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Eid EM. Sustainable Green Synthesis of Pyrimidine Derivatives: Review on Multicomponent Synthesis, Catalysts and Techniques. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:127-139. [PMID: 36998127 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230330081211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
"The founder of green chemistry explains how chemicals manufacturing must change to support a sustainable future." In this review, Green chemistry is considered in the synthesis of heterocycles compounds containing Pyrimidine nuclei using different catalyzes, solvents, and techniques for the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives that achieve sustainability. The mentioned fused heterocycles are classified according to the type of ring system. The yield of the target molecules reported in the review is given in the reaction's last step.
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Olyaei A, Sadeghpour M. Chemistry of 3-cyanoacetyl indoles: synthesis, reactions and applications: a recent update. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21710-21745. [PMID: 37476036 PMCID: PMC10354596 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole is a significant nitrogen-based heterocycle with particular importance in the synthesis of heterocyclic scaffolds. Indole based compounds have been recently attracting much attention due to their biological and pharmaceutical activities. 3-Substituted indoles such as cyanoacetyl indoles (CAIs) are nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds which are easily obtained from the reaction of indoles and cyanoacetic acid. They are versatile starting materials utilized for the construction of a wide variety of molecules containing indole moieties in organic synthesis. In this study, we provide an overview on the synthesis of 3-cyanoacetyl indoles (CAIs) and their recent applications in the multi-component reactions for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds such as pyranes, pyridines, dihydropyridines, pyrimidines, tetrahydropyrimidines, pyrazoles, pyrazolopyridines, pyrazolopyrimidines, pyridopyrimidines, tetrazolopyrimidines, triazolopyrimidines, furans, dihydrofurans, coumarins, pyrimido naphthyridines, chromenes, thiazoles, pyrimidoindazoles, pyrazoloquinolines, isoxazolopyridines, and carbazoles and their biological activities during the period of 2013 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Olyaei
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU) PO BOX 19395-4697 Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadeghpour
- Department of Chemistry, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University Qazvin Iran +0098-28-33365275
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Khan A, Alam MT, Iqbal A, Siddiqui T, Ali A. Microwave-assisted one-pot multicomponent synthesis of steroidal pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their possible implications in drug development. Steroids 2023; 190:109154. [PMID: 36521632 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding can lead to fibrillar and non-fibrillar deposits which are the signs of countless human diseases. A promising strategy for the prevention of such diseases is the inhibition of protein aggregation, and the most crucial step toward effective prevention is the development of small molecules having the potential for protein-aggregation inhibition. In this search, a series of novel steroidal pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been synthesized employing steroidal ketone, substituted aldehydes, and 2,6-diaminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one through the microwave-assisted one-pot multicomponent methodology. The aggregation inhibition potential of newly synthesized compounds was evaluated on human lysozyme (HLZ). All the synthesized compounds were found to be efficient in the inhibition of protein aggregation in carefully designed in vitro experiments. Moreover, molecular docking studies also determine the binding interactions between all the synthesized compounds and native HLZ through hydrogen bonding. The structures of synthesized compounds were also elucidated using various spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asna Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Md Tauqir Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Arfeen Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Tabassum Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Abad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India.
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Wang J, Zhu S, Liu Y, Zhu X, Shi K, Li X, Zhu S. Microwave-assisted multicomponent reaction: An efficient synthesis of indolyl substituted and spiroxindole pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.2001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical university, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanni Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical university, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical university, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Songlei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ortiz PD, Castillo-Rodriguez J, Tapia J, Zarate X, Vallejos GA, Roa V, Molins E, Bustos C, Schott E. A novel series of pyrazole derivatives toward biological applications: experimental and conceptual DFT characterization. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2443-2457. [PMID: 34724138 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 13 pyrazole-derivative compounds with potential antifungal activity were synthetized with good yields. The series have the (E)-2-((1-(R)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)diazenyl)phenol general structure and were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and two-dimensional NMR experiments. This experimental characterization was complemented by DFT simulations. A deep insight regarding molecular reactivity was accomplished employing a conceptual DFT approach. In this sense, dual descriptors were calculated at HF and DFT level of theory and GGV spin-density Fukui functions. The main reactive region within the molecules was mapped through isosurface and condensed representations. Finally, chemical descriptors that have previously shown to be close related to biological activity were compared within the series. Thus, higher values of chemical potential ω and electrophilicity χ obtained for compounds 10, 9, 8, 6 and 7, in this order, suggest that these molecules are the better candidates as biological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro D Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Castillo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Centro de Energía UC, Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Tapia
- Departamento de Ciencias Quı́micas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Facultad de Salud, General Gana, 1702, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Zarate
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gabriel A Vallejos
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Vanesa Roa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Centro de Energía UC, Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elies Molins
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carlos Bustos
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Las Encinas 220, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Eduardo Schott
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Centro de Energía UC, Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna, 4860, Santiago, Chile.
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Kamel MM, Abdel-Hameid MK, El-Nassan HB, El-Khouly EA. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Mono- and Bis-Indole Derivatives: Analogues of Marine Alkaloid Nortopsentin. Med Chem 2021; 17:779-789. [PMID: 32386499 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200509235305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oceans cover more than 70% of the earth's surface, which represents over 95% of the biosphere. Therefore, oceans provide a wealth of marine invertebrates, especially sponges, ascidians, bryozoans and molluscs that produce structurally unique bioactive metabolites such as alkaloids. The bioactive scaffolds of marine alkaloids exhibit cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines. OBJECTIVE To prepare analogues of the marine alkaloid nortopsentin [having 2,4-bis(3'- indolyl)imidazole scaffold] as cytotoxic agents via structural modification of the core imidazole ring and one of the side indole rings. METHODS Four series of nortopsentin analogues were synthesized in which the imidazole ring was replaced by pyrazole, pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinone and pyridine rings. Furthermore, one of the side indole rings was replaced by substituted phenyl moiety. The target compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 cell-line and the most potent compound was subjected to further investigation on its effect on HCT-116 cell cycle progression. RESULTS The cytotoxic screening of the synthesized compounds revealed that bis-indolylpyridinedicarbonitriles 8a-d exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity with IC50=2.6-8.8 μM. Compound 8c was further tested by flow cytometry analysis to explore its effect on HCT-116 cell cycle progression that, in turn, indicated its anti-proliferative effect. CONCLUSION Marine-derived bis-indole alkaloids (nortopsentins) have emerged as a new class of indole-based antitumor agents. The design of new analogues involved several modifications in order to obtain more selective and potent cytotoxic agents. Indole derivatives bearing a pyridine core displayed more potent cytotoxic activity than those containing pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Monir Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | | | - Hala Bakr El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Eman Adel El-Khouly
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Yadav P, Shah K. An overview on synthetic and pharmaceutical prospective of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines scaffold. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:633-648. [PMID: 32946161 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, a fused hetero-bicyclic nucleus containing pyridine and pyrimidine rings has attained the momentary attention in the sphere of multicomponent synthetic protocol and medicinal chemist. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derived drugs have manifested diverse pharmacological activities, particularly, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, phosphodiesterase inhibitors and cytokine inhibitors etc. The present review illustrates various modern synthetic strategies adopted, the structure-activity relationship (SAR) aspects and discloses the extensive crucial biological properties (anticancer, anti-infectious, anti-diabetics and CNS agents) of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Yadav
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India
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Loubidi M, Jouha J, Hdoufane I, El Hafi M, Tber Z, Cherqaoui D, Mague JT. Synthesis of diverse isoxazolylamino-2-(aryl)acetamides using one-pot Multicomponent Reactions: X-ray, Hirshfeld analysis and DFT modeling. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Facile CAN catalyzed one pot synthesis of novel indol-5,8-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine derivatives and their pharmacological study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdc.2019.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hussein BRM, Moustafa AH. A regioselective and convenient one-pot multicomponent synthesis of polyfunctionalized 4-aryl-2-cyanoimino-3,4-dihydro-1 H-pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1626892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahgat R. M. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Amr H. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
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Indole-substituted 2,4-diamino-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines from one-pot process and evaluation of their ability to bind dopamine receptors. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Thirumurugan K, Lakshmanan S, Govindaraj D, Daniel Prabu DS, Ramalakshmi N, Arul Antony S. Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of pyrimidine scaffold benzamide derivatives as epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Gao X, Cen L, Li F, Wen R, Yan H, Yao H, Zhu S. Oral administration of indole substituted dipyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative exhibits anti-tumor activity via inhibiting AKT and ERK1/2 on hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:761-767. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hexamethylenetetramine grafted layered double hydroxides as a novel and green heterogeneous ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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