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Kolcu F, Çulhaoğlu S, Kaya İ. Comparative Study of Bis-Schiff Case Containing Conjugated Oligomers Based on Phosphate and Silane Moieties: Investigation of Photophysical and Thermal Properties. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24789-24806. [PMID: 38882123 PMCID: PMC11170720 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Oligo(azomethine)s bearing phosphate and silane moieties were the subject of an investigation within this study. The initial stage involved the synthesis of two Schiff base monomers, denoted as SCH-1 and SCH-2 (SCHs), each possessing a pair of hydroxyl functional groups. This was achieved through a loss of water between the aldehyde and diamine precursors. Subsequently, the Schiff base entities were subjected to oligomerization through HCl-mediated elimination due to the interaction between the hydroxyl groups of the Schiff bases and the chlorine moieties of dichlorodiethylsilane (Si) or phenyl dichlorophosphate (P). This procedure yielded distinct P-oligo(azomethine) (P1-P, P2-P) and Si-oligo(azomethine) (P1-Si and P2-Si) structures corresponding to each precursor. The molecular structures of the synthesized Schiff base monomers and oligo(azomethine)s were elucidated employing Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR techniques. Thermal properties of the resulting products were assessed by utilizing thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG/DTA and DSC) techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to acquire high-resolution images and detailed surface information on the samples. Additionally, X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze the phase properties of the solid samples. Furthermore, the optical band gap (E g) values of the resulting P-oligo(azomethine)s and Si-oligo(azomethine)s were determined utilizing UV-vis spectrophotometer. The relatively low band gap values exhibited by the synthesized oligo(azomethine)s were indicative of their potential suitability as semiconductive materials in the realm of electronic and optoelectronic device fabrication. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements disclosed a green emission profile upon excitation by blue light. The oligo(azomethine)s incorporating methoxy groups demonstrated a red shift in comparison to their counterparts with methyl groups. Remarkably, no discernible fluctuations in fluorescence were observed over a 3600 s interval under consistent conditions. This observation underscored the inherent stability of the PL emission across the spectral range of exciting light. Thermal analyses unveiled high thermal stability of the synthesized oligo(azomethine)s, sustaining their structural integrity up to 220 °C. The char % of P-oligo(azomethine)s and Si-oligo(azomethine)s were observed to fall within the range of 29.45-55.47% at 1000 °C. SEM images revealed the absence of pores on the surface of P2-Si, which exhibited the highest limiting oxygen index and thermal heat release index (T HRI) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Kolcu
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab., Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
- Lapseki Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 178, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Çulhaoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab., Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
- Barem Packaging Industry and Trade A.S., Tire 35910, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İsmet Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab., Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
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Manigandan S, Muthusamy A, Anand S, Nandhakumar R, Guna P. Azine Based Oligoesteric Chemosensors for Cu 2+ Ion Detection: Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and Theoretical Investigations. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03750-5. [PMID: 38809471 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Synthesized monomer and its three oligoesters were characterized by techniques such as 1H, 13C{1H}, IR, UV, GPC and applied to chemosensor applications. A series of metal ions was studied with fluorophores to evaluate the sensitivity towards Cu2+ ion. The fluorophores results exhibit the selective and sensitive "Turn off" fluorescence response with Cu2+ ion in DMF/H2O (1:1, pH: 7.4, fluorophore: 5 µM) solution. Binding stoichiometry and binding constant of fluorophores were calculated using Stern-Volmer equation and Benesi-Hildebrand plots, respectively. Structure of fluorophores were studied using DFT, B3LYP/6-311 + + G(d,p) level basis set. Quenching mechanisms and electrical properties of fluorophores were explained with theoretical outcomes. Iodine doped and undoped oligoesters electrical conductivity were studied in solid-state and the conductivity was gradually increased with increase the contact time of iodine with oligoesters. At different frequencies and temperatures, the dielectric measurement was calculated using the two-probe method. Among all oligoesters, DMDAP exhibited high electrical conductivity and DMDMP has a higher dielectric constant value than other oligoesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Manigandan
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641 020, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Athianna Muthusamy
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641 020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Siddeswaran Anand
- Department of Chemistry, K.S.R. College of Engineering, KSR Kalvinagar, Tiruchengode, 637215, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Raju Nandhakumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-Be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Prabakaran Guna
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-Be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, 641 114, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kaya İ, Koça S, Karaer Yağmur H. The green synthesis of oligo(azomethine)s based on p-anisidine and o-anisidine: reaction conditions, electrochemical and thermal properties. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2022.2140675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Kaya
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Semra Koça
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hatice Karaer Yağmur
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
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Anand S, Muthusamy A, Dineshkumar S. Synthesis, characterization, electrical and thermal properties of hydrazone polymers derived from 2,4–dinitro phenyl hydrazine. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Manigandan S, Muthusamy A, Nandhakumar R, David CI, Anand S. Synthesis, characterization, theoretical investigations and fluorescent sensing behavior of oligomeric azine-based Fe3+Chemosensors. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083211055675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three azine oligomeric esters were synthesized, characterized by IR, UV, 1H, 13C{1H} and GPC technique, and applied to chemosensor application. The sensitivity response of the oligomers towards the metal ion was evaluated for a metal ion series. The results have shown selective and sensitive “turn off” fluorescence response towards Fe3+ ion in DMF/H2O (1:1, pH: 7.4, fluorophore: 5 μM) solution. The binding stoichiometry and binding constant of the fluorophores were calculated using the Stern–Volmer equation and Benesi–Hildebrand plots, respectively. The quenching of fluorophores on the addition of Fe3+ ion indicates the capability of fluorophore towards quantitative analysis of Fe3+. The dimer of oligomers was theoretically studied using DFT, B3LYP/6-311G level basic set to support and explain the quenching mechanism of LMCT, PET process and to explain the DC, AC electrical studies results. The electrical conductivity measurements of solid-state, I2 doped and undoped oligomers were carried out and the conductivity gradually increases with increase in iodine vapor contact time of oligomers. The electrical conductivity was related with band gap and charge density values of imine nitrogen obtained by Huckel calculations. The dielectric measurements at different temperatures and frequencies were made by two probe method. Among the oligomers, EBHAP has recorded a high dielectric constant at the low applied frequency of 50 Hz at 373 K due to loosely attached π bonds resulting good polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Manigandan
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - Athianna Muthusamy
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - Raju Nandhakumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Coimbatore, India
| | - Charles Immanuel David
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Coimbatore, India
| | - Siddeswaran Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Muthayammal Engineering College, Namakkal, India
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Manigandan S, Muthusamy A, Nandhakumar R, David CI. Recognition of Mn2+ Ion by Azine Based Fluorescent Chemo Sensor and Its Theoretical Investigation. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x21350121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Sengottuvelu D, Athianna M, Siddeswaran A. High temperature stable conjugated polyazomethines containing naphthalene moiety: Synthesis, characterization, optical, electrical and thermal properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:118989. [PMID: 33035889 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of azomethine diol monomers containing naphthalene moiety were synthesized and oxidatively polymerized in aqueous alkaline medium using NaOCl as oxidant. The structure of the monomers and polymers was characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques. PL spectra of polymers are exhibiting good emission with high Stokes shift values than the monomers due to their polyconjugated structure. The electrical conductivity of polymers was measured by a two-point probe technique, and it increases with an increase in iodine vapour contact time up to 144 h. The electrical conductivity values were correlated with the charge density on azomethine nitrogen obtained from the Hückel calculation method. The dielectric properties of polymers were studied at different temperatures in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz. The synthesized polyazomethines have recorded high thermal stability and are shown by carbon residue of around 50% at 800 °C in the thermogravimetric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dineshkumar Sengottuvelu
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Muthusamy Athianna
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Anand Siddeswaran
- Department of Chemistry, Muthayammal Engineering College (Autonomous), Rasipuram, Namakkal 637408, Tamil Nadu, India
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Manigandan S, Muthusamy A, Nandhakumar R, Immanuel David C. Recognition of Fe3+ by a new azine-based fluorescent “turn-off” chemosensor and its binding mode analysis using DFT. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hafeez A, Akhter Z, Gallagher JF, Khan NA, Gul A, Shah FU. Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Bis-aldehyde Monomers and Their Electrically Conductive Pristine Polyazomethines. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091498. [PMID: 31540265 PMCID: PMC6780126 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bis-aldehyde monomers 4-(4′-formyl-phenoxy)benzaldehyde (3a), 3-methoxy-4-(4′-formyl-phenoxy)benzaldehyde (3b), and 3-ethoxy-4-(4′-formyl-phenoxy)benzaldehyde (3c) were synthesized by etherification of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (1) with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2a), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2b), and 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2c), respectively. Each monomer was polymerized with p-phenylenediamine and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether to yield six poly(azomethine)s. Single crystal X-ray diffraction structures of 3b and 3c were determined. The structural characterization of the monomers and poly(azomethine)s was performed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Physicochemical properties of polymers were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), viscometry, UV–vis, spectroscopy and photoluminescence. These polymers were subjected to electrical conductivity measurements by the four-probe method, and their conductivities were found to be in the range 4.0 × 10−5 to 6.4 × 10−5 Scm−1, which was significantly higher than the values reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zareen Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - John F Gallagher
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nawazish Ali Khan
- Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asghari Gul
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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Kaya İ, Kamacı M. Poly(azomethine‐imide)s containing siloxane moities: Optical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Kaya
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and ArtsÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart University 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Musa Kamacı
- Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and ArtsÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart University 17020 Çanakkale Turkey
- Piri Reis University 34940 Tuzla Istanbul Turkey
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Thermal degradation kinetic, electrical and dielectric behavior of brush copolymer with a polystyrene backbone and polyacrylate-amide side chains/ nanographene-filled composites. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical, electrical, thermal and ESIPT behaviour of oligobenzimidazoles of certain substituted benzimidazole carboxylic acids and their diode applications. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Anand S, Muthusamy A. Synthesis and characterization of oligobenzimidazoles: Electrochemical, electrical, optical, thermal and rectification properties. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Anand S, Muthusamy A, Dineshkumar S, Kannapiran N. Synthesis, characterization, optical, thermal and electrical properties of polybenzimidazoles. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1424550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddeswaran Anand
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Athianna Muthusamy
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottuvelu Dineshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nagarajan Kannapiran
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vini R, Thenmozhi S, Murugavel SC. Synthesis, characterization and thermal degradation kinetics of azomethine-based halogen-free flame-retardant polyphosphonates. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317752073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, azomethine polyphosphonates were synthesized by solution polycondensation of phenylphosphonic dichloride with various azomethine diols such as [4-(4-hydroxy phenyl) iminomethyl] phenol, [(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) iminomethyl)] phenol and [4-(4-hydroxy-3-ethoxy phenyl) iminomethyl] phenol using triethylamine catalyst at ambient temperature. The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and 1H-, 13C- and 31P- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Thermal properties of the polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry under nitrogen atmosphere. The TGA data showed that the synthesized polyphosphonates produce high char yield at 600°C due to the presence of phosphorous atom in the polymer chain and hence have good flame-retardant properties. One of the synthesized polyphosphonate was blended with commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) resin in various weight percentage and cured with commercial curing agent triethylene tetramine (TETA). The polyphosphonates-blended epoxy thermosets have tensile strength in the range of 5–41 MPa and the percentage of elongation at breaks was 4–18. It was found that the incorporation of polyphosphonates into epoxy thermoset decreased the tensile strength from 41 MPa to 5 MPa, whereas the elongation at break value increased with increase in the weight percentage of polyphosphonate. The influence of polyphosphonates on the flame retardancy of blended thermosets was examined by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning (UL-94) tests and found that the polymer samples achieved an increased UL-94 rating and the LOI values were in the range of 24–26. Broido and Horowitz–Metzger methods have been used to study the thermal degradation kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vini
- Chemistry Division, Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Thenmozhi
- Chemistry Division, Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - SC Murugavel
- Chemistry Division, Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Anand S, Muthusamy A. Optical, thermal and electrical properties of polybenzimidazoles derived from substituted benzimidazoles. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Anand S, Muthusamy A, Dineshkumar S, Chandrasekaran J. Oxidative polycondensation of benzimidazole using NaOCl: Synthesis, characterization, optical, thermal and electrical properties of polybenzimidazoles. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemical and Surface Morphologies of Polyazomethines Containing Silane and Phosphazene Units. J Fluoresc 2017; 27:1667-1677. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-017-2104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Topal Y, Tapan S, Gokturk E, Sahmetlioglu E. Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of ortho-imino-phenol: Synthesis, characterization, thermal stability and electrochemical properties. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Reaction conditions, photophysical, electrochemical, conductivity, and thermal properties of polyazomethines. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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