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De Saint Jores C, Brandel C, Vaccaro M, Gharbi N, Schmitz-Afonso I, Cardinael P, Tamura R, Coquerel G. Reinvestigating the Preferential Enrichment of DL-Arginine Fumarate: New Thoughts on the Mechanism of This Far from Equilibrium Crystallization Phenomenon. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248652. [PMID: 36557785 PMCID: PMC9781920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preferential enrichment (PE) is a crystallization process, starting from either a racemic of slightly enantio-enriched solution (ca. +5%) that results in a high enantiomeric excess in the liquid phase (>+90%ee) and a slight opposite excess in the deposited crystals (−2 to −5%ee). The mechanism(s) of this symmetry-breaking phenomenon is (are) still a matter of debate since it eludes rationalization by phase diagram formalism. In this publication, we thoroughly reinvestigate the PE phenomenon of arginine fumarate by using a new approach: the process is monitored by introducing isotopically labeled arginine enantiomers into the crystallization medium to better understand the mass exchanges during crystallization. These experiments are supported by chiral HPLC-MS/MS. This study permits re-evaluating the criteria that were thought mandatory to perform PE. In particular, we show that PE occurs by a continuous exchange between the solution and the crystals and does not require the occurrence of a solvent-mediated solid−solid phase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément De Saint Jores
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, University of Orléans, CNRS UMR 7311, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France
- Rouen Normandie, FR3038, SMS, UR 3233, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Clément Brandel
- University Rouen Normandie, SMS, UR 3233, 76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (G.C.); Tel.: +33-235522902 (C.B.)
| | - Marie Vaccaro
- Rouen Normandie, FR3038, SMS, UR 3233, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Najla Gharbi
- Rouen Normandie, FR3038, SMS, UR 3233, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz-Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014 et FR 3038 Univ Rouen, INSA Rouen, CNRS IRCOF, 1 Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France
| | | | - Rui Tamura
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gérard Coquerel
- University Rouen Normandie, SMS, UR 3233, 76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (G.C.); Tel.: +33-235522902 (C.B.)
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Devi S, Kumar A, Kapoor A, Verma V, Yadav S, Bhatia M. Ketoprofen-FA Co-crystal: In Vitro and In Vivo Investigation for the Solubility Enhancement of Drug by Design of Expert. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:101. [PMID: 35348937 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present piece of research work is framed for improving the solubility of ketoprofen by forming co-crystal using fumaric acid as a coformer. Co-crystal of ketoprofen and fumaric acid was prepared by simple solvent-assisted grinding method, containing drug and coformer as independent variables and solubility and % drug release were assumed to be dependent variables. Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the preparation of optimized batch of co-crystal and further, evaluated for in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. Based on results of solubility and dissolution rate studies the formulation showed magnified improvement in both the properties on co-crystallization. The values of Gibbs free energy are negative at all levels of carrier demonstrating spontaneity of the drug solubilization process. The IC50 value of optimized batch of co-crystal formulation and the pure drug was observed as 327.33 μg/ml and 556.11 μg/ml, respectively, demonstrating that co-crystal formulation possesses more percentage protection against protein denaturation than the drug ketoprofen. In vivo (anti-inflammatory and analgesic) activities revealed that optimized batch of co-crystal formulation delivered a rapid pharmacological response in Wistar rats and albino mice when compared with standard drug.
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