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El Hallaoui A, Merroun Y, Chehab S, Boukhris S, Hassoune H, Ghailane R, Souizi A. Efficient synthesis of symmetrically substituted pyridines and substituted alkenes through green and heterogeneous catalysis with zinc phosphate. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6368-6378. [PMID: 37491970 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00634d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new environmentally sustainable catalytic method for the synthesis of symmetrically substituted pyridine derivatives and substituted alkene derivatives using zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O) as a non-toxic and green heterogeneous catalyst. The catalytic support was prepared by a co-precipitation method, and it was applied for the first time as a heterogeneous catalyst in organic synthesis. Trisubstituted pyridine derivatives were prepared with excellent yields (82-94%) via a three-component, one-pot synthesis of aromatic aldehydes, substituted acetophenones, and ammonium acetate in the presence of 0.4 mol% of Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O using an ethanol/water (4/1) mixture as the solvent, while substituted alkenes were synthesized with up to 90% yield using the prepared catalyst. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of these new catalytic syntheses that present various advantages such as short reaction times, excellent yields, and an environmentally friendly profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf El Hallaoui
- Organic, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrochemistry, and Environment Laboratory, University of Ibn Tofail, Faculty of Sciences, Po Box 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco.
| | - Youssef Merroun
- Organic, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrochemistry, and Environment Laboratory, University of Ibn Tofail, Faculty of Sciences, Po Box 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco.
| | - Soukaina Chehab
- Organic, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrochemistry, and Environment Laboratory, University of Ibn Tofail, Faculty of Sciences, Po Box 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco.
| | - Said Boukhris
- Organic, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrochemistry, and Environment Laboratory, University of Ibn Tofail, Faculty of Sciences, Po Box 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco.
| | - Hicham Hassoune
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir, 43150, Morocco
| | - Rachida Ghailane
- Organic, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrochemistry, and Environment Laboratory, University of Ibn Tofail, Faculty of Sciences, Po Box 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco.
| | - Abedelaziz Souizi
- Organic, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrochemistry, and Environment Laboratory, University of Ibn Tofail, Faculty of Sciences, Po Box 133, 14000 Kenitra, Morocco.
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Hadjikyprianou E, Petrides S, Kourtellaris A, Tasiopoulos AJ, Georgiades SN. Catalysis of a Diels-Alder Reaction between Azachalcones and Cyclopentadiene by a Recyclable Copper(II)-PEIP Metal-Organic Framework. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5298. [PMID: 37570002 PMCID: PMC10419979 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable interest as emerging heterogeneous catalysts for organic transformations of synthetic utility. Herein, a Lewis-acidic MOF, {[Cu3(PEIP)2(5-NH2-mBDC)(DMF)]·7DMF}∞, denoted as Cu(ΙΙ)-PEIP, has been synthesized via a one-pot process and deployed as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for a Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Specifically, the [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 13 substituted azachalcone dienophiles with cyclopentadiene has been investigated. MOF-catalyzed reaction conditions were optimized, leading to the selection of water as the solvent, in the presence of 10% mol sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to address substrate solubility. The Cu(II)-PEIP catalyst showed excellent activity under these green and mild conditions, exhibiting comparable or, in some cases, superior efficiency to a homogeneous catalyst often employed in Diels-Alder reactions, namely, Cu(OTf)2. The nature of the azachalcone substituent played a significant role in the reactivity of the dienophiles, with electron-withdrawing (EW) substituents enhancing conversion and electron-donating (ED) ones exhibiting the opposite effect. Coordinating substituents appeared to enhance the endo selectivity. Importantly, the Cu(II)-PEIP catalyst can be readily isolated from the reaction mixture and recycled up to four times without any significant reduction in conversion or selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Savvas N. Georgiades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, 1 Panepistimiou Avenue, Aglandjia, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
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A New 2D Metal–Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes in Water. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Two–dimensional (2D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are fascinating photocatalytic materials because of their unique physical and catalytic properties. Herein, we report a new (E)–4–(3–carboxyacrylamido) benzoic acid [ABA–MA] ligand synthesized under facile conditions. This ABA–MA ligand is further utilized to synthesize a copper-based 2D MOF via the solvothermal process. The resulting 2D MOF is characterized for morphology and electronic structural analysis using advanced techniques, such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, 2D MOF is employed as a photocatalyst for degrading organic dyes, demonstrating the degradation/reduction of methylene blue (MeBl) dye with excellent catalytic/photodegradation activity in the absence of any photosensitizer or cocatalyst. The apparent rate constant (kap) values for the catalytic degradation/reduction of MeBl on the Cu(II)–[ABA-MA] MOF are reported to be 0.0093 min−1, 0.0187 min−1, and 0.2539 min−1 under different conditions of sunlight and NaBH4. The kinetics and stability evaluations reveal the noteworthy photocatalytic potential of the Cu(II)–[ABA–MA] MOF for wastewater treatment. This work offers new insights into the fabrication of new MOFs for highly versatile photocatalytic applications.
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Campisciano V, Giacalone F, Gruttadauria M. Is a Catalyst Always Needed? The Case of the Knoevenagel Reaction with Malononitrile. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Campisciano
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) INSTM UdR – Palermo University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Building 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Giacalone
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) INSTM UdR – Palermo University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Building 17 90128 Palermo Italy
| | - Michelangelo Gruttadauria
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF) INSTM UdR – Palermo University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Building 17 90128 Palermo Italy
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Gangu KK, Jonnalagadda SB. A Review on Metal-Organic Frameworks as Congenial Heterogeneous Catalysts for Potential Organic Transformations. Front Chem 2022; 9:747615. [PMID: 34976945 PMCID: PMC8718437 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.747615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as versatile candidates of interest in heterogeneous catalysis. Recent research and developments with MOFs positively endorse their role as catalysts in generating invaluable organic compounds. To harness the full potential of MOFs in value-added organic transformation, a comprehensive look at how these materials are likely to involve in the catalytic processes is essential. Mainstays of MOFs such as metal nodes, linkers, encapsulation materials, and enveloped structures tend to produce capable catalytic active sites that offer solutions to reduce human efforts in developing new organic reactions. The main advantages of choosing MOFs as reusable catalysts are the flexible and robust skeleton, regular porosity, high pore volume, and accessible synthesis accompanied with cost-effectiveness. As hosts for active metals, sole MOFs, modified MOFs, and MOFs have made remarkable advances as solid catalysts. The extensive exploration of the MOFs possibly led to their fast adoption in fabricating new biological molecules such as pyridines, quinolines, quinazolinones, imines, and their derivatives. This review covers the varied MOFs and their catalytic properties in facilitating the selective formation of the product organic moieties and interprets MOF’s property responsible for their elegant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi Kumar Gangu
- Vignan's Institute of Information Technology, Visakhapatnam, India.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sreekantha B Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Gangu KK, Tharividi SG, Kerru N, Jonnalagadda SB. Excellent Catalytic Activity of Two Cd(II) Metal‐Organic Frameworks in The Synthesis of Benzothiazolo‐Pyrimidines. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi Kumar Gangu
- Vignan's Institute of Information Technology, Duvvada Visakhapatnam 530049 India
- School of Chemistry & Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Satya Guru Tharividi
- Vignan's Institute of Information Technology, Duvvada Visakhapatnam 530049 India
| | - Nagaraju Kerru
- Department of Chemistry GITAM University Bengaluru Karnataka 561203 India
- School of Chemistry & Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
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Shi X, Cao B, Liu J, Zhang J, Du Y. Rare-Earth-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Multifunctional Platforms for Catalytic Conversion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005371. [PMID: 33605028 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of catalytic conversion is very important for human society. In the catalytic process, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be utilized to obtain effective catalysts for their porous structures and adjustable properties. In addition, the introduction of rare-earth (RE) elements with unique properties for catalysts can realize good catalytic performances. Thus, the RE-MOF related catalysts for catalytic conversion are summarized. Due to the cooperation of RE elements and porous MOF structures, the RE-based MOFs can be used as promising catalysts or precursors/supports for other catalysts in the areas of energy conversion, environmental governance, and organic synthesis. These aggregated studies highlight the RE-MOFs as promising candidates for catalytic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Shi
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Bo Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jinghai Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Inner Mongolia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Catalytic Conversion and Utilization of Carbon Resource Molecules, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Du
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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Wang H, Han S, Dun L, Zhang B, Chen X, Wang J, Li C, Liu C. Crystal structure, thermal behavior, luminescence and theoretical calculation of a new Pb(II) coordination complex. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu Z, Ning L, Wang K, Feng L, Gu W, Liu X. A new imidazole-functionalized 3D-cobalt metal-organic framework as a high efficiency heterogeneous catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation reaction of furfural. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rare-earth metal–organic frameworks as advanced catalytic platforms for organic synthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Jin F. Construction of a novel 2D Pb(II)-Organic framework: Syntheses, crystal structure, and property. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jin F. An excellently stable heterovalent copper–organic framework based on Cu4I4 and Cu(COO)2N2 SBUs: The catalytic performance for CO2 cycloaddition reaction and Knoevenagel condensation reaction. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guo F, Su C, Fan Y, Shi W, Zhang X. Assembly of Two Self-Interpenetrating Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on a Trigonal Ligand: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7135-7142. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing 408100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changhua Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing 408100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Shi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing 408100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, People’s Republic of China
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Yousefian M, Rafiee Z. Cu-metal-organic framework supported on chitosan for efficient condensation of aromatic aldehydes and malononitrile. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 228:115393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yan P, Yang J, Hao X, Chen Z, Shen G, Zhao Y, Ma D, Zhu J. A microporous zinc–organic framework with Lewis basic pyridyl sites for highly selective C2H2/CH4 and C2H2/CO2 gas separation. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01481k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A microporous zinc–organic framework with Lewis basic pyridyl sites leads to a material that exhibits excellent C2H2/CH4 and C2H2/CO2 gas separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University of Technology and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation
- Hohhot 010051
- P. R. China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
| | - Jucai Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University of Technology and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation
- Hohhot 010051
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangying Hao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing 526061
- P. R. China
| | - Zhisheng Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing 526061
- P. R. China
| | - Guanhua Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing 526061
- P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Zhao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing 526061
- P. R. China
| | - Deyun Ma
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing 526061
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
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Miao C. Design and construction of a 2D PbII coordination polymer as a multi-response luminescent sensor for Fe3+, Cr2O72−, and TNP. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Du JQ, Dong JL, Xie F, Lan HM, Yang RX, Wang DZ. Two types of lanthanide coordination polymers showing luminescence and magnetic properties. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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A dual-responsive luminescent TbIII-organic framework with high water stability for selective sensing of Fe3+ and Cr2O72− in water systems. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhu QQ, He H, Yan Y, Yuan J, Lu DQ, Zhang DY, Sun F, Zhu G. An Exceptionally Stable TbIII-Based Metal–Organic Framework for Selectively and Sensitively Detecting Antibiotics in Aqueous Solution. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7746-7753. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongming He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di-Qiu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Yu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, MOE Key Laboratory of Inorganic−Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China
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Guo F. A novel 2D Cu(II)-MOF as a heterogeneous catalyst for the cycloaddition reaction of epoxides and CO2 into cyclic carbonates. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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