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Murtaza G, Khan M, Farooq S, Choudhary MI, Yousuf S. New cocrystals of heterocyclic drugs: structural, antileishmanial, larvicidal and urease inhibition studies. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:237-248. [PMID: 37140892 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229623003753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many heterocycles have been developed as drugs due to their capacity to interact productively with biological systems. The present study aimed to synthesize cocrystals of the heterocyclic antitubercular agent pyrazinamide (PYZ, 1, BCS III) and the commercially available anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine (CBZ, 2, BCS class II) to study the effect of cocrystallization on the stability and biological activities of these drugs. Two new cocrystals, namely, pyrazinamide-homophthalic acid (1/1) (PYZ:HMA, 3) and carbamazepine-5-chlorosalicylic acid (1/1) (CBZ:5-SA, 4), were synthesized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction-based structure of carbamazepine-trans-cinnamic acid (1/1) (CBZ:TCA, 5) was also studied for the first time, along with the known cocrystal carbamazepine-nicotinamide (1/1) (CBZ:NA, 6). From a combination drug perspective, these are interesting pharmaceutical cocrystals to overcome the known side effects of PYZ (1) therapy, and the poor biopharmaceutical properties of CBZ (2). The purity and homogeneity of all the synthesized cocrystals were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analysis, followed by thermal stability studies based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Detailed intermolecular interactions and the role of hydrogen bonding towards crystal stability were evaluated quantitatively via Hirshfeld surface analysis. The solubility of CBZ at pH 6.8 and 7.4 in 0.1 N HCl and H2O were compared with the values of cocrystal CBZ:5-SA (4). The solubility of CBZ:5-SA was found to be significantly improved at pH 6.8 and 7.4 in H2O. All the synthesized cocrystals 3-6 exhibited a potent urease inhibition (IC50 values range from 17.32 ± 0.89 to 12.3 ± 0.8 µM), several times more potent than standard acetohydroxamic acid (IC50 = 20.34 ± 0.43 µM). PYZ:HMA (3) also exhibited potent larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Among the synthesized cocrystals, PYZ:HMA (3) and CBZ:TCA (5) were found to possess antileishmanial activity against the miltefosine-induced resistant strain of Leishmania major, with IC50 values of 111.98 ± 0.99 and 111.90 ± 1.44 µM, respectively, in comparison with miltefosine (IC50 = 169.55 ± 0.20 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Murtaza
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saba Farooq
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Narala S, Komanduri N, Nyavanandi D, Youssef AAA, Mandati P, Alzahrani A, Kolimi P, Narala N, Repka MA. Hard Gelatin Capsules Containing Hot Melt Extruded Solid Crystal Suspension of Carbamazepine for improving dissolution: Preparation and In vitro Evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023; 82:104384. [PMID: 37124158 PMCID: PMC10134907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solubility is one of the key parameters for achieving the desired drug concentration in systemic circulation for better therapeutic outcomes. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is practically insoluble in water, is a BCS class II drug, and exhibits dissolution-dependent oral bioavailability. This study explored a novel application of hot-melt extrusion in the manufacture and development of a thermodynamically stable solid crystal suspension (SCS) to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of CBZ. The SCSs were prepared using sugar alcohols, such as mannitol or xylitol, as crystalline carriers. The drug-sugar blend was processed by hot melt extrusion up to 40 % (w/w) drug loading. The extruded SCS was evaluated for drug content, saturation solubility, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in vitro release, and stability studies. The physicochemical characterization revealed the highly crystalline existence of pure drug, pure carriers, and extruded SCS. FTIR analysis did not reveal any physical or chemical incompatibilities between the drug and sugar alcohols and showed a homogeneous CBZ distribution within respective crystalline carriers. The SEM micrographs of the solidified SCS revealed the presence of approximately 100 μm crystalline agglomerates. In vitro dissolution and solubility studies showed that the CBZ dissolution rate and solubility were improved significantly from both crystalline carriers for all tested drug loads. The SCSs showed no significant changes in drug content, in vitro release profiles, and thermal characteristics over 3 months of storage at accelerated stability conditions (40±2°C/75±5% RH). As a result, it can be inferred that the SCS strategy can be employed as a contemporary alternative technique to improve the dissolution rate of BCS class II drugs via HME technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Neeraja Komanduri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Dinesh Nyavanandi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Preethi Mandati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Abdullah Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Praveen Kolimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
| | - Michael A. Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Rajbongshi T, Sarmah KK, Das S, Deka P, Saha A, Saha BK, Puschmann H, Reddy CM, Thakuria R. Non-stoichiometric carbamazepine cocrystal hydrates of 3,4-/3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids: coformer-water exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3902-3905. [PMID: 36919569 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06860e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The cocrystallisation of carbamazepine (CBZ) with 3,4-/3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids (34/35DHBA) with different stoichiometries formed molecular alloys, exchanging a water molecule, in their isostructural CBZ dihydrate form. Furthermore, we show a correlation between the mechanical properties of the CBZ-DHBA cocrystals with the amount of coformer present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kashyap Kumar Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, Behali Degree College, Borgang, Biswanath, 784167, Assam, India
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Poonam Deka
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, India.
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Binoy K Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Horst Puschmann
- OlexSys Ltd, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, India.
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Surov AO, Ramazanova AG, Voronin AP, Drozd KV, Churakov AV, Perlovich GL. Virtual Screening, Structural Analysis, and Formation Thermodynamics of Carbamazepine Cocrystals. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030836. [PMID: 36986697 PMCID: PMC10052035 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the existing set of carbamazepine (CBZ) cocrystals was extended through the successful combination of the drug with the positional isomers of acetamidobenzoic acid. The structural and energetic features of the CBZ cocrystals with 3- and 4-acetamidobenzoic acids were elucidated via single-crystal X-ray diffraction followed by QTAIMC analysis. The ability of three fundamentally different virtual screening methods to predict the correct cocrystallization outcome for CBZ was assessed based on the new experimental results obtained in this study and data available in the literature. It was found that the hydrogen bond propensity model performed the worst in distinguishing positive and negative results of CBZ cocrystallization experiments with 87 coformers, attaining an accuracy value lower than random guessing. The method that utilizes molecular electrostatic potential maps and the machine learning approach named CCGNet exhibited comparable results in terms of prediction metrics, albeit the latter resulted in superior specificity and overall accuracy while requiring no time-consuming DFT computations. In addition, formation thermodynamic parameters for the newly obtained CBZ cocrystals with 3- and 4-acetamidobenzoic acids were evaluated using temperature dependences of the cocrystallization Gibbs energy. The cocrystallization reactions between CBZ and the selected coformers were found to be enthalpy-driven, with entropy terms being statistically different from zero. The observed difference in dissolution behavior of the cocrystals in aqueous media was thought to be caused by variations in their thermodynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem O Surov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Anna G Ramazanova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | | | - Ksenia V Drozd
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Andrei V Churakov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prosp. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - German L Perlovich
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia
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Formation Thermodynamics of Carbamazepine with Benzamide, Para-Hydroxybenzamide and Isonicotinamide Cocrystals: Experimental and Theoretical Study. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091881. [PMID: 36145629 PMCID: PMC9501737 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation thermodynamic parameters for three cocrystals of carbamazepine (CBZ) with structurally related coformers (benzamide (BZA), para-hydroxybenzamide (4-OH-BZA) and isonicotinamide (INAM)) were determined by experimental (cocrystal solubility and competitive reaction methods) and computational techniques. The experimental solubility values of cocrystal components at eutectic points and solubility product of cocrystals [CBZ + BZA], [CBZ + 4-OH-BZA], and [CBZ + INAM] in acetonitrile at 293.15 K, 298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K were measured. All the thermodynamic functions (Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy) of cocrystals formation were evaluated from the experimental data. The crystal structure of [CBZ + BZA] (1:1) cocrystal was solved and analyzed by the single crystal X-ray diffractometry. A correlation between the solubility products and pure coformers solubility values has been found for CBZ cocrystals. The relationship between the entropy term and the molecular volume of the cocrystal formation has been revealed. The effectiveness of the estimation of the cocrystal formation thermodynamic parameters, based on the knowledge of the melting temperatures of active pharmaceutical ingredients, coformers, cocrystals, as well as the sublimation Gibbs energies and enthalpies of the individual components, was proven. A new method for the comparative assessment of the cocrystal stability based on the H-bond propensity analysis was proposed. The experimental and theoretical results on the thermodynamic parameters of the cocrystal formation were shown to be in good agreement. According to the thermodynamic stability, the studied cocrystals can be arranged in the following order: [CBZ + 4-OH-BZA] > [CBZ + BZA] > [CBZ + INAM].
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Salem A, Khanfar E, Nagy S, Széchenyi A. Cocrystals of tuberculosis antibiotics: Challenges and missed opportunities. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121924. [PMID: 35738333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystals have been extensively used to improve the physicochemical properties and bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Cocrystals of anti-tuberculosis medications are among those commonly reported. This review provides a summary of the tuberculosis antibiotic cocrystals reported in the literature, providing the main results on current tuberculosis medications utilized in cocrystals. Moreover, anti-tuberculosis cocrystals limitations and advantages are described, including evidence for enhanced solubility, stability and effect. Opportunities to enhance anti-tuberculosis medications and fixed dose combinations using cocrystals are given. Several cocrystal pairs are suggested to enhance the effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala' Salem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Esam Khanfar
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Sándor Nagy
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Aleksandar Széchenyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Levofloxacin Cocrystal/Salt with Phthalimide and Caffeic Acid as Promising Solid-State Approach to Improve Antimicrobial Efficiency. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060797. [PMID: 35740203 PMCID: PMC9220774 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the issue of multidrug resistant (MDR) microbes, the exploration of ways to improve the antimicrobial efficiency of existing antibiotics is one of the promising approaches. In search of synthons with higher efficiency, in current investigations, cocrystal and amorphous salt of levofloxacin hemihydrate (LEV) were developed with phthalimide (PTH) and caffeic acid (CFA). New materials were characterized with the help of FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Shifting, attenuation, appearance/disappearance and broadening of bands were observed in the FT-IR and Raman spectra of the materials as evidence of the required product. The PXRD diffraction pattern observed for LEV-PTH indicated cocrystal while halo diffractogram of LEV-CFA revealed amorphous nature. DSC/TG analysis confirmed the hydrated nature of the cocrystal/salt. The dissolution rate and antimicrobial activity against selected strains, K.pneumonia, E. coli and S. typhi of parent drug and the new material were compared. The zone of inhibition (ZI) observed for 5 µg LEV-PTH was 30.4 + 0.36 (K. pneumonia), 26.33 + 0.35 (E. coli) and 30.03 + 0.25 mm (S. typhi) while LEV-CFA salt (5 µg) against the same strains inhibited 33.96 ± 0.25, 31.66 ± 0.35 and 27.93 ± 0.40 mm, respectively. These novel formulations enhance the dissolution rate as well as antibacterial efficiency and are expected to be potent against MDR bacterial strains.
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Lattice water provides hydrogen atom donor to form hydrate: A case study of chlorbipram: m-hydroxybenzoic acid (1:1) cocrystal. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Duan C, Liu W, Tao Y, Liang F, Chen Y, Xiao X, Zhang G, Chen Y, Hao C. Two Novel Palbociclib-Resorcinol and Palbociclib-Orcinol Cocrystals with Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution Rate. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:23. [PMID: 35056919 PMCID: PMC8781472 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Palbociclib (PAL) is an effective anti-breast cancer drug, but its use has been partly restricted due to poor bioavailability (resulting from extremely low water solubility) and serious adverse reactions. In this study, two cocrystals of PAL with resorcinol (RES) or orcinol (ORC) were prepared by evaporation crystallization to enhance their solubility. The cocrystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The intrinsic dissolution rates of the PAL cocrystals were determined in three different dissolution media (pH 1.0, pH 4.5 and pH 6.8), and both cocrystals showed improved dissolution rates at pH 1.0 and pH 6.8 in comparison to the parent drug. In addition, the cocrystals increased the solubility of PAL at pH 6.8 by 2-3 times and showed good stabilities in both the accelerated stability testing and stress testing. The PAL-RES cocrystal also exhibited an improved relative bioavailability (1.24 times) than PAL in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity assay of PAL-RES showed an increased IC50 value for normal cells, suggesting a better biosafety profile than PAL. Co-crystallization may represent a promising strategy for improving the physicochemical properties of PAL with better pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (C.D.); (W.L.); (F.L.); (Y.C.); (X.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (C.D.); (W.L.); (F.L.); (Y.C.); (X.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, TX 75275-0314, USA;
| | - Feifei Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (C.D.); (W.L.); (F.L.); (Y.C.); (X.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Yanming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (C.D.); (W.L.); (F.L.); (Y.C.); (X.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xinyi Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (C.D.); (W.L.); (F.L.); (Y.C.); (X.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (C.D.); (W.L.); (F.L.); (Y.C.); (X.X.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (C.D.); (W.L.); (F.L.); (Y.C.); (X.X.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chao Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (C.D.); (W.L.); (F.L.); (Y.C.); (X.X.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Ul Islam N, Khan E, Naveed Umar M, Shah A, Zahoor M, Ullah R, Bari A. Enhancing Dissolution Rate and Antibacterial Efficiency of Azithromycin through Drug-Drug Cocrystals with Paracetamol. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10080939. [PMID: 34438989 PMCID: PMC8388915 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocrystallization is a promising approach to alter physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (hereafter abbreviated as APIs) bearing poor profile. Nowadays pharmaceutical industries are focused on preparing drug-drug cocrystals of APIs that are often prescribed in combination therapies by physicians. Physicians normally prescribe antibiotic with an analgesic/antipyretic drug to combat several ailments in a better and more efficient way. In this work, azithromycin (AZT) and paracetamol (PCM) cocrystals were prepared in 1:1 molar ratio using slow solvent evaporation method. The cocrystals were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Vibrational spectroscopy and DSC confirmed that both APIs interact physically and showed chemical compatibility, while PXRD pattern of the starting material and products revealed that cocrystal have in a unique crystalline phase. The degree of hydration was confirmed by TGA analysis and result indicates monohydrate cocrystal formation. The HPLC analysis confirmed equimolar ratio of AZT:PCM in the cocrystal. The in vitro dissolution rate, saturation solubility, and antimicrobial activity were evaluated for AZT dihydrate and the resulting cocrystals. The cocrystals exhibited better dissolution rate, solubility and enhanced biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan; (N.U.I.); (E.K.)
| | - Ezzat Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan; (N.U.I.); (E.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
| | - Muhammad Naveed Umar
- Jacobs University School of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Attaullah Shah
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College (NILOP-C, PIEAS), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Phase solubility investigation and theoretical calculations on drug-drug cocrystals of carbamazepine with Emodin, Paeonol. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Vasilev NA, Surov AO, Voronin AP, Drozd KV, Perlovich GL. Novel cocrystals of itraconazole: Insights from phase diagrams, formation thermodynamics and solubility. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120441. [PMID: 33675927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the cocrystallization approach was applied to itraconazole (ITR), a very slightly soluble triazole antifungal drug, which led to the formation of two new solid forms of ITR with 4-aminobenzoic acid (4AmBA) and 4-hydroxybenzamide (4OHBZA). A thermodynamic analysis of the solid-liquid binary phase diagrams for the (ITR + 4AmBA) and (ITR + 4OHBZA) systems provided conclusive evidence of the cocrystal stoichiometry: 1:1 for the cocrystal with 4-aminobenzoic acid, and 1:2 for the cocrystal with 4-hydroxybenzamide. Powder X-Ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of two different polymorphic forms of the [ITR + 4OHBZA] (1:2) cocrystal obtained either through solution or melt crystallization. Cocrystal formation and polymorphic transition processes were investigated in detail by the DSC and HSM methods. The thermodynamic functions of cocrystal formation were estimated from the solubility of the cocrystals and the corresponding solubility of the pure compounds at different temperatures. The combination of ITR and 4OHBZA was found to be more favorable than the reaction between ITR and 4AmBA in terms of both Gibbs energy and enthalpy. The pH-solubility behavior of the cocrystals was investigated at different pH values using eutectic concentrations of the components and the cocrystal solubility advantage was estimated. It was found that the cocrystallization of itraconazole with 4OHBZA and 4AmBA can potentially increase the drug solubility at pH1.2 and 37 °C by 225 and 64 times, respectively. The cocrystal dissolution behavior in biorelevant media was analyzed in terms of Cmax, σmax parameters (the maximum ITR concentration and supersaturation), and AUC (the concentration area under the curve during the dissolution - supersaturation - precipitation process). The cocrystals had similar σmax values during the dissolution and sustained supersaturation for up to 6 h, which gave them an advantage in the AUC values (13-37 times higher) over the drug. The differences in the dissolution profiles of the cocrystals were rationalized in terms of their dissolution rate values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Vasilev
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045, Akademicheskaya st., 1, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Artem O Surov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045, Akademicheskaya st., 1, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Alexander P Voronin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045, Akademicheskaya st., 1, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Ksenia V Drozd
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045, Akademicheskaya st., 1, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - German L Perlovich
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045, Akademicheskaya st., 1, Ivanovo, Russia.
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Sathisaran I, Dalvi SV. Investigating Cocrystallization of Carbamazepine with Structurally Compatible Coformers: New Cocrystal and Eutectic Phases with Enhanced Dissolution. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:29. [PMID: 33404968 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, carbamazepine (CBZ), an anticonvulsant drug was cocrystallized with several structurally complement coformers (coformers with amide, acid and hydrazide functional groups) to enhance its dissolution. CBZ formed a cocrystal phase with acetamide (ACE) when mixtures of CBZ and ACE (containing CBZ mole fractions, XCBZ of 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, and 0.67) were subjected to solid-state grinding (SSG), evaporative crystallization (EC), slurry conversion (SC), and slow cooling crystallization (SLC). Upon heating, the CBZ-ACE cocrystal phase formed from CBZ-ACE mixtures containing XCBZ of 0.25, 0.33 and 0.67 underwent solid-state phase transition to CBZ form I and CBZ cocrytsal phase obtained from the CBZ-ACE mixture containing XCBZ of 0.5 converted to CBZ form III. Interestingly, slow cooling cocrystallization experiments resulted in crystallization of a cocrystal as well as the CBZ dihydrate forms. The powder dissolution studies demonstrated that among the different CBZ-ACE-SSG cocrystal phases, CBZ-ACE-SSG-XCBZ-0.33 cocrystal exhibited 7.47 times improved dissolution whereas the CBZ eutectic phase with nicotinic acid hydrazide (NAH) exhibited 4.93 times increased dissolution when compared to raw CBZ.
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14
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Moreira M, Sarraguça M. How can oral paediatric formulations be improved? A challenge for the XXI century. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Sathisaran I, Devidas Bhatia D, Vishvanath Dalvi S. New curcumin-trimesic acid cocrystal and anti-invasion activity of curcumin multicomponent solids against 3D tumor models. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119667. [PMID: 32702448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class IV drug with poor aqueous solubility and low permeability. The dissolution of CUR can be enhanced through the cocrystallization approach. In this work, we report a new cocrystal phase of CUR with trimesic acid (TMA) with the enhanced dissolution of CUR. Cytotoxicity and cell invasion assays were conducted on (2D) monolayers and three-dimensional (3D) tumor models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, MDA-MB-231 using the new CUR-TMA cocrystal phase along with different CUR solid forms prepared in our previous works. The cytotoxicity and internalization assays conducted on 2D monolayers indicated that all CUR multicomponent solid forms except Curcumin-Folic Acid Dihydrate (CUR-FAD) (1:1) coamorphous solid exhibited enhanced bioavailability than unprocessed CUR. Cell invasion assay conducted on 3D tumor spheroid models showed that Curcumin-Hydroxyquinol (CUR-HXQ) cocrystal completely inhibited cell invasion whereas CUR-FAD (1:1) coamorphous solid induced enhanced invasion of cells from spheroid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Sathisaran
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Dhiraj Devidas Bhatia
- Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Sameer Vishvanath Dalvi
- Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India.
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16
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Roy P, Ghosh A. Mechanochemical cocrystallization to improve the physicochemical properties of chlorzoxazone. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystals of chlorzoxazone prepared by mechanochemical cocrystallization with picolinic acid to improve the physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi
- India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology
- Birla Institute of Technology
- Ranchi
- India
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