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Huang L, Li XN, Shen Y, Song RH, Cui WB, Zhang H. Zinc tungstate encapsulated into a scarce Zn(II)-viologen framework with photochromic, electrochromic and chemochromic properties. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5192-5201. [PMID: 38381164 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03647b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Smart chromic materials reacting to physicochemical stimuli are widely applied in optical switches, smart windows, and chemical sensors. Currently, most materials only respond to a single stimulus, but those that respond to multiple external stimuli are still in the minority. Herein, we report a novel porous zinc tungstate@metaloxoviologen framework [Zn3(Bcbpy)6(H2O)2]-[ZnW12O40]·6H2O (ZnW12@MV, H2BcbpyCl2 = 1,1'-bis(3-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride), which shows multiple stimulus-responsive properties due to a combination of different functional motifs, namely, viologen electron acceptors, luminescent zinc-oxygen-clusters, porous cationic frameworks, and ZnW12O406- electron donors. Generally, the large-sized polyoxometalate (POM) anions serving as structure-directing agents can easily direct the formation of the oligomeric metaloxoviologen cations, mainly because POMs may break down some linkages leaving larger spaces for themselves. The large ZnW12O406- anions in ZnW12@MV are encapsulated into three-dimensional (3D) metaloxoviologen frameworks built up from the linkages of trinuclear zinc-oxygen clusters and Bcbpy viologens, which offer the first example of a 3D metaloxoviologen framework induced by large-sized POM anions. ZnW12@MV shows a reversible chromic response to X-ray/UV and electricity via different stimulus-induced electron transfers between electron-rich POM anions and electron-deficient metaloxoviologen frameworks, whereas the coloration changes are ascribed to the formation of radical and mixed-valence colored state ZnW12O406- species. The photochromic behavior is accompanied by photoluminescence quenching. The discriminative response to different-sized amines is attributed to the formation of viologen radicals through host-guest electron transfer. These results indicate that the multi-stimulus response ZnW12@MV can be applied in electrochromic devices, inkless erasable printing, and the detection of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China.
| | - Run-Hong Song
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China.
| | - Wen-Bo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China.
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Yu S, Liu T, Ying J, Tian A, Yang M, Wang X. A series of isopolymolybdate-viologen hybrids with photo-, thermo- and electro-chromic properties. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16631-16639. [PMID: 37888872 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02928j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The combination of electron-deficient viologen ligands with electron-rich POMs is a typical acceptor-donor system that has recently received much attention. Under solvothermal and hydrothermal conditions, by introducing three symmetric viologen ligands into POM-based hybrid materials, we successfully constructed four POMs-viologen inorganic-organic hybrid compounds, namely (1,3-bcbpy)2·(δ-Mo8O26) (1) (1,3-bcbpy·2Cl = 1,1'-bis(3-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridine dichloride), {CoII(1,4-bcbpy)2(H2O)2[H2(β-Mo8O26)]}·2H2O·2CH2O (2), (1,4-bcbpy)2·(δ-Mo8O26)·2H2O (3) (1,4-bcbpy·2Cl = 1,1'-bis(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridine dichloride, CH2O = formaldehyde), and {CuII(1,1-pmbby)2(H2O)[H2(β-Mo8O26)2]}·5H2O·C2H7N (4) (1,1-pmbby·2Cl = 1,1'-[1,4-phenylbis(methylene)]bis-(4,4'-bipyridine)dichloride, C2H7N = dimethylamine). These four compounds exhibit different fascinating structures, especially compound 4 is a typical metal-organic framework. Compounds 1-4 exhibit good discoloration behaviors under various external stimuli. For example, compounds 1-4 showed a positive response to the irradiation from a 300 W Xe lamp. When a positive voltage was applied to the ECD based on compounds 1-4, 1/2/3/4-ECD underwent a significant color conversion. What's more, compound 4 also showed obvious discoloration results after heating. In a word, 1-4 are multifunctional discoloration materials under different external stimuli. In addition, the coated filter paper prepared based on compound 3 can be used as a new printing material medium and can be successfully applied in erasable inkless printing and dual anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jun Ying
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Aixiang Tian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Mengle Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, P. R. China.
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Chen C, Liu J, Sun Z, Yang S, Yuan S, Han H. A Zn (II)-viologen MOF material: photochromic, photoswitchable luminescent properties and UV sensing. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Li HS, Xing SH, Xiao Y, Wang C, Guan QL, Bai FY, Xing YH, Xu F. Stimulus-Responsive Lanthanide MOF Materials Encapsulated with Viologen Derivatives: Characterization, Photophysical Properties and Sensing on Nitrophenols. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202810. [PMID: 36259457 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Viologens (1,1'-disubstituted 4,4'-bipyridyls) possessing electron-deficient properties and redox activity are a class of suitable chromophores to assemble metal-organic hybrid photochromic materials. Thus, viologen-functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention for their photochromic properties; however, the syntheses of lanthanide-viologen hybrid crystalline photochromic materials still face many challenges. For example, the structures and properties of the final products are difficult to predict and are limited by molecular configurations. In this work, host-guest composite-material Ln-NH2 BDC-pbpy MOFs were constructed by encapsulating viologen derivative pbpyCl2 . The pbpy2+ moieties are uniformly embed by their π-π conjugation in the pores of the 3D structure by electrostatic interactions. Due to the encapsulation of the chromophore pbpy2+ moieties, Ln-NH2 BDC-pbpy MOFs have reversible photochromic properties: they can change color after irradiation and can return to the original color after being protected from light or heating. Interestingly, the fluorescence intensity decreases with illumination time and recovers in the dark. As a result, Ln-NH2 BDC-pbpy MOFs show both photochromic and photomodulated fluorescence. Based on the outstanding fluorescence performance of the Ln-NH2 BDC-pbpy MOFs, they also show a wonderful effect for detecting nitrophenols, especially TNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian City, 116029, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Hua Xing
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Qinggongyuan1, Dalian, 116034, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian City, 116029, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian City, 116029, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Lin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian City, 116029, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Ying Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian City, 116029, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Heng Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Huanghe Road 850#, Dalian City, 116029, P.R. China
| | - Fen Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Jinji Road 1#, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
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Two new Co(II) coordination polymers based on redox-active ligands: Structure, Chromism and Magnetism. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.129948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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