Synthesis, antibacterial evaluation and computational studies of new acridone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids

An updated review on 1,2,3-/1,2,4-triazoles: synthesis and diverse range of biological potential

The synthesis of triazoles has attracted a lot of interest in the field of organic chemistry because of its versatile chemical characteristics and possible biological uses. This review offers an extensive overview of the different pathways used in the production of triazoles. A detailed analysis of recent research indicates that triazole compounds have a potential range of pharmacological activities, including the ability to inhibit enzymes, and have antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal activities. The integration of computational and experimental methods provides a thorough understanding of the structure-activity connection, promoting sensible drug design and optimization. By including triazoles as essential components in drug discovery, researchers can further explore and innovate in the synthesis, biological assessment, and computational studies of triazoles as drugs, exploring the potential therapeutic significance of triazoles.

A Comprehensive Review of the Diverse Spectrum Activity of 1,2,3-Triazole-linked Isatin Hybrids

Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2,3-triazole and isatin as core structures have emerged as promising drug candidates due to their diverse biological activities such as anti-cancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-epileptic, antiviral, and more. The presence of 1,2,3-triazoles and isatin heterocycles in these hybrids, both individually known for their medicinal significance, has increasingly piqued the interest of drug discovery researchers, as they seek to delve deeper into their extensive pharmacological potential for enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, these hybrid compounds are synthetically accessible using readily available materials. Therefore, there is a pressing need to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge in this field, offering valuable insights to readers and paving the way for the discovery of novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked isatin hybrids with therapeutic potential.

Recent advances in 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole hybrids as antimicrobials and their SAR: A critical review

With the widespread use and sometimes even abuse of antibiotics, the problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become very serious, and it is posing a great threat to global health. Therefore, development of new antibiotics is imperative. Triazoles are five-membered, nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic scaffolds, with two isomeric forms, i.e. 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Triazole-containing compounds have a wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antioxidant, antitubercular, antimalarial, anti-HIV, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, analgesic, and etc. The bioactivities and the diversity of triazole-containing drugs have attracted wide interest in these heterocycles. Various antibiotic triazole hybrids have been developed, and most of which have shown potent antimicrobial activities. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in triazole hybrids as potential antibacterial agents and their structure-activity relationships (SARs). The information gained through SAR studies will provide further insights into the development of new triazole antimicrobials.

Process-Divergent Syntheses of 4- and 5-Sulfur-Functionalized 1,2,3-Triazoles via Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloadditions of 1-Phosphinyl-2-sulfanylethynes

4-Sulfanyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles were provided regioselectively with good yields and broad scope via consecutive t-BuOK-promoted dephosphinylation of 1-phosphinyl-2-sulfanylethynes and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC) with alkyl azides. Unsymmetrically substituted ditriazoles were successfully obtained using a tandem dephosphinylative CuAAC protocol with diazides. Direct CuAAC of the 1-phosphinyl-2-sulfanylethynes with azides afforded regioisomeric mixtures of 4-phosphinyl-5-sulfanyl- and 5-phosphinyl-4-sulfanyl-1,2,3-triazoles that were easily separable from one another. When the phosphinyl- and sulfanyl-substituted triazoles were treated with t-BuOK, the dephosphination proceeded smoothly, yielding the corresponding 5- and 4-sulfanyltriazoles, respectively. 5-(1-Aryl-1-hydroxymethyl)-4-sulfanyltriazoles were synthesized by stepwise treatment of 5-phosphinyl-4-sulfanyltriazole with MeMgBr and arylaldehydes. Additionally, Ph₂P(O) and RS groups in the triazoles were easily converted to Ph₂P and RSO₂ by PhSiH₃-reduction and m-CPBA-oxidation, respectively. Following the dephosphinylative CuAAC of 1-phosphinyl-2-(4-t-butylphenylsulfanyl)ethyne with aryl azides and m-CPBA-oxidation, potent antagonists of pregnane X receptor LC-58 and LC-59 were successfully produced.

Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and docking studies of fluorinated imine linked 1,2,3-triazoles

A diverse series of imine linked 1,2,3-triazole hybrids has been synthesized via Cu(I)-promoted click reaction, with an aim to develop some new antimicrobial molecules. The structural characterization of the synthesized triazole hybrids was accomplished using various spectral techniques like ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FTIR and HRMS. Among the synthesized hybrids, 7d exhibited highest antimicrobial efficacy against R. oryzae and S. aureus with MIC of 0.0123 µmol/mL and 0.0061 µmol/mL, respectively. Docking studies of the terminal alkynes (4a, 4b) and triazole hybrids (6a, 6d, 7c, 7g) showing high potency towards E. coli DNA gyrase and C. albicans sterol 14-α demethylase were also undertaken to understand the binding behaviour.