Based on Bis-(Imino-1,8-Naphthalimide). MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112714. [PMID: 34064056 PMCID: PMC8196752 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, six novel symmetrical bis-(imino-1,8-naphthalimides) differing in core and N-substituent structure were synthesized, and their thermal (TGA, DSC), optical (UV-Vis, PL), electrochemical (DPV, CV) properties were evaluated. The compounds were stable to 280 °C and could be transferred into amorphous materials. Electrochemical investigations showed their ability to occur reductions and oxidations processes. They exhibited deep LUMO levels of about -3.22 eV and HOMO levels above -5.80 eV. The optical investigations were carried out in the solutions (polar and non-polar) and in films and blends with PVK:PBD. Bis-(imino-1,8-naphthalimides) absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the range of 243-415 nm and emitted light from blue to yellow. Their capacity for light emission under voltage was preliminarily tested in devices with an active layer consisting of a neat compound and a blend with PVK:PBD. The diodes emitted green or red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Pająk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty Str., 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Justyna Grzelak
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Faculty of Physics, Institute of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 5 Grudziadzka Str., 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.P.); (J.G.M.); (E.S.-B.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
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Bishop S, Tremblay MH, Gellé A, Skene WG. Understanding Color Tuning and Reversible Oxidation of Conjugated Azomethines. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2687-2693. [PMID: 30892894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of achieving reversible oxidation and color tuning, the effect of the central aromatic on the spectroscopic, electrochemical, and spectrochemical properties of a series of electrochromic azomethine triads was investigated. The absorption of the alkylated thiophene derivatives was blue-shifted relative to their unalkylated counterparts when the central aromatic was either a bi- or terthiophene. It was further found that the alkylated thiophene derivatives had larger Stokes shifts than their unsubstituted counterparts. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that the torsion angles of these alkylated cores with respect to the flanking azomethines were responsible for the spectroscopic effects. While the electrochemical oxidation potential of the triads varied by only 100 mV, the reversibility of their anodic process was contingent on the central aromatic. The absorption of the electrochemically produced state red-shifted between 165 and 280 nm from its corresponding neutral state, leading to perceived color changes between orange and blue. Reversible color changes were chemically mediated with ferric chloride/hydrazine. The absorption of the chemically oxidized state shifted between 155 and 220 nm from the corresponding neutral state, contingent on the central aromatic. The palette of perceived colors that was possible with oxidation included orange, yellow, blue, and gray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bishop
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , CP 6128 Centre-ville , Montreal , Quebec
| | - Marie-Hélène Tremblay
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , CP 6128 Centre-ville , Montreal , Quebec
| | - Alexandra Gellé
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , CP 6128 Centre-ville , Montreal , Quebec
| | - W G Skene
- Laboratoire de caractérisation photophysique des matériaux conjugués, Département de Chimie , Université de Montréal , CP 6128 Centre-ville , Montreal , Quebec
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