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Khan MS, Al-Twaijry N, Alotaibi FN, Alenad AM, Alokail MS, Arshad M, Al Kheraif AA, Elrobh M, Shaik GM. Unveiling the Detrimental Effect of Glipizide on Structure and Function of Catalase: Spectroscopic, Thermodynamics and Simulation Studies. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03792-9. [PMID: 38913089 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Free radicals, products of oxidative processes, induce cellular damage linked to diseases like Parkinson's and diabetes due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Catalase, crucial for scavenging ROS, emerges as a therapeutic agent against ailments including atherosclerosis and tumor progression. Its primary function involves breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. Research on catalase-drug interactions reveals structural changes under specific conditions, affecting its activity and cellular antioxidant balance, highlighting its pivotal role in defending against oxidative stress-related diseases. Hence, targeting catalase is considered an effective strategy for controlling ROS-induced cellular damage. This study investigates the interaction between bovine liver catalase and glipizide using spectroscopic and computational methods. It also explores glipizide's effect on catalase activity. More than 20% inhibition of catalase enzymatic activity was recorded in the presence of 50 µM glipizide. To investigate the inhibition of catalase activity by glipizide, we performed a series of binding studies. Glipizide was found to form a complex with catalase with moderate affinity and binding constant in the range of 3.822 to 5.063 × 104 M-1. The binding was spontaneous and entropically favourable. The α-helical content of catalase increased from 24.04 to 29.53% upon glipizide complexation. Glipizide binding does not alter the local environment surrounding the tyrosine residues while a notable decrease in polarity around the tryptophan residues of catalase was recorded. Glipizide interacted with numerous active site residues of catalase including His361, Tyr357, Ala332, Asn147, Arg71, and Thr360. Molecular simulations revealed that the catalase-glipizide complex remained relatively stable in an aqueous environment. The binding of glipizide had a negligible effect on the secondary structure of catalase, and hydrogen bonds persisted consistently throughout the trajectory. These results could aid in the development of glipizide as a potent catalase inhibitor, potentially reducing the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nojood Al-Twaijry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fai N Alotaibi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alenad
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed S Alokail
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Elrobh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gouse M Shaik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Verma P, Kaur L, Aswal P, Singh A, Pandey R, Ojha H, Pathak M. Binding interactions of Vildagliptin with pepsin: A multi-spectroscopic and in-silico approach and a comparative account with metformin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123368. [PMID: 37748335 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Vildagliptin (VDG) and Metformin (Met) belong to a class of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and biguanide, respectively and used for the management of diabetes mellitus type II (DMTII). Both the drugs are orally available which leads to various side effects due to its oral ingestion. Occurrence of these side effects might be due to some interactions with pepsin at a molecular level. Therefore, in order to investigate these interactions, multi-spectroscopic and in-silico techniques have been extensively studied to identify the binding characteristics of VDG with pepsin. Fluorescence data suggested that the quenching is due to dynamic and static mechanism and static was dominant one. However, fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopic measurement analysis suggested that VDG tends to associate with pepsin, via ground-state complex formation. Fluorescence study revealed the binding-constant value which was found to be 0.559 × 103 M-1 at 298.15 K that is non-covalent in nature. VDG-pepsin complex shows exothermic and spontaneous binding as confirmed by the calculated values of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG, are majorly caused by van der Waals forces and H-bonding interactions. CD spectra of pepsin in presence of VDG confirmed post binding conformational change. Enzyme-activity assay showed that activity of pepsin was decreased by upto 28 %. FRET analysis suggested that energy transfer efficiency is negligible for VDG-pepsin interaction. In-silico analysis reveals that H-bonding and electrostatic negative forces are the significant driving forces involved in the interaction of VDG and pepsin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Verma
- Division of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Sciences (RNAIS), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University (DPSRU), Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Lajpreet Kaur
- Division of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Sciences (RNAIS), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Priyanka Aswal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Uttarakhand Technical University, Sudhowala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
| | - Anju Singh
- Nucleic Acid Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rashmi Pandey
- Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Himanshu Ojha
- Division of Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Sciences (RNAIS), Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence R&D Organisation, Brig. S K Mazumdar Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Mallika Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Kelly CJ, Verdegaal AA, Anderson BW, Shaw WL, Bencivenga-Barry NA, Folta-Stogniew E, Goodman AL. Metformin inhibits digestive proteases and impairs protein digestion in mice. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105363. [PMID: 37863262 PMCID: PMC10663847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is among the most prescribed medications worldwide and the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. However, gastrointestinal side effects are common and can be dose limiting. The total daily metformin dose frequently reaches several grams, and poor absorption results in high intestinal drug concentrations. Here, we report that metformin inhibits the activity of enteropeptidase and other digestive enzymes at drug concentrations predicted to occur in the human duodenum. Treatment of mouse gastrointestinal tissue with metformin reduces enteropeptidase activity; further, metformin-treated mice exhibit reduced enteropeptidase activity, reduced trypsin activity, and impaired protein digestion within the intestinal lumen. These results indicate that metformin-induced protein maldigestion could contribute to the gastrointestinal side effects and other impacts of this widely used drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Kelly
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew A Verdegaal
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brent W Anderson
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William L Shaw
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Natasha A Bencivenga-Barry
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ewa Folta-Stogniew
- Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew L Goodman
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Construction of functional soybean peptide–cyclodextrin carboxylate nanoparticles and their interaction with porcine pancreatic α-amylase. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ye YT, Zhang H, Deng JL, Li MZ, Chen ZX. l-Arginine inhibits the activity of α-amylase: Rapid kinetics, interaction and functional implications. Food Chem 2022; 380:131836. [PMID: 35086017 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the rapid unfolding kinetics of pancreas α-amylase (PPA) induced by l-arginine and the interaction mechanism were investigated. The unfolding followed a first-level reaction kinetics equation, without intermediates. l-arginine interacted with PPA though diffusion-controlled process rather than complexion. The interaction between l-arginine and PPA resulted in a pronounced decrease in β-sheet and a significant increase in random coil, and thereby the enzyme activity decreased. However, the unfolding of PPA could be compensated and the second structure change could be recovered to some extent by the macromolecular crowded medium of Pluronics. Further insight into the mechanism disclosed that the broken H-bond network of water may contribute to PPA unfolding. This work provides a new perspective on the interaction of l-arginine with digestive enzyme. The unfolding mechanism of enzymes by may help to understand the effects of other structurally similar drugs, which is of concern in food-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Ye
- Molecular Food Science Laboratory, College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Molecular Food Science Laboratory, College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jun-Ling Deng
- Molecular Food Science Laboratory, College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mi-Zhuan Li
- Molecular Food Science Laboratory, College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhong-Xiu Chen
- Molecular Food Science Laboratory, College of Food & Biology Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Comparative study of the binding between chlorogenic acid and four proteins by isothermal titration calorimetry, spectroscopy and docking methods. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:523-538. [PMID: 35545727 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
As a polyphenolic compound, chlorogenic acid has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-obesity and other effects. Based on the interactions between chlorogenic acid and the proteins (human serum albumin (HSA), pepsin (Pep), trypsin (Try), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO)), results will provide clues for screening effective inhibitors. The interaction between chlorogenic acid and the four proteins (HSA, Pep, Try, FTO) was analyzed by the aid of fluorescence quenching, synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular docking. It can be concluded that there is no obvious interaction between chlorogenic acid and FTO. The binding affinity between chlorogenic acid and three proteins is HSA > Try > Pep. The binding process is spontaneous, and the quenching type is static quenching. Hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding is observed in the binding process. This study provides valuable information for understanding the interaction mechanism between chlorogenic acid and proteins, and provides clues for screening inhibitors.
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Moradi S, Ahmadi P, Karami C, Farhadian N, Balaei F, Ansari M, Shahlaei M. Evaluation of the effects of isoniazid and rifampin on the structure and activity of pepsin enzyme by multi spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 253:119523. [PMID: 33621938 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pepsin is an aspartic protease that is involved in the digestion of food in the stomach of mammals. Continuous and long-term use of therapeutic agents will cause chronic contact of the drug with pepsin, and as a result, the structure and function of enzyme may change. In this regard the interactions of isoniazid and rifampin as the first line treatments of tuberculosis with pepsin were investigated by various methods such as fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Based on the results obtained in this study, the mentioned drugs can form stable complexes with pepsin and the structure of protein changes slightly. According to the results, the major forces in the formation of the protein-drug complex are electrostatic and hydrophobic forces for isoniazid and rifampin respectively and isoniazid shows to form a stronger binding with protein. The FTIR spectrum of the protein shows that little change was occurred in the structure of pepsin in the presence of the drugs. Molecular modeling results of the binding of isoniazid and rifampin to the pepsin confirm laboratory results and show that the binding site of drugs is close to the active site of the enzyme. Also, the activity of pepsin in the presence of both drugs has significantly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Pourya Ahmadi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Changiz Karami
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Farhadian
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Balaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohabbat Ansari
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Zhu S, Bai X, Zhu J, Li W, Wang B. Multi-spectral techniques and molecular docking to investigation of the interaction between ferulic acid and pepsin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 251:119442. [PMID: 33461141 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the interaction between ferulic acid (FA) and pepsin was explored by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and molecular docking. The results of fluorescence revealed that FA had a strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of pepsin through a static quenching procedure. The binding constant and the number of binding sites were determined. Thermodynamic dates and docking information suggest that FA combine with pepsin is mainly driven via electrostatic force. It also requires synergistic drive of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding. The consequences from UV-Vis, synchronous, CD and FT-IR spectra measurements manifested that the secondary structure of pepsin was changed and the microenvironments of certain amino acid residues was modulated by the binding of FA. FA induced conformational changes in pepsin. The β-sheet, α-Helix, and Random fractions of pepsin increased and the β-turn decreased with the treatment of FA. In addition, analysis of pepsin activity assay measurements confirmed that FA reduced enzymatic activity of pepsin within the investigated concentrations. This work studied the inhibitory effects and revealed mechanisms of the interaction between FA and pepsin in vitro, and suggested that FA could be a potential component to affect the structure and properties of digestive enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
| | - Xuexue Bai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Wen Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
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Moradi S, Gholami H, Karami C, Farhadian N, Balaei F, Ansari M, Shahlaei M. A study on the protease activity and structure of pepsin in the presence of atenolol and diltiazem. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2855-2868. [PMID: 33096169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pepsin, as the main protease of the stomach, plays an important role in the digestion of food proteins into smaller peptides and performs about 20% of the digestive function. The role of pepsin in the development of gastrointestinal ulcers has also been studied for many years. Edible drugs that enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract will interact with this enzyme as one of the first targets. Continuous and long-term usage of some drugs will cause chronic contact of the drug with this protein, and as a result, the structure and function of pepsin may be affected. Therefore, the possible effect of atenolol and diltiazem on the structure and activity of pepsin was studied. The interaction of drugs with pepsin was evaluated using various experimental methods including UV-Visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR and enzymatic activity along with computational approaches. It was showed that after binding of atenolol and diltiazem to pepsin, the inherent fluorescence of the protein is quenched. Determination of the thermodynamic parameters of interactions between atenolol and diltiazem with pepsin indicates that the major forces in the formation of the protein-drug complexes are hydrophobic forces and also atenolol has a stronger protein bonding than diltiazem. Additional tests also show that the protease activity of pepsin, decreases and increases in the presence of atenolol and diltiazem, respectively. Investigation of the FTIR spectrum of the protein in the presence and absence of atenolol and diltiazem show that in the presence of atenolol the structure of protein has slightly changed. Molecular modeling studies, in agreement with the experimental results, confirm the binding of atenolol and diltiazem to the enzyme pepsin and show that the drugs are bind close to the active site of the enzyme. Finally, from experimental and computational results, it can be concluded that atenolol and diltiazem interact with the pepsin and change its structure and protease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hadi Gholami
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Changiz Karami
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Farhadian
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Balaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohabbat Ansari
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Borah B, Devi TG. Molecular property analysis of the interacting state of L-Threonine and Metformin: An experimental and computational approach. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Cholesterol-lowering drugs the simvastatin and atorvastatin change the protease activity of pepsin: An experimental and computational study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1414-1423. [PMID: 33202264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of long-term use drugs of cholesterol-lowering atorvastatin and simvastatin on the activity and molecular structure of pepsin as important gastric enzyme was investigated by various experimental and computational methods. Based on the results obtained from fluorescence experiments, both drugs can bond to pepsin and quench the fluorescence intensity of protein through the static quenching mechanism. Also analysis of the thermodynamic parameters of binding the drugs to pepsin showed that the main forces in the complex formation for both are hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. The effects of the drugs on the enzymatic activity of pepsin were then investigated and results showed that in the presence of both drugs the catalytic activity of the enzyme was significantly increased in lower (0.3-0.6 mM) concentrations however about the atorvastatin, increasing the concentration (0.9 mM) decreased the protease activity of pepsin. Also as a result of the FTIR studies, it was found that binding of the drugs to protein did not significant alteration in the structure of the protein. In order to obtain the atomic details of drug-protein interactions, the computational calculations were performed. The results in good agreement with those obtained from the experimental for interaction; confirm that the drugs both are bind to a cleft near the active site of the protein without any change in the structure of pepsin. Overall from the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that both simvastatin and atorvastatin can strongly bond to a location close to the active site of pepsin and the binding change the enzymatic activity of protein.
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Study on the interaction between lovastatin and three digestive enzymes and the effect of naringin and vitamin C on it by spectroscopy and docking methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 155:1440-1449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bannigan P, Flynn J, Hudson SP. The impact of endogenous gastrointestinal molecules on the dissolution and precipitation of orally delivered hydrophobic APIs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:677-688. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1743677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pauric Bannigan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the SFI Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - James Flynn
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the SFI Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P. Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, SSPC the SFI Pharmaceutical Centre, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Wang X, Yue Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Liu J, Tang Q. Probing the interaction of pepsin with imidacloprid via DFT calculation, spectroscopic approaches and molecular docking. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Pharmacology of metformin - An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172782. [PMID: 31705902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a successful diabetes type 2 drug for more than a half-century in Europe, the mode of action of metformin is still debated. It is the purpose of this review to inform the reader about most recent findings for metformin with respect to its antidiabetic activity as well as proposed benefits beyond glucose control in humans. Clinical evidence now suggests that most of metformin benefits originate from its actions in the gut, involving hormone signaling by glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY. Growth differentiation factor 15, also mainly produced in the gut, was first identified as a biomarker for metformin use but is now suggested to play a significant role in e.g. weight loss of prediabetics. The pharmacokinetics of the drug in humans as basis for pharmacodynamics, resulting in high tissue levels of the intestinal wall, including the colon, proven by biopsies, is presented. A critical survey of metformin actions on mitochondria, increasing the AMP/ATP ratio but also acting as a mild uncoupler, and of postulated new cellular targets (lysosomes) is included.
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Lian S, Lian J, Wang G, Li L, Yang D, Xue Y. Investigation of binding between fluoroquinolones and pepsin by fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular simulation. LUMINESCENCE 2019; 34:595-601. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Qin Lian
- School of PharmacyXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jie Lian
- College of Marine Life and FisheriesHuaihai Institute of Technology Lian Yungang Jiangsu China
| | - Gui‐Rong Wang
- School of PharmacyXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Basic EducationXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Dong‐Zhi Yang
- School of PharmacyXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yun‐sheng Xue
- School of PharmacyXuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
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Yang J, Chen Y, Liu Z, Yang L, Tang J, Miao M, Gan N, Li H. Differences between the binding modes of enantiomers S/R-nicotine to acetylcholinesterase. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1428-1440. [PMID: 35518031 PMCID: PMC9059617 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09963d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotine causes neurotoxic effects because it quickly penetrates the blood–brain barrier after entering the human body. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme in the central and peripheral nervous system associated with neurotoxicity. In this study, a spectroscopic method and computer simulation were applied to explore the mode of interaction between AChE and enantiomers of nicotine (S/R-nicotine). Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the quenching mechanism of endogenous fluorescence of AChE by S/R-nicotine was static, as confirmed by the time-resolved steady-state fluorescence. The binding strength of both nicotine to AChE was weak (S-AChE: Ka = 80.06 L mol−1, R-AChE: Ka = 173.75 L mol−1). The main driving forces of S-AChE system interaction process were van der Waals force and hydrogen bonding, whereas that of R-AChE system was electrostatic force. Computer simulations showed that there were other important forces involved. S/R-Nicotine had a major binding site on AChE, and molecular docking showed that they bound mainly to the cavities enclosed by the active sites (ES, PAS, OH, AACS, and AP) in the protein. UV-vis spectroscopy and 3D spectroscopy indicated that nicotine significantly affected the microenvironment of Trp amino acids in AChE. The CD spectra indicated that S-nicotine increased the α-helical structure of AChE, but the overall conformation did not change significantly. By contrast, R-nicotine significantly changed the secondary structure of AChE. 5,5′-Dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) method indicated that S and R nicotine produced different degrees of inhibition on the catalytic activity of AChE. Both experimental methods and computer simulations showed that R-nicotine had a significantly higher effect on AChE than S-nicotine. This research comprehensively and systematically analyzed the mode of interaction between nicotine and AChE for neurotoxicity assessment. Study on the binding modes of AChE to S/R-nicotine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
| | - Yongkuan Chen
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming
- China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming
- China
| | - Liu Yang
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming
- China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming
- China
| | - Mingming Miao
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming
- China
| | - Na Gan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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Yang J, Du Q, Gan N, Chen Y, Yang L, Liu Z, Zhao H, Sun Q, Li H. Exploring the binding pattern between pepsin and deferasirox using detailed experimental and computer simulation methods. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37208-37218. [PMID: 35557832 PMCID: PMC9088941 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that a ground state complex was formed between deferasirox (DFX) and pepsin. The binding parameters and thermodynamic parameters of pepsin–DFX complex formation suggested the presence of only one high affinity binding site in the binding process of DFX and pepsin and that the binding process was hydrogen bond dominated. According to the MD simulation optimal pepsin–DFX binding model analysis, the binding force between DFX and pepsin was mainly hydrogen bonding, and the hydrophobic interaction was supplemented. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the binding of DFX to pepsin had minor effect on the protein structure and function. Circular dichroism spectra showed that DFX had no significant effect on the main secondary structure of pepsin. MD analysis also showed that DFX did not affect the looseness of pepsin and the overall secondary structure, but it affected the amino acid residue sequence Leu48-Ala49-Cys50-Ser51-Asp52. Pepsin enzyme activity test showed that the addition of DFX had a slight enhancement effect on the activity of pepsin. Combined with the MD results, DFX bound to pepsin and was closer to the pepsin active site Asp-215, which may affect the electrical environment of Asp-215 residues and enhance the activity of pepsin. Investigation on the binding properties of deferasirox to pepsin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
| | - Qiaohong Du
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Na Gan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Yongkuan Chen
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming
- China
| | - Liu Yang
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming
- China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming
- China
| | - Hui Zhao
- R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co., Ltd
- Kunming
- China
| | - Qiaomei Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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