A naked-eye sulfonamide-based colorimetric and fluorescent “turn-on” chemosensor for detecting fluoride

Perylenemonoimide-Based Colorimetric Probe with High Contrast for Naked-Eye Detection of Fluoride Ions

Excessive fluoride ions (F^-) in drinking water are harmful to the environment and human health. However, most reported probes of F^- can only detect fluorocarbons rather than aqueous F^-. Herein, a colorimetric and fluorescent probe (PMI-OH) based on perylenemonoimide is designed and synthesized for the detection of aqueous F^-, with high sensitivity, good selectivity, and reversibility. The F^- causes deprotonation of PMI-OH, leading to a significant red shift of 222 nm (from 520 to 742 nm) of the absorption band. Upon the addition of fluorocarbons, the fluorescence intensities of PMI-OH show good linearity against the concentrations of F^-, realizing the quantitative detection of fluorocarbons with a limit of detection as low as 0.495 μM. Finally, PMI-OH is applied to detect F^- in drinking water. The color of PMI-OH solution shows remarkable response from pink to green when the concentrations of F^- exceed the upper limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO), realizing rapid and naked-eye detection of aqueous F^-.

The detection of multiple analytes by using visual colorimetric and fluorometric multimodal chemosensor based on the azo dye

In recent decades, researchers have conducted in-depth studies of the design and synthesis of colorimetric/fluorometric probes and the application of such probes to biological and practical samples. The multifunctional colorimetric and fluorescent azo benzene-based probe (4′-hydroxyl-2,4-diaminoazobenzene, MP) was designed to detect Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺ and F¯. Based on the distinct redshift of the absorption band and a significant color change (yellow → purple), MP was utilized for both naked-eyed and quantitative detection of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ after formation of the 1:1 complex. Test paper coated with MP and used in conjunction with a cell phone was used for colorimetric detection of Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions (20 μM–2.0 mM) in water samples through naked-eye and digital image colorimetry. The “MP-Fe³⁺” coordination shift that occurs in the presence of the competitive ligand F¯ was used in the colorimetric measurement of F¯ in toothpaste. In the presence of Cu²⁺ ion, the non-emissive MP has transformed into fluorescent benzotriazole product PMP (Φ = 0.53) through the bimolecular rate-limiting step, and the second-order rate constant k is calculated as 31 ± 2 M⁻¹ s⁻¹. MP exhibits a “turn-on” fluorescence response in the presence of Cu²⁺ that is greater than its response in the presence of competitive species such as Fe³⁺, Al³⁺, Co²⁺, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Ag⁺. MP was shown to have low toxicity to living HeLa cells and to present good imaging characteristics for tracking of Cu²⁺ in vivo.

Hexaphenylbenzene-based fluorescent probes for the detection of fluoride ions

Novel hexaphenylbenzene derivatives (HPB-1 and HPB-2) were synthesized and their sensing abilities were investigated.