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Visagamani AM, Shanthi D, Muthukrishnaraj A, Venkatadri B, Ahamed JI, Kaviyarasu K. Innovative Preparation of Cellulose-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles for Multipurpose Applications: Experiment and Molecular Docking Studies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:38860-38870. [PMID: 37901521 PMCID: PMC10601087 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, inorganic metal nanoparticle fabrication by extraction of a different part of the plant has been gaining more importance. In this research, cellulose-mediated Ag nanoparticles (cellulose/Ag NPs) with excellent antibacterial and antioxidant properties and photocatalytic activity have been synthesized by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. This method is a green, simple, and low-cost method that does not use any other capping or reducing agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and UV-visible spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the structure, morphology, as well as components of the generated cellulose/Ag NPs. In fact, XRD results confirm the formation of the face-centered cubic phase of Ag nanoparticles, while the FTIR spectra showed that the synergy of carbohydrates and proteins is responsible for the formation of cellulose/Ag NPs by the green method. It was found that the green-synthesized silver nanoparticles showed good crystallinity and a size range of about 20-30 nm. The morphology results showed that cellulose has a cavity-like structure and the green-synthesized Ag NPs were dispersed throughout the cellulose polymer matrix. In comparison to cellulose/Ag NPs and Ag nanoparticles, cellulose/Ag NPs demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity, Proteus mirabilis (MTCC 1771) possessed a maximum inhibition zone of 18.81.5 mm at 2.5 g/mL, and Staphylococcus aureus (MTTC 3615) had a minimum inhibition zone of 11.30.5 mm at 0.5 g/mL. Furthermore, cellulose/Ag NPs also exhibited a significant radical scavenging property against the DDPH free radical, and there was a higher degradation efficiency compared to pure Ag NPs against Rhodamine B as 97.38% removal was achieved. Notably, cellulose/Ag NPs remarkably promoted the transfer and separation of photogenerated electron-hole (e-/h+) pairs, thereby offering prospective application of the photodegradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) as well as antibacterial applications. With the findings from this study, we could develop efficient and environmentally friendly cellulose/Ag nanoparticles using low-cost, environmentally friendly materials, making them suitable for industrial and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Durairaj Shanthi
- Department
of Chemistry, VelTech MultiTech Dr. Rangarajan
Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, India
| | - Appusamy Muthukrishnaraj
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam
Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Babu Venkatadri
- Department
of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan, ROC
| | - J. Irshad Ahamed
- Department
of Chemistry, Kandaswami Naidu College for
Men, Anna Nagar East, Chennai 600102, India
| | - Kasinathan Kaviyarasu
- UNESCO-UNISA
Africa Chair in Nanosciences/Nanotechnology Laboratories, College
of Graduate Studies, University of South
Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Nanosciences
African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Group (MRG), iThemba LABS−National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, Somerset West 7129, Western Cape, South Africa
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Goswami M, Jaswal S, Gupta GD, Kumar Verma S. A Comprehensive Update on Phytochemistry, Analytical Aspects, Medicinal Attributes, Specifications and Stability of Stigmasterol. Steroids 2023; 196:109244. [PMID: 37137454 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are bioactive substances naturally found in plant cell membranes, and their chemical structure is comparable to cholesterol found in mammalian cells. They are widely distributed in plant foods like olive oil, nuts, seeds, and legumes. Amongst the variety of phytosterols, stigmasterol is the vital compound found abundantly in plants. Numerous hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, corticoids and androgen, are synthesized by stigmasterol. Multiple in-vitro and in-vivo investigations have shown that stigmasterol has various biological effects, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, respiratory diseases, and lipid-lowering effects. Experimental research on stigmasterol provides indisputable proof that this phytosterol has the potential to be employed in supplements used to treat the illnesses mentioned above. This substance has a high potential, making it a noteworthy medication in the future. Although several researchers have investigated this phytosterol to assess its prospective qualities, it has not yet attained therapeutic levels, necessitating additional clinical studies. This review offers a comprehensive update on stigmasterol, including chemical framework, biosynthesis, synthetic derivatives, extraction and isolation, analytical aspects, pharmacological profile, patent status, clinical trials, stability and specifications as per regulatory bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Goswami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142 001 (Punjab), India
| | - Shalini Jaswal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142 001 (Punjab), India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142 001 (Punjab), India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142 001 (Punjab), India.
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Spectroscopic, computational DFT, in vitro, and molecular docking investigations of newly isolated 2, 3, 9, and 10-tetrahydroacridin-3-one from the methanolic extract of nilavembu kudineer chooranam. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bakrim S, Benkhaira N, Bourais I, Benali T, Lee LH, El Omari N, Sheikh RA, Goh KW, Ming LC, Bouyahya A. Health Benefits and Pharmacological Properties of Stigmasterol. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1912. [PMID: 36290632 PMCID: PMC9598710 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigmasterol is an unsaturated phytosterol belonging to the class of tetracyclic triterpenes. It is one of the most common plant sterols, found in a variety of natural sources, including vegetable fats or oils from many plants. Currently, stigmasterol has been examined via in vitro and in vivo assays and molecular docking for its various biological activities on different metabolic disorders. The findings indicate potent pharmacological effects such as anticancer, anti-osteoarthritis, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, antiparasitic, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. Indeed, stigmasterol from plants and algae is a promising molecule in the development of drugs for cancer therapy by triggering intracellular signaling pathways in numerous cancers. It acts on the Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways in ovarian and gastric cancers. In addition, stigmasterol markedly disrupted angiogenesis in human cholangiocarcinoma by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) signaling down-regulation. The association of stigmasterol and sorafenib promoted caspase-3 activity and down-regulated levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in breast cancer. Antioxidant activities ensuring lipid peroxidation and DNA damage lowering conferred to stigmasterol chemoprotective activities in skin cancer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation also contributes to the neuroprotective effects of stigmasterol, as well as dopamine depletion and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The anti-inflammatory properties of phytosterols involve the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, the decrease in inflammatory mediator release, and the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Stigmasterol exerts anti-diabetic effects by reducing fasting glucose, serum insulin levels, and oral glucose tolerance. Other findings showed the antiparasitic activities of this molecule against certain strains of parasites such as Trypanosoma congolense (in vivo) and on promastigotes and amastigotes of the Leishmania major (in vitro). Some stigmasterol-rich plants were able to inhibit Candida albicans, virusei, and tropicalis at low doses. Accordingly, this review outlines key insights into the pharmacological abilities of stigmasterol and the specific mechanisms of action underlying some of these effects. Additionally, further investigation regarding pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Bakrim
- Molecular Engineering, Biotechnologies and Innovation Team, Geo-Bio-Environment Engineering and Innovation Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Nesrine Benkhaira
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez 1975, Morocco
| | - Ilhame Bourais
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid B.P. 4162, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Ryan A. Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
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