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Schaible GA, Jay ZJ, Cliff J, Schulz F, Gauvin C, Goudeau D, Malmstrom RR, Emil Ruff S, Edgcomb V, Hatzenpichler R. Multicellular magnetotactic bacterial consortia are metabolically differentiated and not clonal. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568837. [PMID: 38076927 PMCID: PMC10705294 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Consortia of multicellular magnetotactic bacteria (MMB) are currently the only known example of bacteria without a unicellular stage in their life cycle. Because of their recalcitrance to cultivation, most previous studies of MMB have been limited to microscopic observations. To study the biology of these unique organisms in more detail, we use multiple culture-independent approaches to analyze the genomics and physiology of MMB consortia at single cell resolution. We separately sequenced the metagenomes of 22 individual MMB consortia, representing eight new species, and quantified the genetic diversity within each MMB consortium. This revealed that, counter to conventional views, cells within MMB consortia are not clonal. Single consortia metagenomes were then used to reconstruct the species-specific metabolic potential and infer the physiological capabilities of MMB. To validate genomic predictions, we performed stable isotope probing (SIP) experiments and interrogated MMB consortia using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) combined with nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). By coupling FISH with bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) we explored their in situ activity as well as variation of protein synthesis within cells. We demonstrate that MMB consortia are mixotrophic sulfate reducers and that they exhibit metabolic differentiation between individual cells, suggesting that MMB consortia are more complex than previously thought. These findings expand our understanding of MMB diversity, ecology, genomics, and physiology, as well as offer insights into the mechanisms underpinning the multicellular nature of their unique lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A. Schaible
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Zackary J. Jay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - John Cliff
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354
| | - Frederik Schulz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Colin Gauvin
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Danielle Goudeau
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - Rex R. Malmstrom
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | - S. Emil Ruff
- Ecosystems Center and Bay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543
| | | | - Roland Hatzenpichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
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Shi L, Lin Z, Hou J, Liu W, Xu J, Guo Y. Purification and characterization of a chicory polysaccharide and its application in stabilizing genistein for cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124635. [PMID: 37121414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone with chemopreventive and therapeutic effects on various types of cancers. Apparently, in contrast to the advantages of multi-target therapy, the poor water solubility of this molecule is a major obstacle to its clinical application. In this work, zein/chicory polysaccharide nanoparticles (G-zein-P NPs) were prepared by pH-induced antisolvent precipitation method for the encapsulation of genistein. Firstly, an acidic polysaccharide (CIP70-2) with a molecular weight of 66.7 kDa was identified from the roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus). This natural macromolecule was identified as a plant pectin, for which the structure included RG-I (rhamnogalacturonan I) and HG (homogalacturonan) regions. Using this polysaccharide, G-zein-P NPs were prepared, in which the water solubility of genistein was improved by encapsulation. The encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency of genistein by composite nanoparticles reached 99.0 % and 6.96 %, respectively. In vitro tumor inhibition experiments showed that the inhibitory effect of G-zein-P NPs on HepG2 cells was twice that of unencapsulated genistein. Moreover, the significant inhibition of tumor development and metastasis by G-zein-P NPs was observed in zebrafish xenograft models. The results suggested that zein/chicory polysaccharide nanoparticles may be a promising delivery carrier for genistein application in cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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Li Z, Liu Y, Zhou T, Cao L, Cai Y, Wang Y, Cui X, Yan H, Ruan R, Zhang Q. Effects of Culture Conditions on the Performance of Arthrospira platensis and Its Production of Exopolysaccharides. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142020. [PMID: 35885263 PMCID: PMC9316341 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) has been widely applied in industry and commerce for its various activities but the accumulation of EPS in culture medium may influence the growth of A. platensis reversely. This work aims to explore the impacts of initial pH, nitrogen source and concentration, phosphate concentration and recycle times of the culture medium on the growth of A. platensis and the secretion of its EPS. The results showed that EPS accumulated with the increase in recycle times of culture medium. The optimal initial pH for the growth of A. platensis was 8.50, and high pH of 11.5 inhibited the growth of biomass while resulting in highest EPS content of 92.87 mg/g DW. Excessive and limited nitrogen (NaNO3 of 25.00 g/L and NaNO3 < 2.50 g/L) and phosphate (K2HPO4 of 5.00 g/L and K2HPO4 < 0.50 g/L) inhibited the biomass production of A. platensis by 1.28−30.77% and 14.29−45.05%, respectively. EPS yield of 97.57 mg/g DW and 40.90 mg/g DW were obtained under NaNO3 of 25.00 g/L and K2HPO4 of 5.00 g/L due to salt stress. These findings are beneficial in providing a theoretical basis for high yield EPS from A. platensis without affecting biomass yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ting Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Leipeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yihui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Xian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hongbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (Z.L.); (Y.L.); (L.C.); (Y.C.); (Y.W.); (X.C.); (H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18070118735
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