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Sun Z, Zhou H, Hou J, Shen F, Guo X, Dai L. In-situ DRIFTS insights into the evolution of surface functionality of biochar upon thermal air oxidation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122582. [PMID: 39299126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Biochar surface functionality is crucial for its application. Herein, the evolution of biochar surface functionality upon thermal air oxidation (TAO) was investigated in-situ by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that, although the surface functionality of biochar is remarkably changed during TAO at the initial low temperature range, the biochar weight is still stable in the initial low temperature range, suggesting the chemisorption of O2 as intermediate oxygenated functional groups (OFGs) on biochar surface. Moreover, the evolution of biochar surface functionality upon TAO is highly affected on its preparation temperature and intrinsic minerals. Specifically, biochar produced at a high temperature is more resistant to TAO, and more favorable for the formation of ketone groups during TAO. While the biochars prepared at low or medium temperatures show a remarkable formation of carboxyl/lactone groups upon TAO, and the maximum temperature for the formation of carboxyl/lactone groups can be achieved at 400 °C. It's worth noting that the intrinsic minerals in biochar catalyze the TAO reaction, resulting in a much higher mass loss of biochar upon TAO. Furthermore, with the catalysis of intrinsic minerals, TAO is more suitable for enhancing the performance of biochar with intrinsic minerals. These results facilitate the design of engineered biochar via TAO for enhanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuozhuo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 610041, China; Research Center for Rural Energy and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 610041, China; Research Center for Rural Energy and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianhua Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Feng Shen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 31, Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xujing Guo
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Lichun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, 610041, China; Research Center for Rural Energy and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Gullifa G, Barone L, Papa E, Materazzi S, Risoluti R. On-Line Thermally Induced Evolved Gas Analysis: An Update-Part 2: EGA-FTIR. Molecules 2022; 27:8926. [PMID: 36558054 PMCID: PMC9788466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The on-line thermally induced evolved gas analysis (OLTI-EGA) is widely applied in many different fields. Aimed to update the applications, our group has systematically collected and published examples of EGA characterizations. Following the recently published review on EGA-MS applications, this second part reviews the latest applications of Evolved Gas Analysis performed by on-line coupling heating devices to infrared spectrometers (EGA-FTIR). The selected 2019, 2020, 2021 and early 2022 references are collected and briefly described in this review; these are useful to help researchers to easily find applications that are sometimes difficult to locate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Materazzi
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Risoluti
- Department of Chemistry, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Liu Z, Ku X, Jin H. Pyrolysis Mechanism of Wheat Straw Based on ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21075-21085. [PMID: 35755388 PMCID: PMC9218979 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomass has played an increasingly important role in the consumption of energy worldwide because of its renewability and carbon-neutral property. In this work, the pyrolysis mechanism of wheat straw is explored using reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations. A large-scale wheat straw model composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin is built. After model validation, the temporal evolutions of the main pyrolysis products under different temperatures are analyzed. As the temperature rises, the gas production increases and the tar yield can decrease after peaking. Relatively high temperatures accelerate the generation rates of the main gas and tar species. CO and CO2 molecules mainly come from the cleavage of CHO2 radicals, and numerous H2O molecules are generated on account of dehydration. Moreover, the evolution of six functional groups and pyran and phenyl rings as well as three types of bonds is also presented. It is observed that the phenyl rings reflect improved thermostability. Finally, the pyrolytic kinetics analysis is conducted, and the estimated activation energy of wheat straw pyrolysis is found to be 56.19 kJ/mol. All these observations can help deeply understand the pyrolytic mechanism of wheat straw biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoke Ku
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanhui Jin
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, 310027 Hangzhou, China
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