Crystal structures, in-silico study and anti-microbial potential of synthetic monocarbonyl curcuminoids

Diarylpentanoids, the privileged scaffolds in antimalarial and anti-infectives drug discovery: A review

Asia is a hotspot for infectious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, tuberculosis, and the pandemic COVID-19. Emerging infectious diseases have taken a heavy toll on public health and the economy and have been recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in Southeast Asia. Infectious disease control is a major challenge, but many surveillance systems and control strategies have been developed and implemented. These include vector control, combination therapies, vaccine development, and the development of new anti-infectives. Numerous newly discovered agents with pharmacological anti-infective potential are being actively and extensively studied for their bioactivity, toxicity, selectivity, and mode of action, but many molecules lose their efficacy over time due to resistance developments. These facts justify the great importance of the search for new, effective, and safe anti-infectives. Diarylpentanoids, a curcumin derivative, have been developed as an alternative with better bioavailability and metabolism as a therapeutic agent. In this review, the mechanisms of action and potential targets of antimalarial drugs as well as the classes of antimalarial drugs are presented. The bioactivity of diarylpentanoids as a potential scaffold for a new class of anti-infectives and their structure-activity relationships are also discussed in detail.

Antibacterial potential of chalcones and its derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus

Chalcones are natural substances found in the metabolism of several botanical families. Their structure consists of 1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one and they are characterized by having in their chains an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system, two phenol rings and a three-carbon chain that unites them. In plants, Chalcones are mainly involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids and isoflavonoids through the phenylalanine derivation. This group of substances has been shown to be a viable alternative for the investigation of its antibacterial potential, considering the numerous biological activities reported and the increase of the microbial resistance that concern global health agencies. Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that has stood out for its ability to adapt and develop resistance to a wide variety of drugs. This literature review aimed to highlight recent advances in the use of Chalcones and derivatives as antibacterial agents against S. aureus, focusing on research articles available on the Science Direct, Pub Med and Scopus data platforms in the period 2015-2021. It was constructed informative tables that provided an overview of which types of Chalcones are being studied more (Natural or Synthetic); its chemical name and main Synthesis Methodology. From the analysis of the data, it was observed that the compounds based on Chalcones have great potential in medicinal chemistry as antibacterial agents and that the molecular skeletons of these compounds as well as their derivatives can be easily obtained through substitutions in the A and B rings of Chalcones, in order to obtain the desired bioactivity. It was verified that Chalcones and derivatives are promising agents for combating the multidrug resistance of S. aureus to drugs.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03398-7.

The crystal structure of (3Z,3′Z)-4,4′-((1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(pent-3-en-2-one), C18H24N2O2

C18H24N2O2, triclinic, P 1 ‾ $‾{1}$ (no. 2), a = 6.088(10)  Å, b = 8.911(14) Å, c = 16.44(3) Å, α = 81.772(17)°, β = 84.683(18)°, γ = 76.045(17)°, V = 855(2) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0511, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1858, T = 293 K.

The crystal structure of (Z)-3-((2-(2-(2-aminophenoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)amino)-1-phenylbut-2-en-1-one, C24H24N2O3

C24H24N2O3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.674(3) Å, b = 7.3900(14) Å, c = 20.862(4) Å, β = 106.728(7)°, V = 2018.9(7) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0633, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1804, T = 293 K.