1
|
Mushtaq A, Azam U, Mehreen S, Naseer MM. Synthetic α-glucosidase inhibitors as promising anti-diabetic agents: Recent developments and future challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115119. [PMID: 36680985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest challenges for the scientific community in the 21st century. It is a well-recognized multifactorial health problem contributes significantly to high mortality rates by causing serious health complications mainly related to cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage and neuropathy. The inhibition of α-glucosidase (enzyme that catalyses starch hydrolysis in the intestine) is an effective therapeutic approach for controlling hyperglycemia associated with type-2 diabetes. However, the presently approved drugs/inhibitors such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose have several undesirable gastrointestinal side effects impeding their applications. Therefore, search for novel and more effective inhibitors with reduced side effects and less cost remains a fascinating area of research. In this context, a large variety of α-glucosidase inhibitors have been identified in recent years that demands attention from drug development community. This review is therefore an effort to summarize and highlight the promising α-glucosidase inhibitors especially those which are primarily based on aromatic heterocyclic scaffolds such as coumarin, imidazole, isatin, pyrimidine, quinazoline, triazine, thiazole etc, having improved safety and pharmacological profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alia Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saba Mehreen
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu Y, Liu C, Hu L. Fragment-Based Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry for Identification of Selective α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1791-1796. [PMID: 36385930 PMCID: PMC9661702 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to combine advantages of fragment-based drug design (FBDD) and dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) for the development of selective α-glucosidase inhibitors were described. Starting from 5 rationally designed fragments, two iterative dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) comprising 29 acylhydrazone products were generated and screened using α-glucosidase and α-amylase as the templates. The optimal ligand identified showed substantial α-glucosidase inhibition with high selectivity over α-amylase as well as low cytotoxicity. Furthermore, inhibition type and detailed ligand/enzyme binding interactions were elucidated by the binding kinetic study and docking simulation, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu
University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Changming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu
University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu
University, 301 Xuefu Road, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Purgatorio R, Gambacorta N, Samarelli F, Lopopolo G, de Candia M, Catto M, Nicolotti O, Altomare CD. Assessing the Role of a Malonamide Linker in the Design of Potent Dual Inhibitors of Factor Xa and Cholinesterases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134269. [PMID: 35807514 PMCID: PMC9268553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational discovery of new peptidomimetic inhibitors of the coagulation factor Xa (fXa) could help set more effective therapeutic options (to prevent atrial fibrillation). In this respect, we explored the conformational impact on the enzyme inhibition potency of the malonamide bridge, compared to the glycinamide one, as a linker connecting the P1 benzamidine anchoring moiety to the P4 aryl group of novel selective fXa inhibitors. We carried out structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies aimed at investigating para- or meta-benzamidine as the P1 basic group as well as diversely decorated aryl moieties as P4 fragments. To this end, twenty-three malonamide derivatives were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of fXa and thrombin (thr); the molecular determinants behind potency and selectivity were also studied by employing molecular docking. The malonamide linker, compared to the glycinamide one, does significantly increase anti-fXa potency and selectivity. The meta-benzamidine (P1) derivatives bearing 2′,4′-difluoro-biphenyl as the P4 moiety proved to be highly potent reversible fXa-selective inhibitors, achieving inhibition constants (Ki) in the low nanomolar range. The most active compounds were also tested against cholinesterase (ChE) isoforms (acetyl- or butyrylcholinesterase, AChE, and BChE), and some of them returned single-digit micromolar inhibition potency against AChE and/or BChE, both being drug targets for symptomatic treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Compounds 19h and 22b were selected as selective fXa inhibitors with potential as multimodal neuroprotective agents.
Collapse
|
4
|
Molaei Yielzoleh F, Nikoofar K. Metal-bio functionalized bismuthmagnetite [Fe 3-x Bi x O 4/SiO 2@l-ArgEt 3 +I -/Zn(ii)]: a novel bionanocomposite for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2,4-dioxobenzo[ b][1,4]diazepine malononitriles and malonamides at room temperature and under sonication. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10219-10236. [PMID: 35425005 PMCID: PMC8972908 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a new magnetized composite of bismuth (Fe3−xBixO4) was prepared and functionalized stepwise with silica, triethylargininium iodide ionic liquid, and Zn(ii) to prepare a multi-layered core–shell bio-nanostructure, [Fe3−xBixO4/SiO2@l-ArgEt3+I−/Zn(ii)]. The modified bismuth magnetic amino acid-containing nanocomposite was characterized using several techniques including Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric (TGA/DSC) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The magnetized bionanocomposite exhibited high catalytic activity for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2,4-dioxobenzo[b][1,4]diazepine malononitriles via five-component reactions between 1,2-phenylenediamines, Meldrum's acid, malononitrile, aldehydes, and isocyanides at room temperature in ethanol. The efficacy of this protocol was also examined to obtain malonamide derivatives via pseudo six-component reactions of 1,4-phenylenediamine, Meldrum's acid, malononitrile, aldehydes, and isocyanides. When the above-mentioned MCRs were repeated under the same conditions with the application of sonication, a notable decrease in the reaction time was observed. The recovery and reusability of the metal-bio functionalized bismuthmagnetite were examined successfully in 3 runs. Furthermore, the characteristics of the recovered Fe3−xBixO4/SiO2@l-ArgEt3+I−/Zn(ii) were investigated though FESEM and EDAX analysis. In this work, a new magnetized composite of bismuth (Fe3−xBixO4) was prepared and functionalized stepwise with silica, triethylargininium iodide ionic liquid, and Zn(ii) to prepare a multi-layered core–shell bio-nanostructure, [Fe3−xBixO4/SiO2@l-ArgEt3+I−/Zn(ii)].![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kobra Nikoofar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alacid Y, Martínez-Tomé MJ, Mateo CR. Reusable Fluorescent Nanobiosensor Integrated in a Multiwell Plate for Screening and Quantification of Antidiabetic Drugs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25624-25634. [PMID: 34043318 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A highly stable and reusable fluorescent multisample nanobiosensor for the detection of α-glucosidase inhibitors has been developed by coupling fluorescent liposomal nanoparticles based on conjugated polymers (L-CPNs) to the enzyme α-glucosidase, one of the main target enzymes in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of sensing is based on the fluorescence "turn-on" of L-CPNs by p-nitrophenol (PNP), the end product of the enzymatic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside. L-CPNs, composed of lipid vesicles coated with a blue-emitting cationic polyfluorene, were designed and characterized to obtain a good response to PNP. Two nanobiosensor configurations were developed in this study. In the first step, a single-sample nanobiosensor composed of L-CPNs and α-glucosidase entrapped in a sol-gel glass was developed in order to characterize and optimize the device. In the second part, the nanobiosensor was integrated and adapted to a multiwell microplate and the possibility of reusing it and performing multiple measurements simultaneously with samples containing different α-glucosidase inhibitors was investigated. Using super-resolution confocal microscopy, L-CPNs could be visualized within the sol-gel matrix, and the quenching of their fluorescence, induced by the substrate, was directly observed in situ. The device was also shown to be useful not only as a platform for screening of antidiabetic drugs but also for quantifying their presence. The latter application was successfully tested with the currently available drug, acarbose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Alacid
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Martínez-Tomé
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - C Reyes Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu J, Hu B, Sun X, Wang H, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Liu M, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wang J, Yu Z. In silico study reveals existing drugs as α-glucosidase inhibitors: Structure-based virtual screening validated by experimental investigation. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
7
|
Mallick S, Murugesan M. Hydrogen bond dynamics in aqueous Malonamide system: An experimental and theoretical approach. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
8
|
Badria FA, Atef S, Al‐Majid AM, Ali M, Elshaier YAMM, Ghabbour HA, Islam MS, Barakat A. Synthesis and Inhibitory Effect of Some Indole-Pyrimidine Based Hybrid Heterocycles on α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase as Potential Hypoglycemic Agents. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1288-1297. [PMID: 31649838 PMCID: PMC6804419 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Michael addition reaction of barbituric acid with chalcones incorporating the indole scaffold was achieved by using a highly efficient bimetallic Iron-palladium catalyst in the presence of acetylacetone (acac). This catalytic approach produced the desired products in a simple operation and low catalyst loading with acceptable yield of the new hybrids. All tested compounds were subjected for biological activity on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. The results revealed that all synthesized compounds exhibited very good activity against both enzymes when compared to positive control (acarbose). Moreover, compound 5o showed the best activity whereas its IC50 (μM) are 13.02+0.01 and 21.71+0.82 for α-glucosidase and α-amylase respectively. Both compounds 5o and 5l exhibited high similarity in binding mode and pose with amylase protein (4UAC). The obtained data may be used for developing potential hypoglycemic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid A. Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of pharmacyMansura UniversityMansura35516Egypt
| | - Saleh Atef
- Department of Chemistry, College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP. O. Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
| | | | - M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP. O. Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Sadat CityMenoufiyaEgypt
| | - Hazem A. Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of MansouraMansoura35516Egypt
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP. O. Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP. O. Box 2455Riyadh11451Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityP.O. Box 426Ibrahimia, Alexandria21321Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dhameja M, Gupta P. Synthetic heterocyclic candidates as promising α-glucosidase inhibitors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:343-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
10
|
Al-Majid AM, Islam MS, Atef S, El-Senduny FF, Badria FA, Elshaier YAMM, Ali M, Barakat A, Motiur Rahman AFM. Synthesis of Pyridine-Dicarboxamide-Cyclohexanone Derivatives: Anticancer and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities and In Silico Study. Molecules 2019; 24:E1332. [PMID: 30987350 PMCID: PMC6480224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of 2,6-diaryl-4-oxo-N,N'-di(pyridin-2-yl)cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxamide is described in this present study, which occurs through a double Michael addition reaction between diamide and various dibenzalacetones. The reaction was carried out in dichloromethane (DCM) in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The anticancer activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in several cancer cell lines, including MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SAS, PC-3, HCT-116, HuH-7 and HepG2 cells. From these experiments, we determined that MDA-MB-231 was the most sensitive cancer cell line to the compounds 3c, 3e, 3d, 3j and 3l, which exhibited variable anticancer activities (3l [IC50 = 5 ± 0.25 µM] > 3e [IC50 = 5 ± 0.5 µM] > 3c [IC50 = 7 ± 1.12 µM] > 3d [IC50 = 18 ± 0.87 µM] > 3j [IC50 = 45 ± 3 µM]). Of these, 3l (substituted p-trifluoromethylphenyl and chloropyridine) showed good potency (IC50 = 6 ± 0.78 µM) against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells and exhibited high toxicity against HuH-7 liver cancer cells (IC50 = 4.5 ± 0.3 µM). These values were three times higher than the values reported for cisplatin (IC50 of 8 ± 0.76 and 14.7 ± 0.5 µM against HCT-116 and HuH-7 cells, respectively). The highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was detected for the 3d, 3i and 3j compounds. The details of the binding mode of the active compounds were clarified by molecular docking studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Mohammed Al-Majid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saleh Atef
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fardous F El-Senduny
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansura University, Mansura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Farid A Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menofia 32958, Egypt.
| | - M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - A F M Motiur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhong YY, Chen HS, Wu PP, Zhang BJ, Yang Y, Zhu QY, Zhang CG, Zhao SQ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel oleanolic acid analogues as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:706-716. [PMID: 30677669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Considerable interest has been attracted in oleanolic acid and its analogues because of their hypoglycemic activity. In this study, a series of novel oleanolic acid analogues against α-glucosidase were synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition activity results indicated that most of the designed analogues exhibited prominent inhibition activities, especially compounds 10, 15, 16 and 26 which with the IC50 values of 0.33 ± 0.01, 0.98 ± 0.06, 0.69 ± 0.01 and 0.72 ± 0.21 μM, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies on the most potent compounds reveled that derivatives 10, 15, 16 and 26 were noncompetitive inhibitors. Moreover, the docking studies were carried out to prove that the four compounds could interact with the hydrophobic region of the active pocket and form hydrogen bonds to enhance the binding affinity of them with the α-glucosidase. Cytotoxicity evaluation assay demonstrated a high level of safety profile of the active compounds (10, 15, 16 and 26) against normal 3T3 cell line. Furthermore, the in vivo actual pharmacological potential studies on derivatives 10, 15, 16 and 26 showed that the hypoglycemic effects of them were comparable to that of positive control, acarbose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Pan-Pan Wu
- Faculty of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China.
| | - Bing-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Chun-Guo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Su-Qing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Soliman SM, Barakat A, Islam MS, Ghabbour HA. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and DFT Studies of a New Dinuclear Ag(I)-Malonamide Complex. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23040888. [PMID: 29641507 PMCID: PMC6017368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural aspects of a new dinuclear silver (I) complex with malonamide type ligand (L) is reported. Each Ag ion in the [Ag2L2(NO3)2]·H2O complex is coordinated to two ligands, L, each acting as a bridged ligand via its two pyridine arms; Ag(I) acts as a connector between them. Two types of Ag-ligands close contacts were detected: Ag–N1, Ag–N4 from the two L units, and Ag–O5, Ag—O6 from the two nitrate anions, wherein both the nitrate ions are inside the cage formed by the [Ag2L2] unit. The coordination geometry around each Ag(I) is a distorted tetrahedron. The [Ag2L2(NO3)2] complex units are connected by weak intermolecular C—H…O interactions. The different intermolecular interactions were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Using two DFT methods (B3LYP and WB97XD), the nature and strength of the Ag–N and Ag–O interactions were described using atoms in molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. Topological parameters indicated that the strength of the two Ag–N bonds was similar, while that of the two Ag–O interactions were significantly different. Moreover, the Ag–N interactions have a predominant covalent character, while the Ag–O interactions are mainly ionic. The NBO analysis indicated that the most important anti-bonding Ag-orbital in these interactions has an s-orbital character.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saied M Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Science and Art, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 344, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia 21321, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia 21321, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Synthesis, structure combined with conformational analysis, biological activities and docking studies of bis benzylidene cyclohexanone derivatives. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|