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Kazim M, Feng Z, Vemulapalli S, Siegler MA, Chopra A, Minh Nguyen P, Gargiulo Holl M, Guan L, Dudding T, Tantillo DJ, Lectka T. Through-Space, Lone-Pair Promoted Aromatic Substitution: A Relay Mechanism Can Beat Out Direct Activation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301550. [PMID: 37219499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a detailed experimental and theoretical analysis of through-space arene activation with halogens, tetrazoles and achiral esters and amides. Contrary to previously assumed direct activation through σ-complex stabilization, our results suggest that these reactions proceed by a relay mechanism wherein the lone pair-containing activators form exothermic π-complexes with electrophilic nitronium ion before transferring it to the probe ring through low barrier transition states. Noncovalent interactions (NCI) plots and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) analyses depict favorable interactions between the Lewis base (LB) and the nitronium ion in the precomplexes and the transition states, suggesting directing group participation throughout the mechanism. The regioselectivity of substitution also comports with a relay mechanism. In all, these data pave the way for an alternate platform of electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kazim
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Current address: Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Srini Vemulapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Anant Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Phuong Minh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Maxwell Gargiulo Holl
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Liangyu Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Putro PA, Maddu A, Hardhienata H, Isnaeni I, Ahmad F, Dipojono HK. Revealing the incorporation of an NH 2 group into the edge of carbon dots for H 2O 2 sensing via the C-N⋯H hydrogen bond interaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2606-2617. [PMID: 36602293 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing on NH2-functionalized carbon dots (Cdots) for three different -NH2 positions, and the N atom was found to be the active site using a quantum computational approach. B3LYP and 6-31G(d,p) were used for density functional theory (DFT) ground state calculations, whereas CAM-B3LYP and the same basis set were used in time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) excited state calculations. Structural optimization showed that the H2O2 is chemisorbed on 1-sim via a C-N⋯H hydrogen bond interaction with an adsorption energy of -10.61 kcal mol-1. Mulliken atomic charge distributions and electrostatic potential (ESP) analysis were both used to determine reactivity of the molecules at the atomic level. For in-depth analysis of the ground states, we utilized Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and non-covalent interaction (NCI) index analysis. In addition, we also present UV-vis absorption spectra and charge transfer lengths to understand the mechanism of H2O2 sensing in excited states. Based on the molecular and electronic properties of the NH2-Cdots, it was shown that 1-sim is a potential candidate for use as an electrochemical sensor for H2O2 sensing. Whereas 3-sim is believed to be a potential candidate for use as an optical sensor of H2O2 based on the UV-vis characteristics via photoinduced charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Permono Adi Putro
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia. .,Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universitas Mandiri, Subang, 41211, Indonesia
| | - Akhiruddin Maddu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Hendradi Hardhienata
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Isnaeni Isnaeni
- Research Center for Photonics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
| | - Faozan Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Hermawan Kresno Dipojono
- Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia.,Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
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Oliveira BGD. Why much of Chemistry may be indisputably non-bonded? SEMINA: CIÊNCIAS EXATAS E TECNOLÓGICAS 2023. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n2p211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this compendium, the wide scope of all intermolecular interactions ever known has been revisited, in particular giving emphasis the capability of much of the elements of the periodic table to form non-covalent contacts. Either hydrogen bonds, dihydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, pnictogen bonds, chalcogen bonds, triel bonds, tetrel bonds, regium bonds, spodium bonds or even the aerogen bond interactions may be cited. Obviously that experimental techniques have been used in some works, but it was through the theoretical methods that these interactions were validate, wherein the QTAIM integrations and SAPT energy partitions have been useful in this regard. Therefore, the great goal concerns to elucidate the interaction strength and if the intermolecular system shall be total, partial or non-covalently bonded, wherein this last one encompasses the most majority of the intermolecular interactions what leading to affirm that chemistry is debatably non-bonded.
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Abisha W, Dhas DA, Balachandran S, Joe IH. Synthesis, Structural, and Quantum Chemical Spectroscopic, Hydrogen Bonding, and Molecular Docking Investigation of Antifungal Compound Pyrazole-Pyrazolium Picrate. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2149571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Abisha
- Department of Physics, Research Centre, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, India
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, India
| | - D. Arul Dhas
- Department of Physics, Research Centre, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, India
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S. Balachandran
- Department of Chemistry, NSS College Ottapalam, Palakkad, India
| | - I. Hubert Joe
- Department of Physics, Centre for Molecular and Biophysics Research, Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvanathapuram, India
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Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel 2-aminopridinium nicotinate invitro antifungal, insilico ADME and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Radder SB, Melavanki R, Hiremath SM, Kusanur R, Khemalapure SS, Jeyaseelan SC. Synthesis, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR & UV-Vis), reactive (ELF, LOL, Fukui), drug likeness and molecular docking insights on novel 4-[3-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-propenyl]-benzonitrile by experimental and computational methods. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08429. [PMID: 34877424 PMCID: PMC8632848 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectroscopic analysis such as FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis and NMR are conducted for the synthesized molecule by both experimental and theoretical approach. The theoretical computations were achieved by DFT method with B3LYP functional and 6-311 ++ G (d, P) basis set. Firstly the geometrical parameters obtained by DFT are compared with the related experimental parameters. Experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecule have been acquired. The vibrational analysis is conducted and the assignments concerned to the observed bands are mentioned through the potential energy distribution (PED). The GIAO method was employed for theoretical NMR analysis and the results are compared with experimental chemical shifts. In accumulation to these analyses NLO, NBO, FMO and MEP analysis have been conducted to understand the nature of the molecule. ELF and LOL were performed. The drug likeness and molecular docking studies also conducted. The potency of inhibition of molecule against MPRO and PLPRO receptors has been performed using molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaraj B. Radder
- Department of Physics, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560054, Karnataka, India
- Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, 590018, Karnataka, India
| | - Raveendra Melavanki
- Department of Physics, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, 560054, Karnataka, India
- Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, 590018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir M. Hiremath
- Department of P.G. Studies in Physics, KLE Society's J.T. College, Gadag, 582101, Karnataka, India
| | - Raviraj. Kusanur
- Department of Chemistry, R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560059, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema S. Khemalapure
- P.G. Department of Studies and Research in Physics, KLE Society's P.C. Jabin Science College, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
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Arulaabaranam K, Muthu S, Mani G, Irfan A. Conformational study, FT-IR, FT-Raman, solvent effect on UV–Vis, charge transfer and protein–ligand interactions of Methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxylate. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mohammad Alwi M, Normaya E, Ismail H, Iqbal A, Mat Piah B, Abu Samah MA, Ahmad MN. Two-Dimensional Infrared Correlation Spectroscopy, Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents, and Density Functional Theory Study on the Adsorption Mechanism of Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone for Effective Phenol Removal in an Aqueous Medium. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25179-25192. [PMID: 34632177 PMCID: PMC8495713 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of industrial effluents, such as phenol, into aquatic and soil environments is a global problem due to its serious negative impacts on human health and aquatic ecosystems. In this study, the ability of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) to remove phenol from an aqueous medium was investigated. The results showed that a significant proportion of phenol (up to 74.91%) was removed using PVPP at pH 6.5. Isotherm adsorption experiments of phenol on PVPP indicated that the best-fit adsorption was obtained using Langmuir models. The response peaks of the hydroxyl groups of phenol (OH) and the carboxyl groups (i.e., C=O) of PVPP were altered, indicating the formation of a hydrogen bond between the PVPP and phenol during phenol removal, as characterized using 1D and 2D IR spectroscopy. The resulting complexes were successfully characterized based on their thermodynamic properties, Mulliken charge, and electronic transition using the DFT approach. To clarify the types of interactions taking place in the complex systems, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis, reduced density gradient noncovalent interaction (RDG-NCI) approach, and conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) approach were also successfully calculated. The results showed that the interactions that occurred in the process of removing phenol by PVPP were through hydrogen bonding (based on RDG-NCI and COSMO-RS), which was identified as an intermediate type (∇2ρ(r) > 0 and H < 0, QTAIM). To gain a deeper understanding of how these interactions occurred, further characterization was performed based on adsorption mechanisms using molecular electrostatic potential, global reactivity, and local reactivity descriptors. The results showed that during hydrogen bond formation, PVPP acts as a nucleophile, whereas phenol acts as an electrophile and the O9 atom (i.e., donor electron) reacts with the H22 atom (i.e., acceptor electron).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Ammar Mohammad Alwi
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Erna Normaya
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- River
of Life (ROL) Kuantan Chapter, International
Islamic University of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Innovative
Toyyib Environment Minds (ITEMS), International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hakimah Ismail
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- School
of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bijarimi Mat Piah
- Faculty
of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Armi Abu Samah
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- River
of Life (ROL) Kuantan Chapter, International
Islamic University of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Innovative
Toyyib Environment Minds (ITEMS), International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad
- Experimental
and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- River
of Life (ROL) Kuantan Chapter, International
Islamic University of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Innovative
Toyyib Environment Minds (ITEMS), International Islamic University
of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
- Drug and
Poison Call Centre, IIUM Poison Centre, International Islamic University of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Wu YP, Wang Y, Li JH, Li RH, Wang J, Li SX, Gao XY, Dong L, Li AQ. Design, synthesis, herbicidal activity, in vivo enzyme activity evaluation and molecular docking study of acylthiourea derivatives as novel acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Suma N, Aruldhas D, Joe IH, Sasi BA, Anuf AR, Mol GS, Balachandran S, George J. Spectroscopic and molecular structure investigation of Propachlor herbicide: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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