Tailoring the ratio of ammonium chloride and graphitic carbon nitride for high photocatalytic activity

Graphitic carbon nitride-adorned PDMS self-cleaning floating photocatalyst for simultaneous removal of Rhodamine B, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green from a ternary dye mixture

Graphitic carbon nitride-adorned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) floating catalyst was prepared by a simple procedure. The prepared catalyst was utilized for the simultaneous mitigation of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as Rhodamine B, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green from their ternary mixture for the first time. Derivative spectroscopic method was used to calculate the degradation efficiencies of individual dyes in the mixture. The prepared catalyst showed a consistent degradation performance up to 4 cycles inducing a degradation of 94.02%, 92.1% and 97.13% of Rhodamine B, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green, respectively, in a dye(s) solution with a catalytic loading of 0.5 g L-1. A kinetic analysis of the dye(s) degradation under visible light was carried out during the course of this work up to 120 min. A detailed characterization of the surface of this novel catalyst was carried out in this study by SEM, EDX, XRD, DRS, DTG, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy and provided the experimental proof for the catalyst presenting high hydrophobicity, self-cleaning ability, good recyclability and high chemical stability.