1
|
Özten Ö, Kuznetsov AE, Gokce M, Erkan S, Bulut E, Taskin OS, Zengin Kurt B, Yıldız MZ, Sobotta L, Güzel E. Assessing cytotoxic activities, theoretical and in silico molecular docking calculations of phthalocyanines bearing cinnamyloxy-groups. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37794772 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2265503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been recognized as one of the deadliest diseases in the world in recent years. By chemically tailoring specific properties, anticancer agents can be prepared very effectively for the treatment of various cancer types. In this manner, as anticancer agents, a series of soluble metal-free and metallophthalocyanines carrying cinnamyloxy-groups at peripheral β-positions have been prepared. All synthesized phthalocyanines were characterized by various spectroscopic approaches such as ultraviolet - visible (UV - Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and matrix-assisted laser deionization/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques. These compounds are highly soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and soluble in common organic solvents. The spectroscopic properties, cytotoxicity, and theoretical calculations of these complexes have been investigated. In cytotoxicity tests, compounds 1, 4, and 7 are the most active against HT-29 cell lines with IC50 values of 36.9 μM, 32.5 μM, and 51.1 μM, respectively. Also, the most and the least cytotoxic compounds against healthy CCD cell line is compounds 5 and 6 with the IC50 value of 13.4 μM and >250 μM, respectively. The PDB ID:4BQG target protein representing the HT-29 cancer cell line and the anti-cancer activities of phthalonitrile and its phthalocyanines were supported by molecular docking studies. Density Functional Theory (DFT) study supported the experimental results, including the spectral data, and implied that the compounds 5-7 are comparable by their characteristics, such as electronic properties, optical properties, electrostatic potentials, reactivity parameters, with the earlier studied compounds 2-4, which were successfully proved to be good candidates for cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Özge Özten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Türkiye
- Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center (BIYOTAM), Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Aleksey E Kuznetsov
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mustafa Gokce
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sultan Erkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Emrah Bulut
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Omer Suat Taskin
- Department of Chemical Oceanography, Institute of Marine Science and Management, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Belma Zengin Kurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Zahid Yıldız
- Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center (BIYOTAM), Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Türkiye
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Emre Güzel
- Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center (BIYOTAM), Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Türkiye
- Department of Engineering Fundamental Sciences, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gai S, Wang X, Zhang R, Zeng K, Miao S, Wu Y, Wang B. A controllably fabricated polypyrrole nanorods network by doping a tetra-β-carboxylate cobalt phthalocyanine tetrasodium salt for enhanced ammonia sensing at room temperature. RSC Adv 2023; 13:13725-13734. [PMID: 37152582 PMCID: PMC10158350 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00103b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology adjustment and functional doping optimization of polypyrrole (PPy) are of great significance in improving its gas sensing performance. Here, the PPy-0.5TcCoPc nanorods with a uniform dispersed 3-D network were prepared using one-step in situ polymerization using the electrostatic interaction between dopant counterion substituents in tetra-β-carboxylate cobalt phthalocyanine tetrasodium salt (TcCoPcTs) with larger space structure and pyrrole (Py) molecules, in which TcCoPcTs is not only used as a dopant molecule crosslinking PPy chains to obtain a 3-D network, thus improving the conductivity, but also as a sensor accelerator to improve the gas-sensing performance. The resulting PPy-TcCoPc hybrid exhibits superior NH3-sensing properties than PPy and tetra-β-carboxylate cobalt phthalocyanine (TcCoPc) under the same test conditions, especially the PPy-0.5TcCoPc sensor shows ultrafast response/recovery time to 50 ppm NH3 (8.1 s/370.8 s), low detection limit of 8.1 ppb and excellent gas selectivity at room temperature (20 °C). Besides, the PPy-0.5TcCoPc sensor also maintains superior response (49.3% to 50 ppm NH3), humidity resistance and conspicuous stability over 45 days. The excellent NH3-sensing performance of the PPy-0.5TcCoPc hybrid arises from the excellent gas selectivity of TcCoPc, the remarkable response mechanism between PPy and NH3, the high electrical conductivity, abundant active sites and good electron transport ability of the unique 3-D network with large specific surface area. The morphology regulation and functional doping optimization strategy of TcCoPcTs doped PPy broaden the research direction of ideal gas sensor materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Gai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology Harbin 150050 P. R. China
| | - Runze Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Kun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Shoulei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| | - Yiqun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences P.O. Box 800216 Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Novel Short PEG Chain-Substituted Porphyrins: Synthesis, Photochemistry, and In Vitro Photodynamic Activity against Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710029. [PMID: 36077451 PMCID: PMC9456001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis and characterization of metal-free, zinc (II), and cobalt (II) porphyrins substituted with short PEG chains. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The origin of the absorption bands for tested compounds in the UV-Vis range was determined using a computational model based on the electron density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent variant (TD-DFT). The photosensitizing activity was evaluated by measuring the ability to generate singlet oxygen (ΦΔ), which reached values up to 0.54. The photodynamic activity was tested using bladder (5637), prostate (LNCaP), and melanoma (A375) cancer cell lines. In vitro experiments clearly showed the structure-activity relationship regarding types of substituents, their positions in the phenyl ring, and the variety of central metal ions on the porphyrin core. Notably, the metal-free derivative 3 and its zinc derivative 6 exerted strong cytotoxic activity toward 5637 cells, with IC50 values of 8 and 15 nM, respectively. None of the tested compounds induced a cytotoxic effect without irradiation. In conclusion, these results highlight the potential value of the tested compounds for PDT application.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Klingler W, Giger N, Schneider L, Babu V, König C, Spielmann P, Wenger RH, Ferrari S, Spingler B. Low-Dose Near-Infrared Light-Activated Mitochondria-Targeting Photosensitizers for PDT Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179525. [PMID: 36076920 PMCID: PMC9455738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are promising candidates for photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their absorption in the phototherapeutic window. However, the highly aromatic Pc core leads to undesired aggregation and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Therefore, short PEG chain functionalized A3B type asymmetric Pc photosensitizers (PSs) were designed in order to decrease aggregation and increase the aqueous solubility. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, optical properties, cellular localization, and cytotoxicity of three novel Pc-based agents (LC31, MLC31, and DMLC31Pt). The stepwise functionalization of the peripheral moieties has a strong effect on the distribution coefficient (logP), cellular uptake, and localization, as well as photocytotoxicity. Additional experiments have revealed that the presence of the malonic ester moiety in the reported agent series is indispensable in order to induce photocytotoxicity. The best-performing agent, MLC31, showed mitochondrial targeting and an impressive phototoxic index (p.i.) of 748 in the cisplatin-resistant A2780/CP70 cell line, after a low-dose irradiation of 6.95 J/cm2. This is the result of a high photocytotoxicity (IC50 = 157 nM) upon irradiation with near-infrared (NIR) light, and virtually no toxicity in the dark (IC50 = 117 μM). Photocytotoxicity was subsequently determined under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, a preliminarily pathway investigation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) disruption and induction of apoptosis by MLC31 was carried out. Our results underline how agent design involving both hydrophilic and lipophilic peripheral groups may serve as an effective way to improve the PDT efficiency of highly aromatic PSs for NIR light-mediated cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Wu Klingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers, Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Giger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vipin Babu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane König
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Spielmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland H. Wenger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (B.S.); Tel.: +41-44-635-46-56 (B.S.)
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (B.S.); Tel.: +41-44-635-46-56 (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Solğun DG, Yıldıko Ü, Ağırtaş MS. Synthesis, DFT Calculations, Photophysical, Photochemical Properties of Peripherally Metallophthalocyanines Bearing (2-(Benzo[d] [1,3] Dioxol-5-Ylmethoxy) Phenoxy) Substituents. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1983618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Güngördü Solğun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Ümit Yıldıko
- Architecture and Engineering Faculty, Department of Bioengineering, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Ağırtaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sivrikaya Ozak S, Yılmaz Y. Ultrasound-assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based solid-liquid microextraction of Sudan dyes in spice samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 236:118353. [PMID: 32320916 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An environmentally friendly, simple method was carried out with the help of an ultrasonic assisted solid-liquid microextraction technique using a new deep eutectic solvent (DES) for the extraction and determination of Sudan dyes (I-IV) in spice samples. In this method, parameters affecting the optimization were researched and optimized such as DES composition, DES volume, ultrasonic time, temperature and, centrifuge time. The analytical performance of the developed method was quite satisfactory, the R2 values were higher than 0.9989, and the limits of quantification were <1.17 μg g-1. Two different concentrations (10-50 μg g-1) were spiked to Chili peppers, paprika, cumin and sumac spices for the applicability and accuracy of the developed microextraction method. Some of these spices were found to contain Sudan I and IV dyes. The recovery values for spiked samples were found to be between 85.55% and 99.29% and relative standard deviations were found to be <3.17% when using a 10 μg g-1 Sudan dyes concentration. The results showed that the developed method can be successfully applied for extraction and determination of Sudan dyes in spice samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sezen Sivrikaya Ozak
- Polymer Engineering Department, Technology Faculty, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
| | - Yunus Yılmaz
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Science, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|