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Fabijańska M, Rybarczyk-Pirek AJ, Dominikowska J, Stryjska K, Żyro D, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Szynkowska-Jóźwik MI, Ochocki J, Sikora J. Silver Complexes of Miconazole and Metronidazole: Potential Candidates for Melanoma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5081. [PMID: 38791121 PMCID: PMC11121064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, arguably the deadliest form of skin cancer, is responsible for the majority of skin-cancer-related fatalities. Innovative strategies concentrate on new therapies that avoid the undesirable effects of pharmacological or medical treatment. This article discusses the chemical structures of [(MTZ)2AgNO3], [(MTZ)2Ag]2SO4, [Ag(MCZ)2NO3], [Ag(MCZ)2BF4], [Ag(MCZ)2SbF6] and [Ag(MCZ)2ClO4] (MTZ-metronidazole; MCZ-miconazole) silver(I) compounds and the possible relationship between the molecules and their cytostatic activity against melanoma cells. Molecular Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational methods were used to examine the possible association between the structure and anticancer activity of the silver(I) complexes and compare the cytotoxicity of the silver(I) complexes of metronidazole and miconazole with that of silver(I) nitrate, cisplatin, metronidazole and miconazole complexes against A375 and BJ cells. Additionally, these preliminary biological studies found the greatest IC50 values against the A375 line were demonstrated by [Ag(MCZ)2NO3] and [(MTZ)2AgNO3]. The compound [(MTZ)2AgNO3] was three-fold more toxic to the A375 cells than the reference (cisplatin) and 15 times more cytotoxic against the A375 cells than the normal BJ cells. Complexes of metronidazole with Ag(I) are considered biocompatible at a concentration below 50 µmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Fabijańska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (D.Ż.)
| | - Agnieszka J. Rybarczyk-Pirek
- Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.J.R.-P.); (J.D.)
| | - Justyna Dominikowska
- Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.J.R.-P.); (J.D.)
| | - Karolina Stryjska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (D.Ż.)
| | - Dominik Żyro
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (D.Ż.)
| | | | - Małgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-543 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Justyn Ochocki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Medicinal Chemistry, Group of Bioinorganic Chemistry Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (K.S.); (D.Ż.)
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Surya S, Sindhusha S, Gunasekaran B. Synthesis, Structural, Optical, Thermal, Electrical, Nonlinear Optical and Theoretical Investigation on 3-Aminopyridine Picrate (3APP) Single Crystal. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2022]
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Sarma P, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Barcelo-Oliver M, Verma AK, Saikia S, Bhattacharyya MK. Terephthalato and succinato bridged Mn(II) and Zn(II) coordination polymers involving structure-guiding H-bonded tetrameric assemblies: Antiproliferative evaluation and theoretical studies. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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New bioactive 1D Ag(I) coordination polymers with pyrazole and triazine ligands; Synthesis, X-ray structure, Hirshfeld analysis and DFT studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Multifunctional Silver(I) Complexes with Metronidazole Drug Reveal Antimicrobial Properties and Antitumor Activity against Human Hepatoma and Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040900. [PMID: 35205647 PMCID: PMC8869984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our previous studies demonstrated that a silver(I) nitrate complex with metronidazole presented greater photo-stability, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and genotoxic properties than silver(I) nitrate. These advantages make the complex a better candidate for clinical therapy than pure salt. Therefore, in this study, we decided to synthetize and determine the chemical, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4, a novel metronidazole silver(I) complex, in comparison with pure salt Ag2SO4 and [Ag(MTZ)2NO3]. The photo-stability, cytotoxicity toward cancer cells and antimicrobial activity of [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4 is higher than Ag2SO4. What is more, we found that the novel synthetized complex shows better cytotoxicity against cancer cells than [Ag(MTZ)2NO3]. Both complexes have similar biological activity against the majority of tested bacterial strains. Abstract Silver salts and azole derivatives are well known for their antimicrobial properties. Recent evidence has demonstrated also their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential toward both normal and cancer cells. Still, little is known about the action of complexes of azoles with silver(I) salts. Thus, the goal of the study was to compare the chemical, cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of metronidazole complexes with silver(I) nitrate and silver(I) sulfate to metronidazole and pure silver(I) salts. We synthetized a novel complex, [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4, and confirmed its chemical structure and properties using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-Ray, IR and elemental analysis. To establish the stability of complexes [Ag(MTZ)2NO3] and [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4, they were exposed to daylight and UV-A rays and were visually assessed. Their cytotoxicity toward human cancer cells (HepG2, Caco-2) and mice normal fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T3 clone A31) was determined by MTT, NRU, TPC and LDH assays. The micro-dilution broth method was used to evaluate their antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A biofilm eradication study was also performed using the crystal violet method and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The photo-stability of the complexes was higher than silver(I) salts. In human cancer cells, [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4 was more cytotoxic than Ag2SO4 and, in turn, AgNO3 was more cytotoxic than [Ag(MTZ)2NO3]. For Balb/c 3T3 cells, Ag2SO4 was more cytotoxic than [Ag(MTZ)2]2SO4, while the cytotoxicity of AgNO3 and [Ag(MTZ)2NO3] was similar. Metronidazole in the tested concentration range was non-cytotoxic for both normal and cancer cells. The complexes showed increased bioactivity against aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria when compared to metronidazole. For the majority of the tested bacterial strains, the silver(I) salts and complexes showed a higher antibacterial activity than MTZ; however, some bacterial strains presented the reverse effect. Our results showed that silver(I) complexes present higher photo-stability, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity in comparison to MTZ and, to a certain extent, to silver(I) salts.
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Sharma P, Baishya T, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Barcelo-Oliver M, Verma AK, Das J, Bhattacharyya MK. Structural topologies involving energetically significant antiparallel π-stacking and unconventional N(nitrile)⋯π(fumarate) contacts in dinuclear Zn( ii) and polymeric Mn( ii) compounds: antiproliferative evaluation and theoretical studies. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04786h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer activities considering cell viability, apoptosis and molecular docking have been explored in dinuclear Zn(ii) and polymeric Mn(ii) compounds involving energetically significant unconventional N(nitrile)⋯π(fum) contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Cotton University, Guwahati-781001, Assam, India
| | | | - Rosa M. Gomila
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.7, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.7, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Miquel Barcelo-Oliver
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.7, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Akalesh K. Verma
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati-781001, India
| | - Jumi Das
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati-781001, India
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Alexandratos SD, Zhu X, Marianski MR. Binding of Divalent Transition Metal Ions to Immobilized Phosphinic Acid Ligands. Part I. Characterization by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2020.1831238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spiro D. Alexandratos
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mateusz R. Marianski
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
- The Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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Das A, Sharma P, Frontera A, Barcelo-Oliver M, Verma AK, Ahmed RS, Hussain S, Bhattacharyya MK. Supramolecular assemblies involving biologically relevant antiparallel π-stacking and unconventional solvent driven structural topology in maleato and fumarato bridged Zn(ii) coordination polymers: antiproliferative evaluation and theoretical studies. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00619c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In vitro anticancer activities have been explored in solvent driven maleato and fumarato bridged Zn(ii) coordination polymers involving energetically significant antiparallel π-stacking and enclathrated guest MeOH/H2O moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Cotton University
- Guwahati-781001
- India
| | - Pranay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Cotton University
- Guwahati-781001
- India
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Palma de Mallorca (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Miquel Barcelo-Oliver
- Departament de Química
- Universitat de les Illes Balears
- Palma de Mallorca (Baleares)
- Spain
| | - Akalesh K. Verma
- Department of Zoology
- Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory
- Cotton University
- Guwahati-781001
- India
| | - Ruksana Sultana Ahmed
- Department of Zoology
- Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory
- Cotton University
- Guwahati-781001
- India
| | - Sahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Bihta, Patna-801103
- India
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Syntheses, structural characterization, and thermal behaviour of metal complexes with 3-aminopyridine as co-ligands. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-020-00436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Six mixed metal complexes with 3-aminopyridine (3-ampy) as a co-ligand have been synthesized: catena-{[M(μ2-3-ampy)(H2O)4]SO4·H2O} (M=Ni (1) and Co (2)), [Co(3-ampy)4(NCS)2] (3), [Co(3-ampy)2(NCS)2] (4), [Co(3-ampy)4(N3)2] (5) and mer-[Co(3-ampy)3(N3)3] (6), (NCS−=isothiocyanate ion, N3− azide ion), and characterized by physio-chemical and spectroscopic methods as well as single crystal X-ray and powder diffraction. In the isostructural complexes 1 and 2 single μ2-3-ampy links the Ni(II) and Co(II) centers into polymeric chains. The mononuclear Co(II) and Co(III) pseudohalide complexes 3–6 reveal only terminal 3-ampy ligands. The 3-ampy ligands form supramolecular hydrogen bonded systems via their NH2-groups and non-covalent π-π ring-ring interactions via their pyridine moieties. Thermoanalytical properties were investigated for 1–3.
Graphic abstract
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10
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Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Light Stability, Single-Crystal Analysis, and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity on HepG2 Liver Cancer of Two Novel Silver(I) Complexes of Miconazole. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103629. [PMID: 32455548 PMCID: PMC7279231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel silver(I) complexes of the biologically active ligand miconazole in the form of Ag(MCZ)2X (MCZ = 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole]; X = NO3- (1), ClO4- (2)) were synthesized and fully characterized. The complexes were obtained by reactions of Ag(I) salts with miconazole (MCZ). Silver(I) complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS spectrometry, and X-ray-crystallography. This work also presents a cytotoxicity study of the silver(I) complexes of miconazole and appropriate silver(I) salts using Balb/c 3T3 and HepG2 cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed based on four biochemical endpoints: lysosomal activity (neutral red uptake (NRU) assay), mitochondrial activity (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay), total protein content (TPC assay), and cellular membrane integrity (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay). The cancer HepG2 cells were more sensitive to the complexes tested, and the most affected endpoint was cellular membrane damage compared to Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts. Moreover, study complexes inhibited the growth of cancer cells at submicromolecular concentrations (0.26-0.47 μM) lower than that required for the anticancer agent, cisplatin, in MTT, NRU, and TPC assays. Both complexes were characterized by higher toxicity to human cancer cells (HepG2) than silver(I) salts and the free ligand. Combination of Ag(I) salts with miconazole is associated with the marked improvement of cytotoxic activities that can be considered as the significant point in the construction of a new generation of antineoplastic agents.
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Synthesis, crystal structure, DFT and biological activity of E-pyrene-1-carbaldehyde oxime and E-2-naphthaldehyde oxime. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Soliman SM, Albering JH, El‐Faham A. Cu(II)‐promoted cyclization of hydrazonophthalazine to triazolophthalazine; Synthesis and structure diversity of six novel Cu(II)‐triazolophthalazine complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saied M. Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAlexandria University P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Science and ArtKing Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 344 Rabigh 21911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jörg H. Albering
- Graz University of Technology Mandellstr. 11/III A‐8010 Graz Austria
| | - Ayman El‐Faham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAlexandria University P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia Alexandria 21321 Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of ScienceKing Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Etaiw SEDH, El-bendary MM. Hydrogen bonded 3D-network of silver and 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid complex: Structure and applications. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Aldabaldetrecu M, Tamayo L, Alarcon R, Walter M, Salas-Huenuleo E, Kogan MJ, Guerrero J, Paez M, Azócar MI. Stability of Antibacterial Silver Carboxylate Complexes against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Their Cytotoxic Effects. Molecules 2018; 23:E1629. [PMID: 29973523 PMCID: PMC6100285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus epidermidis of five silver carboxylate complexes with anti-inflammatory ligands were studied in order to analyze and compare them in terms of stability (in solution and after exposure to UV light), and their antibacterial and morphological differences. Four effects of the Ag-complexes were evidenced by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM): DNA condensation, membrane disruption, shedding of cytoplasmic material and silver compound microcrystal penetration of bacteria. 5-Chlorosalicylic acid (5Cl) and sodium 4-aminosalicylate (4A) were the most effective ligands for synthesizing silver complexes with high levels of antibacterial activity. However, Ag-5Cl was the most stable against exposure UV light (365 nm). Cytotoxic effects were tested against two kinds of eukaryotic cells: murine fibroblast cells (T10 1/2) and human epithelial ovarian cancer cells (A2780). The main objective was to identify changes in their antibacterial properties associated with potential decomposition and the implications for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Aldabaldetrecu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Laura Tamayo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Polymers and Macromolecules Center, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, El Llano Subercaseaux 2801, San Miguel, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Romina Alarcon
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Mariana Walter
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Edison Salas-Huenuleo
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Maritza Paez
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Manuel I Azócar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo Ó Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
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Soliman SM, Barakat A, Islam MS, Ghabbour HA. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and DFT Studies of a New Dinuclear Ag(I)-Malonamide Complex. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23040888. [PMID: 29641507 PMCID: PMC6017368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural aspects of a new dinuclear silver (I) complex with malonamide type ligand (L) is reported. Each Ag ion in the [Ag2L2(NO3)2]·H2O complex is coordinated to two ligands, L, each acting as a bridged ligand via its two pyridine arms; Ag(I) acts as a connector between them. Two types of Ag-ligands close contacts were detected: Ag–N1, Ag–N4 from the two L units, and Ag–O5, Ag—O6 from the two nitrate anions, wherein both the nitrate ions are inside the cage formed by the [Ag2L2] unit. The coordination geometry around each Ag(I) is a distorted tetrahedron. The [Ag2L2(NO3)2] complex units are connected by weak intermolecular C—H…O interactions. The different intermolecular interactions were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Using two DFT methods (B3LYP and WB97XD), the nature and strength of the Ag–N and Ag–O interactions were described using atoms in molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. Topological parameters indicated that the strength of the two Ag–N bonds was similar, while that of the two Ag–O interactions were significantly different. Moreover, the Ag–N interactions have a predominant covalent character, while the Ag–O interactions are mainly ionic. The NBO analysis indicated that the most important anti-bonding Ag-orbital in these interactions has an s-orbital character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied M Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Science and Art, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 344, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia 21321, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P. O. Box 426, Ibrahimia 21321, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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