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Anaikutti P, Adhikari P, Baskaran S, Selvaraj M, Afzal M, Makam P. Indolyl-4H-Chromene Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents: Synthesis, in Vitro and in Silico Studies. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301392. [PMID: 38050777 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, indolyl-4H-chromene derivatives are designed and synthesised using an eco-friendly multicomponent one-pot synthesis using benzaldehydes, nitroketene N, S-acetals, and indoles combine with InCl3 , a Lewis acid catalyst, and ethanol, an environmentally acceptable solvent. Due to antibiotic resistance, assessed these Indolyl-4H-chromene derivatives for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium pyrogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using the agar well diffusion method and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) assay. Three compounds, 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-methoxy-N-methyl-3-nitro-4H-chromen-2-amine, 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-nitro-N-phenyl-4H-chromen-2-amine and 4-(6-Fluoro-1H-Indol-3-yl)-N-methyl-3-nitro-4H-chromen-2-amine showed better zone of inhibition (mm) and Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) values of 10 μg/mL to 25 μg/mL against all bacterial types. The Ki values of 278.60 nM and 2.21 nM for compound 4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-nitro-N-phenyl-4H-chromen-2-amine showed improved interactions with DNA gyrase B and topoIV ParE's ATP binding sites in in silico studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthiban Anaikutti
- Centre for GMP Extraction Facility, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-G), Guwahati, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Priyanka Adhikari
- Centre for GMP Extraction Facility, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-G), Guwahati, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Sambath Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44776, Republic of, Korea
| | - Mangalaraj Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620002, India
| | - Mohd Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parameshwar Makam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
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Thrinadh Kumar R, Makam P, Katari NK, Kottalanka RK. A new synthetic approach to cyclic ureas through carbonylation using di- tert-butyl dicarbonate (boc anhydride) via one pot strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7821-7830. [PMID: 37724395 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01330h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A new approach has been successfully employed to synthesize cyclic ureas via carbonylation, utilizing Boc anhydride and employing K2CO3 as a base along with N,N-dimethylformamide as the solvent. Remarkably high yields were achieved using K2CO3 in conjunction with (Boc)2O, enabling the streamlined preparation of benzimidazolones and 2-benzoxazolones within a single reaction vessel. Significantly, this approach obviates the necessity for using any dangerous reagents, rendering it environmentally friendly, and its key benefit lies in being a metal-free system. The method stands out for its efficiency, concise pathway, optimization from readily accessible starting materials, and ease of execution. The resulting benzimidazolones and 2-benzoxazolones were thoroughly characterized using techniques including LCMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeti Thrinadh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India.
- Aragen Life Sciences Ltd, 28A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, Telangana-500076, India
| | - Parameshwar Makam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand-248007, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, Telangana-502329, India.
| | - Ravi K Kottalanka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Humanities, Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India.
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Khetmalis YM, Sangeetha GP, Chandu A, Swati, Murugesan S, Sharma V, Kumar MM, Kondapalli VG. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel oxindole analogs as antitubercular agents. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1323-1342. [PMID: 37610851 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To design, synthesize and evaluate oxindole derivatives for antitubercular activity. Methodology: We synthesized the derivatives, confirmed their structures by 1H/13C NMR and mass spectrometry, and evaluated them for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain using the microplate alamarBlue™ assay. Results: Among all the synthesized derivatives, OXN-1, -3 and -7 exhibited excellent antitubercular activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]: 0.78 μg/ml). Compounds with a MIC ≤1.56 were tested for cytotoxicity against human embryonic kidney cells and were found to be relatively nontoxic. Molecular docking analysis of OXN-1, -3 and -7 was performed to determine their binding patterns at the active site of DNA topoisomerase II (PDB-5BS8). In drug combination studies, OXN-1, 3 and 7 showed synergism with isoniazid. Conclusion: The obtained results reveal that oxindole derivatives exhibit potent antitubercular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh M Khetmalis
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Guruvelli Pv Sangeetha
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Ala Chandu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Swati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
| | - Muthyala Mk Kumar
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India
| | - Venkata Gcs Kondapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500078, India
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Pramanik S, Saha P, Ghosh P, Mukhopadhyay C. Steric-Hindrance-Induced Diastereoselective Radical Nitration of 3-Alkylidene-2-oxindoles Followed by Tosylhydrazine-Mediated Sulfonation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3386-3402. [PMID: 36847251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free radical nitration of the β C-H bond of 3-alkylidene-2-oxindoles with tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) has been explored. Interestingly, (E)-3-(2-(aryl)-2-oxoethylidene)oxindole and (E)-3-ylidene oxindole give different diastereomers on nitration. The mechanistic investigation revealed that the diastereoselectivity was controlled by the size of the functional group. Another transformation of 3-(nitroalkylidene) oxindole into 3-(tosylalkylidene) oxindole was performed through metal and oxidant-free tosylhydrazine-mediated sulfonation. Both methods have the advantages of readily available starting materials and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Pinaki Saha
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700103, India
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, R. K. Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700103, India
| | - Chhanda Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Ahmad I, Khan H, Serdaroğlu G. Physicochemical Properties, Drug Likeness, ADMET, DFT Studies and in vitro antioxidant activity of Oxindole Derivatives. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 104:107861. [PMID: 37060784 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Poor pharmacokinetic and safety profiles create significant hurdles in the drug development process. This work focuses on a detailed understanding of drug discovery interplay among physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, toxicity endpoints, and antioxidant properties of oxindole derivatives. DFT compıutations were also performed at B3LYP/6-311G** level to evaluate the physicochemical properties, global reactivity features, and intramolecular interactions. The BOILED-Egg pharmacokinetic model envisaged gastrointestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier penetration, and no interaction with p-glycoprotein for compounds C1 and C2. The physicochemical evaluation revealed that C1 possesses superior drug-like properties fit for oral absorption. Both derivatives were predicted to have high plasma protein binding, efficient distribution, and inhibiting CYP 450 major isoforms but serve as substrates only for a few of them. Both molecules have mild to moderate clearance rates. Out of ten toxicity parameters, only hepatotoxicity was predicted. DFT results implied that the meta position of the -OH group made the possibility of charge transfer greater than -para positioned -OH, due to the ΔNmax (eV) values of molecules C1 and C2 being calculated at 2.596 and 2.477, respectively. Both C1 and C2 exhibited a concentration dependant DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. The chemical structure-physicochemical-pharmacokinetic relationship identified the meta position as the favorite for the electron-withdrawing hydroxyl group. This provides useful insight to medicinal chemists to design 6-chlorooxindole derivatives with an acceptable drug-like and pharmacokinetic property.
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Bandaru NR, Makam P, Akshinthala P, Katari NK, Banoth V, Kolli B, Gundla R. Molecular Hybrids of Pyazolo[3,4- b]pyridine and Triazole: Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Antibacterial Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:7647. [PMID: 36364469 PMCID: PMC9655101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, and there aren't enough new treatments to combat it. This might send the modern world back to the pre-antibiotic age. The molecular hybrids of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine and triazole have been designed, synthesized, and analyzed for their drug-like molecule nature and in vitro analyses for their inhibition potentials against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. The compounds 24 and 27 have been identified as the high potential molecules in this series based on in vitro experiments. Compound 24 has zone of inhibition values of 15 ± 0.82 mm and 14 ± 0.7 mm, whilst compound 27 has zone of inhibition values of 18 ± 0.95 mm and 16 ± 0.82 mm against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, respectively. MIC and MIB values for compounds 24 and 27 against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae are 0.25 and 0.5, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha Rao Bandaru
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad, Rudraram 502329, India
| | - Parameshwar Makam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Parameswari Akshinthala
- Department of Science and Humanities, MLR Institute of Technology, Dundigal, Medchal, Hyderabad, Rudraram 500043, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad, Rudraram 502329, India
| | - Venkanna Banoth
- Department of Biotechnology, University Post Graduate College of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Rudraram 500085, India
| | - Balakrishna Kolli
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad, Rudraram 502329, India
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to Be University Visakhapatnam, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad, Rudraram 502329, India
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Oxone-Promoted Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes from Arylmethylamines and Indoles. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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