Synthesis, crystal growth, structural, spectral, laser threshold energy and dielectric properties of lithium L-tartrate monohydrate crystal

Two Acentric Zn-Based l-Tartrates with Moderate Second Harmonic Generation Responses and Large Birefringence

The discovery of novel organic-inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal materials holds great potential in advancing laser science and technology as they offer a wide range of benefits including easy synthesis, structural versatility, and high hyperpolarizability. Herein, the integration of l-tartaric acid (L-C4H6O6) and ZnSO4 gave rise to two acentric Zn-based organic-inorganic hybrid crystals, namely, Zn2(H2O)2(C4H4O6)2·3H2O (Zn-LT) and Zn2(H2O)(C4H4O6)(C4H6O6)(SO4)·4H2O (Zn-LTS). They both feature layered structures constructed by [ZnO6] octahedron, l-C4H6O6/l-C4H4O62-, water molecule, or [SO4] tetrahedron. Interestingly, they possess moderate second-order NLO effects of 0.28 × KH2PO4 (Zn-LT) and 0.57 × KH2PO4 (Zn-LTS), large birefringence of 0.075 (Zn-LT) and 0.069 (Zn-LTS), suggesting that the introduction of [SO4] groups with intrinsically weak polarizability and weak optical anisotropy induces the enhancement of the NLO effect while without reducing birefringence much. In addition, both of them display UV cutoff edges near 210 nm, indicating their potential as NLO crystals applied in the UV and solar-blind region.