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Bakr RB, El Azab IH, Elkanzi NAA. Construction and Docking Studies of Novel Pyrimido[4,5-b]quinolines as Antimicrobial Agents. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400200. [PMID: 38570192 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In order to develop novel antimicrobial agents, we prepared quinoline bearing pyrimidine analogues 2-7, 8 a-d and 9 a-d and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, our second aim was to predict the interactions between the active compounds and enzymes (DNA gyrase and DHFR). In this work, fourteen pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives were prepared and assessed for their antimicrobial potential by estimating zone of inhibition. All the screened candidates displayed antibacterial potential with zone of inhibition range of 9-24 mm compared with ampicillin (20-25 mm) as a reference drug. Moreover, the target derivatives 2 (ZI=16), 9 c (ZI=17 mm) and 9 d (ZI=16 mm) recorded higher antifungal activity against C. albicans to that exhibited by the antifungal drug amphotericin B (ZI=15 mm). Finally, the most potent pyrimidoquinoline compounds (2, 3, 8 c, 8 d, 9 c and 9 d) were docked inside DHFR and DNA gyrase active sites and they recorded excellent fitting within the active regions of DNA gyrase and DHFR. These outcomes revealed us that compounds (2, 3, 8 c, 8 d, 9 c and 9 d) could be lead compounds to discover novel antibacterial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania B Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Islam H El Azab
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box: 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia A A Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, P.O. Box: 81528, Aswan, Egypt
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2
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Zala AR, Kumar D, Razakhan U, Rajani DP, Ahmad I, Patel H, Kumari P. Molecular modeling and biological investigation of novel s-triazine linked benzothiazole and coumarin hybrids as antimicrobial and antimycobacterial agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3814-3825. [PMID: 37218082 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2216293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of s-triazine linked benzothiazole and coumarin hybrids (6a-6d, 7a-7d, and 8a-8d) were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The compound's in vitro antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities were also evaluated. Remarkable antibacterial activity with MIC in the range of 12.5-62.5 μM and antifungal activity of 100-200 μM were demonstrated by in vitro antimicrobial analysis. Compounds 6b, 6d, 7b, 7d, and 8a strongly inhibited all bacterial strains, while 6b, 6c, and 7d had good to moderate efficacy against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Synthesized hybrids are observed in the active pocket of the S. aureus dihydropteroate synthetase enzyme, according to a molecular docking investigations. Among the docked compounds, 6d had a strong interaction and a greater binding affinity, and the dynamic stability of protein-ligand complexes was examined using molecular dynamic simulation with various settings at 100 ns. The proposed compounds successfully maintained their molecular interaction and structural integrity inside the S. aureus dihydropteroate synthase, according to the MD simulation analysis. These in silico analyses supported the in vitro antibacterial results of compound 6d, which demonstrated outstanding in vitro antibacterial efficacy against all bacterial strains. In the quest for new antibacterial drug-like molecules, compounds 6d, 7b, and 8a have been identified as promising lead compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajayrajsinh R Zala
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Uvais Razakhan
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Premlata Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
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3
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Bareth D, Jain S, Kumawat J, Kishore D, Dwivedi J, Hashmi SZ. Synthetic and pharmacological developments in the hybrid s-triazine moiety: A review. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106971. [PMID: 38016395 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes the most recent advancements in the synthetic and pharmacological approaches along with the structure activity relationship towards the s-triazine and its derivatives. Much attention has been given to s-triazine core due to its facile synthesis, interesting pharmacology, high reactivity, and binding characteristics towards various enzymes. An array of biological applications has been demonstrated by s-triazines including antimalarial, anti-HIV, anti-viral, antimicrobial, anti-tuberculosis to name a few. In the present investigation s-triazine based molecular structures have been assembled in respect to their synthesis and medicinal properties. Further, the competence of s-triazine has been correlated and compared with the other heterocyclic moieties to substantiates-triazine a privileged scaffold. From the literature it is revealed that nucleophilic substitution at 2, 4, and 6 positions is significant for various biological applications. This article would help in assisting the chemists in designing novel molecular entities with high medicinal value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Bareth
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Jyoti Kumawat
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sonia Zeba Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India.
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4
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Elkolli M, Elkolli H, Alam M, Benguerba Y. In silico study of antibacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and toxicity of main phytoconstituents from three active essential oils. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1404-1416. [PMID: 37066614 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2199865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have resulted in antibiotic resistance. However, there are alternative approaches that could either substitute antibiotics or enhance their effectiveness without harmful side effects. One such approach is the use of terpene-rich essential oils. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the antibacterial activity of the main components of three plant essential oils, namely Anthemis punctata, Anthemis pedunculata and Daucus crinitus. Specifically, we targeted bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, an enzyme that plays a critical role in bacterial protein synthesis. To investigate how the phytocompounds interact with the enzyme's active sites, we employed a molecular docking study using Autodock Software Tools 1.5.7. Our findings revealed that all 28 phytocompounds bound to the enzyme's active sites with binding energies ranging from -6.96 to -4.03 kcal/mol. These results suggest that terpene-rich essential oils could be a potential source of novel antimicrobial agents.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Elkolli
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Setif, Algeria
| | - Hayet Elkolli
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymériques Multiphasiques, Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Manawwer Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie et Pharmacotechnie (LPBT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
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Ali MI, Naseer MM. Recent biological applications of heterocyclic hybrids containing s-triazine scaffold. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30462-30490. [PMID: 37854486 PMCID: PMC10580144 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05953g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
s-Triazine possesses an auspicious status in the field of drug discovery and development owing to its presence in many naturally occurring compounds as well as commercially available drugs like enasidenib, gedatolisib, bimiralisib, atrazine, indaziflam, and triaziflam. Easy, cost-effective, and efficient access to its derivatives in addition to their splendid biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, makes it an attractive heterocyclic nucleus in the field of medicinal chemistry. Other than the direct access of its derivatives from simple commercially available starting materials like amidine, the s-triazine derivatives have also been obtained starting from an inexpensive commercially available 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) commonly known as cyanuric chloride. Owing to the high reactivity and the possibility of sequential substitution of TCT, a variety of biologically active heterocyclic scaffolds have been installed on this nucleus in order to have more potent compounds. These s-triazine-based heterocyclic hybrids have been reported to show enhanced biological activities in recent years. Therefore, it is important to summarize and highlight recent examples of these hybrids which is imperative to attract the attention of the drug development community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-5190642241 +92-5190642129
| | - Muhammad Moazzam Naseer
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-5190642241 +92-5190642129
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6
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Maliszewski D, Demirel R, Wróbel A, Baradyn M, Ratkiewicz A, Drozdowska D. s-Triazine Derivatives Functionalized with Alkylating 2-Chloroethylamine Fragments as Promising Antimicrobial Agents: Inhibition of Bacterial DNA Gyrases, Molecular Docking Studies, and Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1248. [PMID: 37765056 PMCID: PMC10650753 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The spectrum of biological properties of s-triazine derivatives is broad and includes anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-neurodegenerative activities, among others. The s-triazine molecule, due to the possibility of substituting three substituents, offers many opportunities to obtain hybrid compounds with a wide variety of activities. A group of 1,3,5 triazine derivatives containing a dipeptide, 2-ethylpiperazine, and a methoxy group as substituents was screened for their antimicrobial activity. An in vitro study was conducted on pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and M. luteus), yeasts (C. albicans), and filamentous fungi (A. fumigatus, A. flavus, F. solani, and P. citrinum) via microdilution in broth, and the results were compared with antibacterial (Streptomycin) and antifungal (Ketoconazole and Nystatin) antibiotics. Several s-triazine analogues have minimal inhibitory concentrations lower than the standard. To confirm the inhibitory potential of the most active compounds against gyrases E. coli and S. aureus, a bacterial gyrases inhibition assay, and molecular docking studies were performed. The most active s-triazine derivatives contained the -NH-Trp(Boc)-AlaOMe, -NH-Asp(OtBu)-AlaOMe, and -NH-PheOMe moieties in their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Maliszewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (D.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Rasime Demirel
- Department of Biology, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir 26555, Turkey;
| | - Agnieszka Wróbel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (D.M.); (A.W.)
| | - Maciej Baradyn
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (M.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Artur Ratkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (M.B.); (A.R.)
| | - Danuta Drozdowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (D.M.); (A.W.)
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Riyahi Z, Asadi P, Hassanzadeh F, Khodamoradi E, Gonzalez A, Karimi Abdolmaleki M. Synthesis of novel conjugated benzofuran-triazine derivatives: Antimicrobial and in-silico molecular docking studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18759. [PMID: 37576200 PMCID: PMC10412834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new developments of antibacterial agents, a series of benzofuran-triazine based compounds (8a-8h) were designed and synthesized. The derivatives were prepared through conventional chemical reactions and structurally characterized with FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized derivatives was assessed against gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacterial strains (Salmonella entritidis and Escherichia coli). Compound 8e, with the MIC value of 125-32 μg/μl against all the examined strains of bacteria, was the most active antibacterial compound. The synthesized derivatives were also studied for docking to the binding sites of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) receptor which has a key role in drug resistance associated with bacterial infections. The synthesized compounds showed good interaction with the targets through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. According to antibacterial and docking studies, compound 8e could be introduced as a candidate for development of antibacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Riyahi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Elahe Khodamoradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexa Gonzalez
- Department of Nursing, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA
| | - Mahmood Karimi Abdolmaleki
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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8
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Dinuclear Zn(II) complexes with Schiff base ligands derived from 4-aminoantipyrine; crystal structure and catalytic activity in the synthesis of tetrazoles. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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9
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Bikas R, Heydari N, Lis T. Catalytic synthesis of tetrazoles by a silica supported Zn(II) coordination compound containing azide ligand. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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10
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Acar Çevik U, Celik I, Işık A, Gül ÜD, Bayazıt G, Bostancı HE, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Synthesis, and docking studies of novel tetrazole-S-alkyl derivatives as antimicrobial agents. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2117812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulviye Acar Çevik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ismail Celik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Işık
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ülküye Dudu Gül
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Gizem Bayazıt
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Hayrani Eren Bostancı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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