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Xue Y, Sexton TM, Yang J, Tschumper GS. Systematic analysis of electronic barrier heights and widths for concerted proton transfer in cyclic hydrogen bonded clusters: (HF) n, (HCl) n and (H 2O) n where n = 3, 4, 5. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12483-12494. [PMID: 38619858 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The MP2 and CCSD(T) methods are paired with correlation consistent basis sets as large as aug-cc-pVQZ to optimize the structures of the cyclic minima for (HF)n, (HCl)n and (H2O)n where n = 3-5, as well as the corresponding transition states (TSs) for concerted proton transfer (CPT). MP2 and CCSD(T) harmonic vibrational frequencies confirm the nature of each minimum and TS. Both conventional and explicitly correlated CCSD(T) computations are employed to assess the electronic dissociation energies and barrier heights for CPT near the complete basis (CBS) limit for all 9 clusters. Results for (HF)n are consistent with prior studies identifying Cnh and Dnh point group symmetry for the minima and TSs, respectively. Our computations also confirm that CPT proceeds through Cs TS structures for the C1 minima of (H2O)3 and (H2O)5, whereas the process goes through a TS with D2d symmetry for the S4 global minimum of (H2O)4. This work corroborates earlier findings that the minima for (HCl)3, (HCl)4 and (HCl)5 have C3h, S4 and C1 point group symmetry, respectively, and that the Cnh structures are not minima for n = 4 and 5. Moreover, our computations show the TSs for CPT in (HCl)3, (HCl)4 and (HCl)5 have D3h, D2d, and C2 point group symmetry, respectively. At the CCSD(T) CBS limit, (HF)4 and (HF)5 have the smallest electronic barrier heights for CPT (≈15 kcal mol-1 for both), followed by the HF trimer (≈21 kcal mol-1). The barriers are appreciably higher for the other clusters (around 27 kcal mol-1 for (H2O)4 and (HCl)3; roughly 30 kcal mol-1 for (H2O)3, (H2O)5 and (HCl)4; up to 38 kcal mol-1 for (HCl)5). At the CBS limit, MP2 significantly underestimates the CCSD(T) barrier heights (e.g., by ca. 2, 4 and 7 kcal mol-1 for the pentamers of HF, H2O and HCl, respectively), whereas CCSD overestimates these barriers by roughly the same magnitude. Scaling the barrier heights and dissociation energies by the number of fragments in the cluster reveals strong linear relationships between the two quantities and with the magnitudes of the imaginary vibrational frequency for the TSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - Thomas More Sexton
- School of Arts and Sciences, Chemistry University of Mary, Bismark, ND 58504, USA.
| | - Johnny Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
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Esmaeildoost N, Pathak H, Späh A, Lane TJ, Kim KH, Yang C, Amann-Winkel K, Ladd-Parada M, Perakis F, Koliyadu J, Oggenfuss AR, Johnson PJM, Deng Y, Zerdane S, Mankowsky R, Beaud P, Lemke HT, Nilsson A, Sellberg JA. Anomalous temperature dependence of the experimental x-ray structure factor of supercooled water. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:214501. [PMID: 34879659 DOI: 10.1063/5.0075499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural changes of water upon deep supercooling were studied through wide-angle x-ray scattering at SwissFEL. The experimental setup had a momentum transfer range of 4.5 Å-1, which covered the principal doublet of the x-ray structure factor of water. The oxygen-oxygen structure factor was obtained for temperatures down to 228.5 ± 0.6 K. Similar to previous studies, the second diffraction peak increased strongly in amplitude as the structural change accelerated toward a local tetrahedral structure upon deep supercooling. We also observed an anomalous trend for the second peak position of the oxygen-oxygen structure factor (q2). We found that q2 exhibits an unprecedented positive partial derivative with respect to temperature for temperatures below 236 K. Based on Fourier inversion of our experimental data combined with reference data, we propose that the anomalous q2 shift originates from that a repeat spacing in the tetrahedral network, associated with all peaks in the oxygen-oxygen pair-correlation function, gives rise to a less dense local ordering that resembles that of low-density amorphous ice. The findings are consistent with that liquid water consists of a pentamer-based hydrogen-bonded network with low density upon deep supercooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Esmaeildoost
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harshad Pathak
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Lane
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Yunpei Deng
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Serhane Zerdane
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Roman Mankowsky
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Paul Beaud
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Henrik T Lemke
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas A Sellberg
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Camisasca G, Schlesinger D, Zhovtobriukh I, Pitsevich G, Pettersson LGM. A proposal for the structure of high- and low-density fluctuations in liquid water. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034508. [PMID: 31325915 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on recent experimental data that can be interpreted as indicating the presence of specific structures in liquid water, we build and optimize two structural models which we compare with the available experimental data. To represent the proposed high-density liquid structures, we use a model consisting of chains of water molecules, and for low-density liquid, we investigate fused dodecahedra as templates for tetrahedral fluctuations. The computed infrared spectra of the models are in very good agreement with the extracted experimental spectra for the two components, while the extracted structures from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations give spectra that are intermediate between the experimentally derived spectra. Computed x-ray absorption and emission spectra as well as the O-O radial distribution functions of the proposed structures are not contradicted by experiment. The stability of the proposed dodecahedral template structures is investigated in MD simulations by seeding the starting structure, and remnants found to persist on an ∼30 ps time scale. We discuss the possible significance of such seeds in simulations and whether they can be viable candidates as templates for structural fluctuations below the compressibility minimum of liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Camisasca
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Schlesinger
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iurii Zhovtobriukh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Pitsevich
- Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Ave., 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Lars G M Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Pathak H, Späh A, Kim KH, Tsironi I, Mariedahl D, Blanco M, Huotari S, Honkimäki V, Nilsson A. Intermediate range O-O correlations in supercooled water down to 235 K. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:224506. [PMID: 31202250 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wide angle x-ray scattering of supercooled water down to 234.8 K was studied using high energy x rays at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The oxygen-oxygen pair distribution function (PDF) was calculated from the scattering pattern out to the 5th peak at an intermolecular distance, r ≈ 11 Å. We observe that the 4th peak and the 5th peak in the PDF increase in height upon supercooling. We also observe that the 4th peak position (r4) shifts to shorter distances upon supercooling consistent with previous studies, but we see a more rapid change at the lowest temperature. The running oxygen-oxygen coordination number is calculated for 5 different temperatures, and an isosbestic point at riso = 3.31 ± 0.05 Å was found corresponding to a coordination number of 4.39 ± 0.15. The comparison of the PDF of the coldest water with that of amorphous ice shows distinct differences. We propose that there are 5-member pentamer rings in low density liquid-like structures giving rise to the sharp correlations at r ≈ 9 Å and r ≈ 11 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Pathak
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ifigeneia Tsironi
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Mariedahl
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Blanco
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veijo Honkimäki
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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