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Ajayi T, Lough AJ, Morris RH. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Chromium(III) Complexes Containing Bidentate PN and Tridentate P-NH-P and P-NH-P' Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19690-19699. [PMID: 38708235 PMCID: PMC11064035 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Chromium(III) complexes bearing bidentate {NH2(CH2)2PPh2: PN, (S,S)-[NH2(CHPh)2PPh2]: P'N} and tridentate [Ph2P(CH2)2N(H)(CH2)2PPh2: P-NH-P, (S,S)-(iPr)2PCH2CH2N(H)CH(Ph)CH(Ph)PPh2: P-NH-P'] ligands have been synthesized using a mechanochemical approach. The complexes {cis-[Cr(PN)Cl2]Cl (1), cis-[Cr(P'N)Cl2]Cl (2), mer-Cr(P-NH-P)Cl3 (3), and mer-Cr(P-NH-P')Cl3 (4)} were obtained in high yield (95-97%) via the grinding of the respective ligands andthe solid Cr(III) ion precursor [CrCl3(THF)3] with the aid of a pestle and mortar, followed by recrystallization in acetonitrile. The isolated complexes are high spin. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of 2 revealed a cationic chromium complex with two P'N ligands in a cis configuration with P' trans to P' with chloride as the counteranion. The X-ray study of 4 shows a neutral Cr(III) complex with the P-NH-P' ligand in a mer configuration. The difference in molecular structures and bulkiness of the ligands influence the electronic, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of the complexes as exhibited by the bathochromic shifts in the electronic absorption peaks of the complexes and the relative increase in the magnetic moment of 3 (4.19 μβ) and 4 (4.15 μβ) above the spin only value (3.88 μβ) for a d3 electronic configuration. Complexes 1-4 were found to be inactive in the hydrogenation of an aldimine [(E)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-phenylmethanimine] under a variety of activating conditions. The addition of magnesium and trimethylsilyl chloride in THF did cause hydrogenation at room temperature, but this occurred even in the absence of the chromium complex. The hydrogen in the amine product came from the THF solvent in this novel reaction, as determined by deuterium incorporation into the product when deuterated THF was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomilola
J. Ajayi
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto M5S3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan J. Lough
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto M5S3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto M5S3H6, Ontario, Canada
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Geetha Priya C, Venkatraman BR, Arockiaraj I, Sowrirajan S, Elangovan N, Islam MS, Mahalingam SM. Antimicrobial activity prediction, inter- and intramolecular charge transfer investigation, reactivity analysis and molecular docking studies of adenine derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37978905 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2281636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of the density functional theory (DFT) methodology has developed as a highly efficient method for investigating molecular structure and vibrational spectra, and it is increasingly being employed in various applications relating to biological systems. This study focuses on conducting investigations, both experimental and computed, to analyze the molecular structure, electronic properties and features of (E)-4-(((9H-purin-6-yl)imino)methyl)-2-methoxyphenol (ANVA). The expression ANVA should be rewritten as follows: the compound is a derivative of adenine (primary amine), specifically a vanillin (aldehyde). The present study reports the synthesis, characterization, DFT, docking and antimicrobial activity of ANVA. The optimization of the molecular structure was conducted, and the determination of its structural features was performed using DFT with the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ method. The vibrational assignments were determined in detail by analyzing the potential energy distribution. A strong correlation was observed between the spectra that were observed and the spectra that were calculated. The calculation of intramolecular charge transfer was performed using natural bond orbital analysis. In addition, several computational methods were employed, including highest occupied molecular orbital-least unoccupied molecular orbital analysis, molecular electrostatic potential calculations, non-linear optical, reduced density gradient, localization orbital locator and electron localization function analysis. This paper examines the present use of adenine derivatives in combatting bacterial and fungal infections, as well as the inclusion of spectral and quantum chemical calculations in the discussion.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geetha Priya
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B R Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - I Arockiaraj
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sowrirajan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Elangovan
- Research Centre for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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2,4-Bis(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane 2,4-disulfide and its derivatives: Syntheses, structural characterizations, anticancer activities, and theoretical studies on some dithiophosphonato Ni(II) complex. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bulat E, Sağlam EG, Zeyrek CT, Akkoç S, Zorlu Y, Dal H. Ni(II) complexes with 1,3,2,4‐dithiadiphosphetane 2,4‐disulfide‐based ligands: Structural insights, theoretical studies, and anticancer activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bulat
- Department of Chemistry Yozgat Bozok University Yozgat Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Marmara University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul Gazi Sağlam
- Department of Chemistry Yozgat Bozok University Yozgat Turkey
- Department of Chemistry Marmara University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Celal Tuğrul Zeyrek
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques Çankırı Karatekin University Çankırı Turkey
| | - Senem Akkoç
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science Süleyman Demirel University Isparta Turkey
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science Bahcesehir University İstanbul Turkey
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University Gebze Turkey
| | - Hakan Dal
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques Anadolu University Eskişehir Turkey
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5
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Synthesis, spectroscopic (13C/1H-NMR, FT-IR) investigations, quantum chemical modelling (FMO, MEP, NBO analysis), and antioxidant activity of the bis-benzimidazole molecule. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Jayashankar J, Hema M, Mahmoudi G, Masoudiasl A, Dušek M, Montazerozohori M, Karthik C, Lokanath N. N,N'-bis(2-bromobenzylidene)-2,2′-diaminodiphenyldisulfide (BBDD): Insights of crystal structure, DFT, QTAIM, PASS, ADMET and Molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Eno EA, Louis H, Unimuke TO, Agwamba EC, Etim AT, Mbonu JI, Edet HO, Egemoye T, Adegoke KA, Ameuru US. Photovoltaic properties of novel reactive azobenzoquinolines: experimental and theoretical investigations. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, synthesis, characterization, DFT, TD-DFT study of some novel reactive azobenzoquinoline dye structures to elucidate their photovoltaic properties. The azobenzoquinoline compounds were experimentally synthesized through a series of reaction routes starting from acenaphthene to obtained aminododecylnaphthalimide and finally coupled with diazonium salts to get the desired azobenzoquinoline. Azo dye synthesized differ in the number of alkyl chains designated as (AR1, AR2, AR3, and AR4) which were experimentally analyzed using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. The synthesized structures were modelled for computational investigation using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) combined with B3LYP and 6-31+G(d) basis set level of theory. The results showed that the HOMO-LUMO energy gap was steady at approximately 2.8 eV as the alkyl chain increases, which has been proven to be within the material energy gap limit for application in photovoltaic. The highest intramolecular natural bond orbital (NBO) for the studied compounds is 27.60, 55.06, 55.06, and 55.04 kcal/mol for AR1, AR2, AR3, and AR4 respectively and the donor and acceptor interacting orbitals for the highest stabilization energy (E
(2)) are LP(1)N
18 and π*C
16−O
19 respectively. The photovoltaic properties in terms of light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), Short circuit current density (J
SC), Gibbs free energy of injection (ΔG
inj), open-circuit voltage (V
OC) and Gibbs free energy of regeneration (ΔG
reg) were evaluated to be within the required limit for DSSC design. Overall, the obtained theoretical photovoltaic results were compared with other experimental and computational findings, thus, are in excellent agreement for organic solar cell design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ededet A. Eno
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Tomsmith O. Unimuke
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Ernest C. Agwamba
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Clifford University , Owerrinta , Abia State , Nigeria
| | - Anita T. Etim
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Justina I. Mbonu
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Petroleum Resources Efurun , Efurun , Delta State , Nigeria
| | - Henry O. Edet
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - ThankGod Egemoye
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, University of Calabar , Calabar , Nigeria
| | - Kayode A. Adegoke
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , South Africa
| | - Umar S. Ameuru
- Department of polymer and Textile Engineering , Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria
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Synthesis, theoretical and experimental spectroscopic properties, molecular docking, ADMET, and RDG analysis of copper(II) complex of dichloro(1,10-phenanthroline)(1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxcylic acid). CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT studies of N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl) methanimine. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Louis H, Onyebuenyi IB, Odey JO, Igbalagh AT, Mbonu MT, Eno EA, Pembere AMS, Offiong OE. Synthesis, characterization, and theoretical studies of the photovoltaic properties of novel reactive azonitrobenzaldehyde derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28433-28446. [PMID: 35480716 PMCID: PMC9038037 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All dyes conduct but at different degrees of absorption; it is interesting to study the degree of conductivity and absorptivity of novel reactive azo-dyes in respect to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to ascertain their viability for such applications. In this study, four novel reactive azo-dyes were experimentally synthesized from p-aminobenzaldehyde, 4-amino-3-nitrobenzaldehyde, and aniline through series of condensation and coupling reactions. The various functional groups, molecular connectivities, and molecular weight of the various fragments of the synthesized dyes were elucidated using the GC-MS, FT-IR, UV-vis, and NMR respectively. The experimentally determined structures were modeled and investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approaches to computationally compute the electronic structure properties, reactivity, absorption and solvatochromism in four different phases: gas, ethanol, acetone, and water, and the photovoltaic properties for possible applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By comparing the HOMO (E H) and the LUMO (E L) energies from the results obtained demonstrates that dye D has the highest E L energy value of -2.48 eV with a relatively lowest E H energy value of -5.63 eV such that it lies underneath the conduction band edge of TiO2 which is necessary to enable charge regeneration. Pi-electron delocalization was observed from the natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations between the different aromatic rings with dye B and A having the relatively highest and least second-order stabilization energies between σ* → σ* and LP* → LP interacting orbitals respectively. It is also observed in all the solvents that the Gibbs free energy of injection (ΔG inject) is greater than 0.2 eV and hence, all the studied azo structures in the four phases provided efficient electron injection and light harvesting efficiency (LHE), however, the value of ΔG inject for dyes B and D is greatest in all the four phases and thus, provided the highest electron injection of all the dyes. From the fact-findings of quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM), dyes A and C have extra-stability due to their relatively high numbers of intramolecular H-bond interactions along with some additional intra-atomic bonding between atoms within the studied compounds. Hence, all the four dyes are good for DSSCs applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitler Louis
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Izubundu B Onyebuenyi
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Joseph O Odey
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Azuaga T Igbalagh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federal University of Wukari Wukari Nigeria
| | - MaryJane T Mbonu
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Ededet A Eno
- Computational and Bio-Simulation Research Group, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
| | - Anthony M S Pembere
- Department of Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya
| | - Offiong E Offiong
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria
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Agwupuye JA, Neji PA, Louis H, Odey JO, Unimuke TO, Bisiong EA, Eno EA, Utsu PM, Ntui TN. Investigation on electronic structure, vibrational spectra, NBO analysis, and molecular docking studies of aflatoxins and selected emerging mycotoxins against wild-type androgen receptor. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07544. [PMID: 34345733 PMCID: PMC8319581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The geometry, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), vibrational, NBO analysis, and molecular docking simulations of aflatoxins (B1, B2, M1, M2, G1, G2), zearalenone (ZEA) emodin (EMO), alternariol (AOH), alternariol monoethyl ether (AMME), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) mycotoxins have been extensively theoretically studied and discussed based on quantum density functional theory calculations using Gaussian 16 software package. The theoretical computation for the geometry optimization, NBOs, and the molecular docking interaction was conducted using Density Functional Theory with B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), NBO program, and AutoDock Vina tools respectively. Charge delocalization patterns and second-order perturbation energies of the most interacting natural bond orbitals (NBOs) of these mycotoxins have also been computed and predicted. Interestingly, among the mycotoxins investigated, aflatoxin G1 is seen to give the strongest stabilization energy while Zearalenone shows the highest tendency to accept electron(s) and emodin, an emerging mycotoxin gave the best binding pose within the androgen receptor pocket with a mean binding affinity of -7.40 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Agwupuye
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Peter A. Neji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Computational Quantum Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Joseph O. Odey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Tomsmith O. Unimuke
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel A. Bisiong
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ededet A. Eno
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Patrick M. Utsu
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Tabe N. Ntui
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
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Berradj O, Bougherra H, Adkhis A, Amrouche T, Amraoui NE, Hammoutène D. Synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal decomposition, DFT studies and antibacterial activity of uracil cobalt(III)dimethylglyoximato complexes. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Takouachet R, Benali-Cherif R, Bendeif EE, Jelsch C, Cherif FY, Rahmouni A, Benali-Cherif N. The supramolecular behavior and molecular recognition of adeninium cations on anionic hydrogen selenite/diselenite frameworks: A structural and theoretical analysis. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Synthesis, antioxidant, DNA cleavage and antimicrobial properties of phthalocyanine complexes bearing the poly-hydroxyl groups. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Yusuf TL, Ibeji CU, van Zyl WE. Nickel(II) complexes from phosphor-dichalcogenide (P/Se2 and P/S2) type ligands: Synthesis, structure and theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions in the thiourea/water complexes (Thio-(H 2O) n) (n = 1, …, 5): X-ray, DFT, NBO, AIM, and RDG analyses. J Mol Model 2020; 26:161. [PMID: 32472203 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to experimentally and theoretically examine the nature and energy of intermolecular bond interactions between thiourea and water molecules using natural bond orbital (NBO), non-linear optical (NLO), atoms in molecules (AIM), and reduced density gradient (RDG) analyses based on the quantum chemical approach and spectroscopic analysis on X-ray and FTIR. Geometry optimizations of Thio-(H2O)1-5 complexes were carried out in the gas phase by B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of density functional theory. The nature of the molecular interactions between the water and thiourea through hydrogen bonding has been investigated using RDG and AIM methods. NBO analysis shows that the Thio-(H2O)5 complex has higher stabilization energy values than the other complexes. The non-linear optical properties, such as dipole moment (μ), the polarizability (α0), and the first hyperpolarizability (βtot), and thermodynamic functions, such as entropy (S), specific heat capacity (Cv), and thermal energy (E), were calculated using the same method. It was observed that thermodynamic parameters, polarizability, and the first hyperpolarizability increased with the number of water molecules. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that thiourea is single crystal, and the thiourea/water complexes are crystalline in nature. Besides, the infrared spectrum shows the existence of water molecules and it is used to get details of the structure of the complex.
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