1
|
Noakes F, Smitten KL, Maple LEC, Bernardino de la Serna J, Robertson CC, Pritchard D, Fairbanks SD, Weinstein JA, Smythe CGW, Thomas JA. Phenazine Cations as Anticancer Theranostics †. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12836-12849. [PMID: 38683943 PMCID: PMC11082890 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The biological properties of two water-soluble organic cations based on polypyridyl structures commonly used as ligands for photoactive transition metal complexes designed to interact with biomolecules are investigated. A cytotoxicity screen employing a small panel of cell lines reveals that both cations show cytotoxicity toward cancer cells but show reduced cytotoxicity to noncancerous HEK293 cells with the more extended system being notably more active. Although it is not a singlet oxygen sensitizer, the more active cation also displayed enhanced potency on irradiation with visible light, making it active at nanomolar concentrations. Using the intrinsic luminescence of the cations, their cellular uptake was investigated in more detail, revealing that the active compound is more readily internalized than its less lipophilic analogue. Colocalization studies with established cell probes reveal that the active cation predominantly localizes within lysosomes and that irradiation leads to the disruption of mitochondrial structure and function. Stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging reveal that treatment results in distinct lysosomal swelling and extensive cellular vacuolization. Further imaging-based studies confirm that treatment with the active cation induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization, which triggers lysosome-dependent cell-death due to both necrosis and caspase-dependent apoptosis. A preliminary toxicity screen in the Galleria melonella animal model was carried out on both cations and revealed no detectable toxicity up to concentrations of 80 mg/kg. Taken together, these studies indicate that this class of synthetically easy-to-access photoactive compounds offers potential as novel therapeutic leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicity
F. Noakes
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
- Department
of Biomedical Science, The University of
Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Kirsty L. Smitten
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Laura E. C. Maple
- Department
of Biomedical Science, The University of
Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- National
Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Central
Laser
Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell-Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Craig C. Robertson
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Dylan Pritchard
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Simon D. Fairbanks
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Julia A. Weinstein
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Carl G. W. Smythe
- Department
of Biomedical Science, The University of
Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K.
| | - Jim A. Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lanthanide (III) complexes (Ln = Er and Yb) based on polypyridyl ligand: Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA-binding activity and interaction with human serum protein in vitro. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
A new palladium-based antiproliferative agent: synthesis, characterization, computational calculations, cytotoxicity, and DNA binding properties. Biometals 2021; 34:1173-1189. [PMID: 34363565 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new palladium(II) complex entitled [Pd(phendione)(8Q)]NO3, (PdPQ), where phendione is N,N-donor heterocyclic 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dion and 8Q is 8-hydroxyquinolinate, has been synthesized and then characterized by molar conductivity, CHN analysis and spectral data (UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR). DFT/ TDDFT procedures were also performed to determine the electronic structure and the nature of the electronic transitions of PdPQ. Moreover, the affinity and binding properties of DNA to the desired complex have been studied in details using electronic absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopies, and viscosity measurement in combination with molecular docking technique. The obtained results exhibit relatively high DNA binding values with a static quenching mechanism, which suggest that an intercalative mode plays a peridominate role in interaction process concluded by experimental/theoretical measurements. As a result of drug exposure, in vitro cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the antiproliferative activity of the PdPQ against leukemia cancer cell line, K562.
Collapse
|
4
|
Arif R, Amaduddin, Ahmed S, Ahmed S, Abid M, Rahisuddin. Synthesis, In Vitro
Biological Evaluation and In Silico
Studies of Some New Heterocyclic Schiff Bases. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Arif
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar; New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Amaduddin
- Department of Biosciences; Jamia Millia Islamia; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Jamia Nagar; New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences; Jamia Millia Islamia; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Jamia Nagar; New Delhi 110025 India
| | | | - Mohammad Abid
- Department of Biosciences; Jamia Millia Islamia; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Jamia Nagar; New Delhi 110025 India
| | - Rahisuddin
- Department of Chemistry; Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar; New Delhi 110025 India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aminzadeh M, Eslami A, Kia R, Aleeshah R. Synthesis, crystal structure and DNA interaction of a new water-soluble derivative of pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10] phenanthroline; theoretical calculations, experimental and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
6
|
Synthesis, molecular docking and DNA binding studies of phthalimide-based copper(II) complex: In vitro antibacterial, hemolytic and antioxidant assessment. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|