Synthesis, molecular structure and multiple biological activities of N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide

DFT studies on N-(1-(2-bromobenzoyl)-4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)

In this work, molecular descriptors of N-(1-(2-bromobenzoyl)-4-cyano-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) halogenated benzamides (1a-h) have been computed using a quantum chemical technique through DFT. Prior work involved the synthesis of compounds (1a-h) and the assessment of their anticancer activity on breast, colon, and liver tumors: MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG-2 cell lines respectively. Since 1a, 1b, and 1d showed the most potential anticancer impact, their ability to inhibit EGFRWT was investigated. Based on the biological data, 1b inhibited EGFRWT the most. According to the docking evaluation, an H-bond with the threonine residue was one of the main non-covalent contacts between 1b and the EGFRWT active site residues. PES, MESP, HOMOs, LUMOs, energy band gap, global reactivity indices [electron affinity (A), ionization energies (I), electrophilicity index (ω), nucleophilicity index (ε), chemical potential (μ), electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), and softness (S)], condensed Fukui functions, NBO, and NCIs are the molecular descriptors of 1a-h that were computed using DFT technique. According to the theoretical investigation results, compounds (1a-h) might have anticancer effects; these findings are consistent with the biological findings from our previous research. Compound 1b had the lowest binding energy, according to an assessment of the binding energies between the threonine and the three most active compounds (1a, 1b, and 1d). This is consistent with the outcomes of the docking study and the biological examination of the influence of 1a, 1b, and 1d on EGFRWT.

Mechanosynthesis of Triazolyl-bis(indolyl)methane Pharmacophores via Gold Catalysis: A Prelude to Their Molecular Electronic Properties and Biological Potency

Chemical structures possessing both 1,2,3-triazole and bis(indolyl)methane fragments gained considerable interest in drug synthesis owing to their established biological efficacies. However, 1,2,3-triazoles linked at the bridging position of bis(indolyl)methane is a logical and unexplored design approach. In this regard, nine new triazolyl-bis(indolyl)methane conjugates under AuCl catalyzed ball-milling conditions were accomplished. Comparative evaluation on absorptive and emissive properties of the synthesized dyads were also analyzed. To unravel the influence of different peripheral substituents on the electronic structure and π-orbital properties, theoretical investigations were performed. Screening of molecules for free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic showed comparable potency against reference drugs. In particular, compounds 7 h, 7 d and 7 a displayed good efficiency of α-amylase inhibition. The DNA gyrase inhibitory potential of all compounds were assessed in silico which revealed high binding affinity (ΔG=-8.99 Kcal/mol) for 7 i followed by 7 h (ΔG=-7.80 Kcal/mol) with the targeted protein.

Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies of new CDK2 inhibitors based on pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine scaffold with apoptotic activity

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition is considered a promising target for cancer treatment for its crucial role in cell cycle regulation. Pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives were well established for their antitumor activity via CDK2 inhibition. In this research, new series of pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives (4-15) was designed and synthesised as novel CDK2 inhibitors. The anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG-2 were used to evaluate their anticancer activity as novel CDK2 inhibitors. Most of the compounds showed superior cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HCT-116 compared to Sorafenib. Only compounds 8, 14, and 15 showed potent activity against HepG-2. The CDK2/cyclin A2 enzyme inhibitory activity was tested for all synthesised compounds. Compound 15 showed the most significant inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ 0.061 ± 0.003 µM. It exerted remarkable alteration in Pre G1 and S phase cell cycle progression and caused apoptosis in HCT cells. In addition, the normal cell line cytotoxicity for compound 15 was assigned revealing low cytotoxic results in normal cells rather than cancer cells. Molecular docking was achieved on the designed compounds and confirmed the two essential hydrogen binding with Leu83 in CDK2 active site. In silico ADMET studies and drug-likeness showed proper pharmacokinetic properties which helped in structure requirements prediction for the observed antitumor activity.

E Shahin M, Elsakka EGE, Mokhtar MM, Hegazy M, Hagras M, Mandour AA, Ismail NSM. Discovery of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives as novel CDK2 inhibitors: synthesis, biological and molecular modeling investigations

CDK2 inhibition is an appealing target for cancer treatment that targets tumor cells in a selective manner. A new set of small molecules featuring the privileged pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine scaffolds (4–13) as well as the thioglycoside derivatives (14, 15) were designed, and synthesized as novel CDK2 targeting compounds. The growth of the three examined cell lines was significantly inhibited by most of the prepared compounds. Results revealed that most of the compounds showed superior cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HCT-116 with IC₅₀ range (45–97 nM) and (6–99 nM), respectively, and moderate activity against HepG-2 with IC₅₀ range of (48–90 nM) compared to sorafenib (IC₅₀: 144, 176 and 19 nM, respectively). Of these compounds, 14 & 15 showed the best cytotoxic activities against the three cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 45, 6, and 48 nM and 46, 7, and 48 nM against MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG-2, respectively. Enzymatic inhibitory activity against CDK2/cyclin A2 was achieved for the most potent anti-proliferative compounds. Compounds 14, 13 and 15 revealed the most significant inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 0.057 ± 0.003, 0.081 ± 0.004 and 0.119 ± 0.007 μM, respectively compared to sorafenib (0.184 ± 0.01 μM). Compound 14 displayed potent dual activity against the examined cell lines and CDK2, and was thus selected for further investigations. It exerted a significance alteration in cell cycle progression, in addition to apoptosis induction within HCT cells. Molecular docking simulation of the designed compounds confirmed the good fit into the CDK2 active site through the essential hydrogen bonding with Leu83. In silico ADMET studies and drug-likeness studies using a Boiled Egg chart showed suitable pharmacokinetic properties which helped in structure requirement prediction for the observed antitumor activity.

A new set of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine scaffolds (4–13) as well as the thioglycoside derivatives (14, 15) were designed, and synthesized as novel CDK2 targeting compounds.

Molecular, Electronic, Nonlinear Optical and Spectroscopic Analysis of Heterocyclic 3-Substituted-4-(3-methyl-2-thienylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones: Experiment and DFT Calculations

In the present study, 3-p-methoxybenzyl/m-chlorobenzyl/phenyl-4-(3-methyl-2-thienylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones were obtained from the reaction between 3-methylthiophene-2-carbaldehyde and three different 4-amino-(3-p-methoxybenzyl/m-chlorobenzyl/phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones. In order to compare experimental and theoretical values, the geometric parameter, electronic, nonlinear optical properties, molecular electrostatic potentials and spectroscopic properties of 3-substituted-4-(3-methyl-2-thienylmethyleneamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones have been simulated. The electronic properties of the newly synthesized compounds were calculated using DFT/B3LYP and DFT/B3PW91 methods revealing parameters such as ionization potential, electron affinity, energy gap, electronegativity, molecular hardness, molecular softness, electrophilic index, nucleophilic index and chemical potential, all obtained from HOMO and LUMO energies, dipole moments and total energies. UV-visible absorption spectra and the stimulation contributions in UV-visible transitions were obtained by using TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) and TD-DFT/B3PW91/6-311G(d,p) methods in ethanol. The calculated absorption wavelengths, oscillator power and excitation energies were compared with experimental values. In line with DFT, the numbers of molecular vibration were analyzed through the basis set of 6-311G(d,p). The recording of FT-IR frequencies was done for the pertinent compound. The recorded frequencies through DFT/B3LYP and DFT/B3PW91 methods were compared to experimental values, with a result gained closest to the values of B3LYP. Finally, the Gaussian09W program package in DMSO phase, starting from the optimized structure, has been instrumental in calculating the 13C-NMR and 1H-NMR chemical shift values of the GIAO method.

Synthesis, cytotoxicity of some pyrazoles and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines bearing benzothiazole moiety and investigation of their mechanism of action

A novel series of pyrazoles and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines bearing benzothiazole moiety were designed and synthesized. Chemical structures were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analyses. Nine compounds were selected and screened for their cytotoxic activity at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA against 60 cancer cell lines in a single dose assay. Compounds 4 and 5 exerted the most potent growth inhibitory activity against most cancer cell lines with growth inhibition (GI%) ranges from 44.86% to 84.59% and 31.20% to 52.36%, respectively. Consequently, they were further investigated through IC₅₀ determination using five dose MTT colorimetric assay against three sensitive cell lines, leukemia CCRF-CEM, non-small cell lung cancer HOP-92 and liver cancer Hep-G2. Compound 4 exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against the three tested cell lines with IC₅₀ 16.34, 3.45 and 7.79 μM, respectively representing half potency, 3.5 folds potency and nearly equipotent to roscovitine. To investigate its mechanism of action, cell cycle analysis of compound 4 was conducted and showed that it induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis in HOP-92 cells. In correlation with the previous results, caspase-3 activation was tested and illustrated elevation in its concentration by nearly 14 folds than control. Besides, enzyme inhibition assay of compound 4 was evaluated towards two common antitumor targets namely KDM1 and CDK1 showing significant inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ 0.096 and 0.078 μM, respectively.